Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T13:23:41.226Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effect of architecture on the mechanical properties of cellular structures based on the IWP minimal surface

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 January 2018

Oraib Al-Ketan Open the ORCID record for Oraib Al-Ketan [Opens in a new window] ,
Rashid K. Abu Al-Rub  and
Reza Rowshan
Oraib Al-Ketan
Affiliation:
Mechanical and Materials Engineering Department, Institute Center for Energy, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; and Mechanical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. 54224, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Rashid K. Abu Al-Rub*
Affiliation:
Mechanical and Materials Engineering Department, Institute Center for Energy, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; and Mechanical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. 54224, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Reza Rowshan
Affiliation:
Core Technology Platforms, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Architected materials are materials engineered to utilize their topological aspects to enhance the related physical and mechanical properties. With the witnessed progressive advancements in fabrication techniques, obstacles and challenges experienced in manufacturing geometrically complex architected materials are mitigated. Different strut-based architected lattice structures have been investigated for their topology-property relationship. However, the focus on lattice design has recently shifted toward structures with mathematically defined architectures. In this work, we investigate the architecture-property relationship associated with the possible configurations of employing the mathematically attained Schoen's I-WP (IWP) minimal surface to create lattice structures. Results of mechanical testing showed that sheet-based IWP lattice structures exhibit a stretching-dominated behavior with the highest structural efficiency as compared to other forms of strut-based and skeletal-based lattice structures. This study presents experimental and computational evidence of the robustness and suitability of sheet-based IWP structures for different engineering applications, where strong and lightweight materials with exceptional energy absorption capabilities are required.

Keywords

additive manufacturing (AM)selective laser sintering (SLS)lattice structurestriply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS)architected materials
Type
Invited Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 33 , Issue 3: Focus Issue: Architected Materials , 14 February 2018 , pp. 343 - 359
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Contributing Editor: Lorenzo Valdevit

References

REFERENCES

Javid, F., Wang, P., Shanian, A., and Bertoldi, K.: Architected materials with ultra-low porosity for vibration control. Adv. Mater. 28, 5943 (2016).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Babaee, S., Viard, N., Wang, P., Fang, N.X., and Bertoldi, K.: Harnessing deformation to switch on and off the propagation of sound. Adv. Mater. 28, 1631 (2016).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zheng, X., Smith, W., Jackson, J., Moran, B., Cui, H., Chen, D., Ye, J., Fang, N., Rodriguez, N., and Weisgraber, T.: Multiscale metallic metamaterials. Nat. Mater. 15, 1100 (2016).Google Scholar
Haghpanah, B., Salari-Sharif, L., Pourrajab, P., Hopkins, J., and Valdevit, L.: Multistable shape-reconfigurable architected materials. Adv. Mater. 28, 7915 (2016).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bauer, J., Schroer, A., Schwaiger, R., Tesari, I., Lange, C., Valdevit, L., and Kraft, O.: Push-to-pull tensile testing of ultra-strong nanoscale ceramic–polymer composites made by additive manufacturing. Extreme Mech. Lett. 3, 105 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, H. and Pasini, D.: Structurally efficient three-dimensional metamaterials with controllable thermal expansion. Sci. Rep. 6, 34924 (2016).Google Scholar
Schaedler, T.A., Jacobsen, A.J., Torrents, A., Sorensen, A.E., Lian, J., Greer, J.R., Valdevit, L., and Carter, W.B.: Ultralight metallic microlattices. Science 334, 962 (2011).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rafsanjani, A., Akbarzadeh, A., and Pasini, D.: Snapping mechanical metamaterials under tension. Adv. Mater. 27, 5931 (2015).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, L., Lau, J., Thomas, E.L., and Boyce, M.C.: Co-continuous composite materials for stiffness, strength, and energy dissipation. Adv. Mater. 23, 1524 (2011).Google Scholar
Al-Ketan, O., Al-Rub, R.K.A., and Rowshan, R.: Mechanical properties of a new type of architected interpenetrating phase composite materials. Adv. Mater. Technol. 2, 1600235 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Overvelde, J.T., Weaver, J.C., Hoberman, C., and Bertoldi, K.: Rational design of reconfigurable prismatic architected materials. Nature 541, 347 (2017).Google Scholar
Ashby, M.F., Evans, T., Fleck, N.A., Hutchinson, J., Wadley, H., and Gibson, L.: Metal Foams: A Design Guide (Elsevier, Oxford, United Kingdom, 2000).Google Scholar
Heinl, P., Müller, L., Körner, C., Singer, R.F., and Müller, F.A.: Cellular Ti–6Al–4V structures with interconnected macro porosity for bone implants fabricated by selective electron beam melting. Acta Biomater. 4, 1536 (2008).Google Scholar
Pattanayak, D.K., Fukuda, A., Matsushita, T., Takemoto, M., Fujibayashi, S., Sasaki, K., Nishida, N., Nakamura, T., and Kokubo, T.: Bioactive Ti metal analogous to human cancellous bone: Fabrication by selective laser melting and chemical treatments. Acta Biomater. 7, 1398 (2011).Google Scholar
Freyman, T., Yannas, I., and Gibson, L.: Cellular materials as porous scaffolds for tissue engineering. Prog. Mater. Sci. 46, 273 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jain, P. and Pradeep, T.: Potential of silver nanoparticle-coated polyurethane foam as an antibacterial water filter. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 90, 59 (2005).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Montillet, A., Comiti, J., and Legrand, J.: Application of metallic foams in electrochemical reactors of filter-press type part I: Flow characterization. J. Appl. Electrochem. 23, 1045 (1993).Google Scholar
Giani, L., Groppi, G., and Tronconi, E.: Mass-transfer characterization of metallic foams as supports for structured catalysts. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 44, 4993 (2005).Google Scholar
Boomsma, K., Poulikakos, D., and Zwick, F.: Metal foams as compact high performance heat exchangers. Mech. Mater. 35, 1161 (2003).Google Scholar
Lu, T., Stone, H., and Ashby, M.: Heat transfer in open-cell metal foams. Acta Mater. 46, 3619 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haack, D.P., Butcher, K.R., Kim, T., and Lu, T.: Novel lightweight metal foam heat exchangers. In Proceedings of 2001 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, November 11-16, 2001, New York, NY IMECE2001, (2001).Google Scholar
Zheng, X., Lee, H., Weisgraber, T.H., Shusteff, M., DeOtte, J., Duoss, E.B., Kuntz, J.D., Biener, M.M., Ge, Q., and Jackson, J.A.: Ultralight, ultrastiff mechanical metamaterials. Science 344, 1373 (2014).Google Scholar
Rashed, M., Ashraf, M., Mines, R., and Hazell, P.J.: Metallic microlattice materials: A current state of the art on manufacturing, mechanical properties and applications. Mater. Des. 95, 518 (2016).Google Scholar
Liu, L., Kamm, P., García-Moreno, F., Banhart, J., and Pasini, D.: Elastic and failure response of imperfect three-dimensional metallic lattices: The role of geometric defects induced by selective laser melting. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 107, 160 (2017).Google Scholar
Yan, C., Hao, L., Hussein, A., Bubb, S.L., Young, P., and Raymont, D.: Evaluation of light-weight AlSi10Mg periodic cellular lattice structures fabricated via direct metal laser sintering. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 214, 856 (2014).Google Scholar
Yan, C., Hao, L., Hussein, A., and Young, P.: Ti–6Al–4V triply periodic minimal surface structures for bone implants fabricated via selective laser melting. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 51, 61 (2015).Google Scholar
Yan, C., Hao, L., Hussein, A., Young, P., and Raymont, D.: Advanced lightweight 316L stainless steel cellular lattice structures fabricated via selective laser melting. Mater. Des. 55, 533 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alsalla, H., Hao, L., and Smith, C.: Fracture toughness and tensile strength of 316L stainless steel cellular lattice structures manufactured using the selective laser melting technique. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 669, 1 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brenne, F., Niendorf, T., and Maier, H.: Additively manufactured cellular structures: Impact of microstructure and local strains on the monotonic and cyclic behavior under uniaxial and bending load. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 213, 1558 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sing, S., Yeong, W., Wiria, F., and Tay, B.: Characterization of titanium lattice structures fabricated by selective laser melting using an adapted compressive test method. Exp. Mech. 56, 735 (2016).Google Scholar
Al-Ketan, O., Soliman, A., AlQubaisi, A.M., and Abu Al-Rub, R.K.: Nature-inspired lightweight cellular co-continuous composites with architected periodic gyroidal structures. Adv. Eng. Mater., 1700549, doi: 10.1002/adem.201700549 (2017).Google Scholar
Bobbert, F., Lietaert, K., Eftekhari, A., Pouran, B., Ahmadi, S., Weinans, H., and Zadpoor, A.: Additively manufactured metallic porous biomaterials based on minimal surfaces: A unique combination of topological, mechanical, and mass transport properties. Acta Biomater. 53(Suppl. C), 572 (2017).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rajagopalan, S. and Robb, R.A.: Schwarz meets schwann: Design and fabrication of biomorphic and durataxic tissue engineering scaffolds. Med. Image Anal. 10, 693 (2006).Google Scholar
Torquato, S. and Donev, A.: Minimal surfaces and multifunctionality. Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 460, 1849 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yoo, D-J.: New paradigms in cellular material design and fabrication. Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf. 16, 2577 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feng, Q., Tang, Q., Liu, Z., Liu, Y., and Setchi, R.: An investigation of the mechanical properties of metallic lattice structures fabricated using selective laser melting. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part B, 0954405416668924, doi: 10.1177/0954405416668924 (2016).Google Scholar
Wang, X., Xu, S., Zhou, S., Xu, W., Leary, M., Choong, P., Qian, M., Brandt, M., and Xie, Y.M.: Topological design and additive manufacturing of porous metals for bone scaffolds and orthopaedic implants: A review. Biomaterials 83, 127 (2016).Google Scholar
Giannitelli, S., Accoto, D., Trombetta, M., and Rainer, A.: Current trends in the design of scaffolds for computer-aided tissue engineering. Acta Biomater. 10, 580 (2014).Google Scholar
Ahmadi, S.M., Yavari, S.A., Wauthle, R., Pouran, B., Schrooten, J., Weinans, H., and Zadpoor, A.A.: Additively manufactured open-cell porous biomaterials made from six different space-filling unit cells: The mechanical and morphological properties. Materials 8, 1871 (2015).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deshpande, V.S., Fleck, N.A., and Ashby, M.F.: Effective properties of the octet-truss lattice material. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 49, 1747 (2001).Google Scholar
Arabnejad, S., Johnston, R.B., Pura, J.A., Singh, B., Tanzer, M., and Pasini, D.: High-strength porous biomaterials for bone replacement: A strategy to assess the interplay between cell morphology, mechanical properties, bone ingrowth and manufacturing constraints. Acta Biomater. 30, 345 (2016).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McKown, S., Shen, Y., Brookes, W., Sutcliffe, C., Cantwell, W., Langdon, G., Nurick, G., and Theobald, M.: The quasi-static and blast loading response of lattice structures. Int. J. Impact Eng. 35, 795 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mullen, L., Stamp, R.C., Brooks, W.K., Jones, E., and Sutcliffe, C.J.: Selective laser melting: A regular unit cell approach for the manufacture of porous, titanium, bone in-growth constructs, suitable for orthopedic applications. J. Biomed. Mater. Res., Part B 89, 325 (2009).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ha, Y.H., Vaia, R.A., Lynn, W.F., Costantino, J.P., Shin, J., Smith, A.B., Matsudaira, P.T., and Thomas, E.L.: Three-dimensional network photonic crystals via cyclic size reduction/infiltration of sea urchin exoskeleton. Adv. Mater. 16, 1091 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kapfer, S.C., Hyde, S.T., Mecke, K., Arns, C.H., and Schröder-Turk, G.E.: Minimal surface scaffold designs for tissue engineering. Biomaterials 32, 6875 (2011).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yoo, D.: New paradigms in hierarchical porous scaffold design for tissue engineering. Mater. Sci. Eng., C 33, 1759 (2013).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Abueidda, D.W., Abu Al-Rub, R., Dalaq, A.S., Lee, D-W., Khan, K.A., and Jasiuk, I.: Effective conductivities and elastic moduli of novel foams with triply periodic minimal surfaces. Mech. Mater. 95, 102 (2016).Google Scholar
Abueidda, D.W., Abu Al-Rub, R., Dalaq, A.S., Younes, H.A., Al Ghaferi, A.A., and Shah, T.K.: Electrical conductivity of 3D periodic architectured interpenetrating phase composites with carbon nanostructured-epoxy reinforcements. Compos. Sci. Technol. 118, 127 (2015).Google Scholar
Abueidda, D.W., Bakir, M., Al-Rub, R.K.A., Bergström, J.S., Sobh, N.A., and Jasiuk, I.: Mechanical properties of 3D printed polymeric cellular materials with triply periodic minimal surface architectures. Mater. Des. 122, 255 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abueidda, D.W., Dalaq, A.S., Abu Al-Rub, R., and Younes, H.A.: Finite element predictions of effective multifunctional properties of interpenetrating phase composites with novel triply periodic solid shell architectured reinforcements. Int. J. Mech. Sci. 92, 80 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abueidda, D.W., Dalaq, A.S., Al-Rub, R.K.A., and Jasiuk, I.: Micromechanical finite element predictions of a reduced coefficient of thermal expansion for 3D periodic architectured interpenetrating phase composites. Compos. Struct. 133, 85 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Al-Ketan, O., Assad, M.A., and Abu Al-Rub, R.K.: Mechanical properties of periodic interpenetrating phase composites with novel architected microstructures. Compos. Struct. 176, 9–19 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kadkhodapour, J., Montazerian, H., Darabi, A.C., Zargarian, A., and Schmauder, S.: The relationships between deformation mechanisms and mechanical properties of additively manufactured porous biomaterials. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 70, 28–42 (2016).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Han, S.C., Lee, J.W., and Kang, K.: A new type of low density material: Shellular. Adv. Mater. 27, 5506 (2015).Google Scholar
Maskery, I., Aboulkhair, N.T., Aremu, A., Tuck, C., and Ashcroft, I.: Compressive failure modes and energy absorption in additively manufactured double gyroid lattices. Addit. Manuf. 16, 24–29 (2017).Google Scholar
Elliott, O., Gray, S., McClay, M., Nassief, B., Nunnelley, A., Vogt, E., Ekong, J., Kardel, K., Khoshkhoo, A., and Proaño, G.: Design and manufacturing of high surface area 3D-printed media for moving bed bioreactors for wastewater treatment. J. Contemp. Water Res. Educ. 160, 144 (2017).Google Scholar
Femmer, T., Kuehne, A.J., and Wessling, M.: Estimation of the structure dependent performance of 3-D rapid prototyped membranes. Chem. Eng. J. 273, 438 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sreedhar, N., Thomas, N., Al-Ketan, O., Rowshan, R., Hernandez, H., Abu Al-Rub, R.K., and Arafat, H.A.: 3D printed feed spacers based on triply periodic minimal surfaces for flux enhancement and biofouling mitigation in RO and UF. Desalination 425, 12 (2018).Google Scholar
Cvijović, D. and Klinowski, J.: The computation of the triply periodic I-WP minimal surface. Chem. Phys. Lett. 226, 93 (1994).Google Scholar
Michielsen, K. and Kole, J.: Photonic band gaps in materials with triply periodic surfaces and related tubular structures. Phys. Rev. B 68, 115107 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, S.: Boundary conditions for unit cells from periodic microstructures and their implications. Compos. Sci. Technol. 68, 1962 (2008).Google Scholar
Dalaq, A.S., Abueidda, D.W., Abu Al-Rub, R.K., and Jasiuk, I.M.: Finite element prediction of effective elastic properties of interpenetrating phase composites with architectured 3D sheet reinforcements. Int. J. Solids Struct. 83, 169 (2016).Google Scholar
Wang, C., Feng, L., and Jasiuk, I.: Scale and boundary conditions effects on the apparent elastic moduli of trabecular bone modeled as a periodic cellular solid. J. Biomech. Eng. 131, 121008 (2009).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Khaderi, S., Deshpande, V., and Fleck, N.: The stiffness and strength of the gyroid lattice. Int. J. Solids Struct. 51, 3866 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, D-W., Khan, K.A., and Abu Al-Rub, R.K.: Stiffness and yield strength of architectured foams based on the Schwarz Primitive triply periodic minimal surface. Int. J. Plast. 95(Suppl. C), 1 (2017).Google Scholar
Vigliotti, A., Deshpande, V.S., and Pasini, D.: Non linear constitutive models for lattice materials. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 64, 44 (2014).Google Scholar
Valdevit, L., Godfrey, S.W., Schaedler, T.A., Jacobsen, A.J., and Carter, W.B.: Compressive strength of hollow microlattices: Experimental characterization, modeling, and optimal design. J. Mater. Res. 28, 2461 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Bael, S., Kerckhofs, G., Moesen, M., Pyka, G., Schrooten, J., and Kruth, J-P.: Micro-CT-based improvement of geometrical and mechanical controllability of selective laser melted Ti6Al4V porous structures. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 528, 7423 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bagheri, Z.S., Melancon, D., Liu, L., Johnston, R.B., and Pasini, D.: Compensation strategy to reduce geometry and mechanics mismatches in porous biomaterials built with Selective Laser Melting. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 70, 17 (2017).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wauthle, R., Vrancken, B., Beynaerts, B., Jorissen, K., Schrooten, J., Kruth, J-P., and Van Humbeeck, J.: Effects of build orientation and heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of selective laser melted Ti6Al4V lattice structures. Addit. Manuf. 5, 77 (2015).Google Scholar
Sallica-Leva, E., Jardini, A., and Fogagnolo, J.: Microstructure and mechanical behavior of porous Ti–6Al–4V parts obtained by selective laser melting. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 26, 98 (2013).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Qiu, C., Yue, S., Adkins, N.J., Ward, M., Hassanin, H., Lee, P.D., Withers, P.J., and Attallah, M.M.: Influence of processing conditions on strut structure and compressive properties of cellular lattice structures fabricated by selective laser melting. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 628, 188 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deshpande, V., Ashby, M., and Fleck, N.: Foam topology: Bending versus stretching dominated architectures. Acta Mater. 49, 1035 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maxwell, J.C.: L. on the calculation of the equilibrium and stiffness of frames. London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philos. Mag. J. Sci. 27, 294 (1864).Google Scholar
Mazur, M., Leary, M., Sun, S., Vcelka, M., Shidid, D., and Brandt, M.: Deformation and failure behaviour of Ti–6Al–4V lattice structures manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM). Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 84, 1391 (2016).Google Scholar
Gibson, L.J. and Ashby, M.F.: Cellular Solids: Structure and Properties (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 1999).Google Scholar
Vigliotti, A. and Pasini, D.: Stiffness and strength of tridimensional periodic lattices. Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 229, 27 (2012).Google Scholar
Kadkhodapour, J., Montazerian, H., Darabi, A.C., Anaraki, A., Ahmadi, S., Zadpoor, A., and Schmauder, S.: Failure mechanisms of additively manufactured porous biomaterials: Effects of porosity and type of unit cell. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 50, 180 (2015).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kempen, K., Yasa, E., Thijs, L., Kruth, J-P., and Van Humbeeck, J.: Microstructure and mechanical properties of selective laser melted 18Ni-300 steel. Phys. Procedia 12, 255 (2011).Google Scholar