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Carbon nanofibers prepared by electrospinning accompanied with phase-separation method for supercapacitors: Effect of thermal treatment temperature

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 September 2017

Yongtao Tan ,
Dongshan Lin ,
Chang Liu ,
Wenchun Wang ,
Long Kang  and
Fen Ran Open the ORCID record for Fen Ran [Opens in a new window]
Yongtao Tan
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, People’s Republic of China; and School of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
Dongshan Lin
Affiliation:
School of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
Chang Liu
Affiliation:
School of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, People’s Republic of China; and Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
Wenchun Wang
Affiliation:
School of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
Long Kang
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, People’s Republic of China; and School of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
Fen Ran*
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, People’s Republic of China; and School of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] or [email protected]
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Abstract

Carbon nanofibers are prepared via the electrospinning method accompanied by the phase-separation process using polyacrylonitrile as a carbon precursor. Effects of preoxidation and carbonation temperatures on electrochemical performance are studied and optimized in detail. The morphology and porous structure are characterized by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and nitrogen adsorption and desorption measurements, respectively; the electrochemical performances are measured by the CHI660E workstation. The results show that the diameter of carbon nanofibers is about 150–200 nm with a uniform and smooth surface. The optimized preoxidation temperature is 280 °C with a carbonation temperature of 700 °C. The highest capacitance is up to 155 F/g, and the symmetric supercapacitor delivers a maximum energy density of 7.78 W h/kg with a power density of 400 W/kg and a maximum power density of 4000 W/kg with an energy density of 2.0 W h/kg. The symmetric supercapacitor also exhibits good cycle stability 91.0% of initial specific capacitance after 5000 cycles.

Keywords

electrode materialselectrospinningsupercapacitorsnanofiber
Type
Invited Article
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 33 , Issue 9: Focus Issue: Porous Carbon and Carbonaceous Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage , 14 May 2018 , pp. 1120 - 1130
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Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2017 

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Footnotes

b)

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Contributing Editor: Tianyu Liu

References

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