Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T21:04:01.308Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Influence of the admicelled poly(methyl methacrylate) on the compatibility and toughness of poly(lactic acid)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 March 2018

Angkana Pongpilaipruet  and
Rathanawan Magaraphan Open the ORCID record for Rathanawan Magaraphan [Opens in a new window]
Angkana Pongpilaipruet
Affiliation:
Polymer Processing and Polymer Nanomaterials Research Unit, The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
Rathanawan Magaraphan*
Affiliation:
Polymer Processing and Polymer Nanomaterials Research Unit, The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Admicellar polymerization, a novel technique for surface modification, was used in this work to enhance the compatibility between polymers with obviously different polarities, e.g., natural rubber (NR) and polylactic acid (PLA). The admicellar polymerization of methyl methacrylate over NR substrates (using potassium peroxodisulfate as an initiator) so-called poly(methyl methacrylate)–natural rubber (PMMA-ad-NR) was prepared and mixed with PLA at different contents (5, 10, and 15 wt%) in comparison to the simple PLA/NR blends. The monomer to initiator ratio was varied: 25:1, 50:1, and 100:1 corresponding to the admicelled PMMA molecular weight of 20,000, 30,000, and 40,000 g/mol, respectively. All PLA/PMMA-ad-NR blends showed good compatibility as evident by FE-SEM results revealing smooth boundary of PMMA-ad-NR domains in the PLA matrix. Moreover, the mechanical properties and thermal stability of PLA/PMMA-ad-NR blends were higher than those of PLA/NR blends, especially with increasing PMMA-ad-NR content up to 10 wt%. It was clear that the lowest molecular weight of the admicelled PMMA gave the highest toughness of PLA/PMMA-ad-NR blends.

Keywords

blendpolymerpolymerization
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 33 , Issue 6 , 28 March 2018 , pp. 662 - 673
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Contributing Editor: Amit Bandyopadhyay

References

REFERENCES

Yu, L., Dean, K., and Li, L.: Polymer blends and composites from renewable resources. Prog. Polym. Sci. 31, 576 (2006).Google Scholar
Lim, L.T., Auras, R., and Rubino, M.: Processing technologies for poly(lactic acid). Prog. Polym. Sci. 33, 820 (2008).Google Scholar
Djellali, S., Haddaoui, N., Sadoun, T., Bergeret, A., and Grohens, Y.: Structural, morphological and mechanical characteristics of polyethylene, poly(lactic acid) and poly(ethylene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) blends. Iran. Polym. J. 22, 245 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yasuniwa, M., Tsubakihara, S., Iura, K., Ono, Y., Dan, Y., and Takahashi, K.: Crystallization behavior of poly(l-lactic acid). Polymer 47, 7554 (2006).Google Scholar
Likittanaprasong, N., Seadan, M., and Suttiruengwong, S.: Impact property enhancement of poly(lactic acid) with different flexible copolymers. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 87, 012069 (2015).Google Scholar
Meng, B., Tao, J., Deng, J., Wu, Z., and Yang, M.: Toughening of polylactide with higher loading of nano-titania particles coated by poly(ε-caprolactone). Mater. Lett. 65, 729 (2011).Google Scholar
Zhang, C., Man, C., Pan, Y., Wang, W., Jiang, L., and Dan, Y.: Toughening of polylactide with natural rubber grafted with poly(butyl acrylate). Polym. Int. 60, 1548 (2011).Google Scholar
Jaratrotkamjorn, R., Khaokong, C., and Tanrattanakul, V.: Toughness enhancement of poly(lactic acid) by melt blending with natural rubber. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 124, 5027 (2012).Google Scholar
Bitinis, N., Verdejo, R., Cassagnau, P., and Lopez-Manchado, M.A.: Structure and properties of polylactide/natural rubber blends. Mater. Chem. Phys. 129, 823 (2011).Google Scholar
Nagarajan, V., Mohanty, A.K., and Misra, M.: Perspective on polylactic acid (PLA) based sustainable materials for durable applications: Focus on toughness and heat resistance. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 4, 2899 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Juntuek, P., Ruksakulpiwat, C., Chumsamrong, P., and Ruksakulpiwat, Y.: Effect of glycidyl methacrylate-grafted natural rubber on physical properties of polylactic acid and natural rubber blends. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 125, 745 (2012).Google Scholar
Pongpilaipruet, A. and Magaraphan, R.: Synthesis, characterization and degradation behavior of admicelled polyacrylate-natural rubber. Mater. Chem. Phys. 160, 194 (2015).Google Scholar
Hao, X., Kaschta, J., Liu, X., Pan, Y., and Schubert, D.W.: Entanglement network formed in miscible PLA/PMMA blends and its role in rheological and thermo-mechanical properties of the blends. Polymer 80, 38 (2015).Google Scholar
Le, K-P., Lehman, R., Remmert, J., Vanness, K., Ward, P.M.L., and Idol, J.D.: Multiphase blends from poly(L-lactide) and poly(methyl mathacrylate). J. Biomater. Sci., Polym. Ed. 17, 121 (2006).Google Scholar
Anakabe, J., Zaldua Huici, A.M., Eceiza, A., and Arbelaiz, A.: Melt blending of polylactide and poly(methyl methacrylate): Thermal and mechanical properties and phase morphology characterization. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 132, 42677 (2015).Google Scholar
Samuel, C., Raquez, J-M., and Dubois, P.: PLLA/PMMA blends: A shear-induced miscibility with tunable morphologies and properties? Polymer 54, 3931 (2013).Google Scholar
Imre, B., Renner, K., and Pukanszky, B.: Interactions, structure and properties in poly(lactic acid)/thermoplastic polymer blends. Express Polym. Lett. 8, 2 (2014).Google Scholar
El-Hadi, A.M.: The effect of additives interaction on the miscibility and crystal structure of two immiscible biodegradable polymers. Polímeros 24, 9 (2014).Google Scholar
Odelius, K., Ohlson, M., Höglund, A., and Albertsson, A-C.: Polyesters with small structural variations improve the mechanical properties of polylactide. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 127, 27 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheah, P., Bhikha, C.N., Haver, J.H., and Smith, A.E.: Effect of oxygen and initiator solubility on admicellar polymerization of styrene on silica surfaces. Int. J. Polym. Sci. 2017, 7 (2017).Google Scholar
Chen, Y. and Sajjadi, S.: Particle formation and growth in ab initio emulsifier-free emulsion polymerisation under monomer-starved conditions. Polymer 50, 357 (2009).Google Scholar
Anancharungsuk, W., Tanpantree, S., Sruanganurak, A., and Tangboriboonrat, P.: Surface modification of natural rubber film by UV-induced graft copolymerization with methyl methacrylate. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 104, 2270 (2007).Google Scholar
Wei, S-Q., Bai, Y-P., and Shao, L.: A novel approach to graft acrylates onto commercial silicones for release film fabrications by two-step emulsion synthesis. Eur. Polym. J. 44, 2728 (2008).Google Scholar
Gebreyesus, M.A., Purushotham, Y., and Kumar, J.S.: Preparation and characterization of lithium ion conducting polymer electrolytes based on a blend of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) and poly(methyl methacrylate). Heliyon 2, e00134 (2016).Google Scholar
Mohamad Sadeghi, G.M., Morshedian, J., and Barikani, M.: The effect of initiator-to-monomer ratio on the properties of the polybutadiene-ol synthesized by free radical solution polymerization of 1,3-butadiene. Polym. Int. 52, 1083 (2003).Google Scholar
Tanrisever, T., Okay, O., and Sönmezoğlu, I.Ç.: Kinetics of emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 61, 485 (1996).Google Scholar
Ng, Y-H., di Lena, F., and Chai, C.L.L.: PolyPEGA with predetermined molecular weights from enzyme-mediated radical polymerization in water. Chem. Commun. 47, 6464 (2011).Google Scholar
Chumeka, W., Tanrattanakul, V., Pilard, J-F., and Pasetto, P.: Effect of poly(vinyl acetate) on mechanical properties and characteristics of poly(lactic acid)/natural rubber blends. J. Polym. Environ. 21, 450 (2013).Google Scholar
Thongpin, C., Klatsuwan, S., Borkchaiyapoom, P., and Thongkamwong, S.: Crystallization behavior of PLA in PLA/NR compared with dynamic vulcanized PLA/NR. J. Met., Mater. Miner. 23, 53 (2013).Google Scholar
Bhatia, A., Gupta, R., Bhattacharya, S., and Choi, H.: Compatibility of biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) blends for packaging application. Korea Aust. Rheol. J. 19, 125 (2007).Google Scholar
Pongtanayut, K., Thongpin, C., and Santawitee, O.: The effect of rubber on morphology, thermal properties and mechanical properties of PLA/NR and PLA/ENR blends. Energy Procedia 34, 888 (2013).Google Scholar
Li, S., Yuan, H., Yu, T., Yuan, W., and Ren, J.: Flame-retardancy and anti-dripping effects of intumescent flame retardant incorporating montmorillonite on poly(lactic acid). Polym. Adv. Technol. 20, 1114 (2009).Google Scholar
Teoh, E.L., Mariatti, M., and Chow, W.S.: Thermal and flame resistant properties of poly(lactic acid)/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends containing halogen-free flame retardant. Procedia Chem. 19, 795 (2016).Google Scholar
Ayutthaya, W.D.N. and Poompradub, S.: Thermal and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)/natural rubber blend using epoxidized natural rubber and poly(methyl methacrylate) as co-compatibilizers. Macromol. Res. 22, 686 (2014).Google Scholar
Lin, C.T., Kuo, S.W., Huang, C.F., and Chang, F.C.: Glass transition temperature enhancement of PMMA through copolymerization with PMAAM and PTCM mediated by hydrogen bonding. Polymer 51, 883 (2010).Google Scholar
Zhang, C., Wang, W., Huang, Y., Pan, Y., Jiang, L., Dan, Y., Luo, Y., and Peng, Z.: Thermal, mechanical and rheological properties of polylactide toughened by expoxidized natural rubber. Mater. Des. 45, 198 (2013).Google Scholar
Zhang, G., Zhang, J., Wang, S., and Shen, D.: Miscibility and phase structure of binary blends of polylactide and poly(methyl methacrylate). J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 41, 23 (2003).Google Scholar
Fukushima, K., Tabuani, D., and Camino, G.: Nanocomposites of PLA and PCL based on montmorillonite and sepiolite. Mater. Sci. Eng., C 29, 1433 (2009).Google Scholar
Yokohara, T. and Yamaguchi, M.: Structure and properties for biomass-based polyester blends of PLA and PBS. Eur. Polym. J. 44, 677 (2008).Google Scholar
Bitinis, N., Sanz, A., Nogales, A., Verdejo, R., Lopez-Manchado, M.A., and Ezquerra, T.A.: Deformation mechanisms in polylactic acid/natural rubber/organoclay bionanocomposites as revealed by synchrotron X-ray scattering. Soft Matter 8, 8990 (2012).Google Scholar
Trapper, P. and Volokh, K.Y.: Cracks in rubber. Int. J. Solid Struct. 45, 6034 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, Q., Ding, Y., Yang, B., Ning, N., and Fu, Q.: Highly efficient toughening effect of ultrafine full-vulcanized powdered rubber on poly(lactic acid)(PLA). Polym. Test. 32, 299 (2013).Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Pongpilaipruet and Magaraphan supplementary material

Figure S1 and Tables SI-SII

Download Pongpilaipruet and Magaraphan supplementary material(File)
File 111.3 KB