Policy on prior publication
When authors submit manuscripts to this journal, these manuscripts should not be under consideration, accepted for publication or in press within a different journal, book or similar entity, unless explicit permission or agreement has been sought from all entities involved. However, deposition of a preprint on the author’s personal website, in an institutional repository, or in a preprint archive shall not be viewed as prior or duplicate publication. Authors should follow the Cambridge University Press Preprint Policy regarding preprint archives and maintaining the version of record.
Preparing your Material:
The following instructions should be observed or the manuscript may be returned.
Each manuscript should be divided into sections on separate pages. These should be: title page, structured abstract and key words, text, acknowledgements, references, summary and tables. All text must be double spaced and should be typed in a 12 point font.
Illustrations should be separately appended.Written permission from the publisher to reproduce any material with copyright elsewhere must be obtained prior to submission.
Title page: This should contain (a) a title; (b) the names of all authors together with their principal higher qualification(s) and details of their departments or affiliated institution(s); (c) the name and address of the author responsible for correspondence. If the paper was presented at a meeting, the details must be given. The numbers of authors must be commensurate with the complexity of the submitted material. A fax number and e-mail address must be provided and will be used for correspondence.
Abstract and keywords: The abstract should be no longer than 150 words and should be structured. Keywords are used to index the article. Only the words appearing as Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) in the supplement to Index Medicus may ordinarily be used. These are also available at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html
Text: Main articles should contain the following headings: Introduction, Materials and methods, Results and analysis (including statistical analysis) and Discussion. Clinical Records and other submissions should normally comprise Introduction,Case report and a brief Discussion.
In all cases the Discussion should clearly indicate how the reported work fits with the current body of world literature. The text should be grammar and spell checked prior to submission.
All measurements must normally be reported in metric units. Only approved drug names should be used.
Acknowledgements: You may acknowledge individuals or organisations that provided advice, support (non-financial). Formal financial support and funding should be listed in the following section.
Financial Support: Please provide details of the sources of financial support, including grant numbers, for all authors,. For example, "This work was supported by the Medical Research Council (grant number XXXXXXX)". Multiple grant numbers should be separated by a comma and space, and where research was funded by more than one agency the different agencies should be separated by a semi-colon, with "and" before the final funder. Grants held by different authors should be identified as belonging to individual authors by the authors’ initials. For example, "This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust (A.B., grant numbers XXXX, YYYY), (C.D., grant number ZZZZ); the Natural Environment Research Council (E.F., grant number FFFF); and the National Institutes of Health (A.B., grant number GGGG), (E.F., grant number HHHH)". Where no specific funding has been provided for research, please provide the following statement: "This research received no specific grant from any funding agency, commercial or not-for-profit sectors."
Competing Interests: All authors must include a competing interest declaration in their manuscript. This declaration will be subject to editorial review and may be published in the article. Competing interests are situations that could be perceived to exert an undue influence on the content or publication of an author’s work. They may include, but are not limited to, financial, professional, contractual or personal relationships or situations. If the manuscript has multiple authors, the author submitting must include competing interest declarations relevant to all contributing authors.
Example wording for a declaration is as follows: “Competing interests: Author A is employed at company B. Author C owns shares in company D, is on the Board of company E and is a member of organisation F. Author G has received grants from company H.” If no competing interests exist, the declaration should state “Competing interests: The author(s) declare none”.
Ethical Standards: Where research involves human and/or animal experimentation, the following statements should be included (as applicable): "The authors assert that all procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional guidelines on human experimentation (please name) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008." and "The authors assert that all procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional guides on the care and use of laboratory animals (please name)."
For more information on the ethical standards and procedures of Cambridge Journals, please visit
https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/authors/publishing-ethics
English language editing services
Authors, particularly those whose first language is not English, may wish to have their English-language manuscripts checked by a native speaker before submission. This step is optional, but may help to ensure that the academic content of the paper is fully understood by the Editor and any reviewers.
In order to help prospective authors to prepare for submission and to reach their publication goals, Cambridge University Press offers a range of high-quality manuscript preparation services, including language editing. You can find out more on our language services page.
Please note that the use of any of these services is voluntary, and at the author's own expense. Use of these services does not guarantee that the manuscript will be accepted for publication, nor does it restrict the author to submitting to a Cambridge-published journal.
Competing Interests
All authors must include a competing interest declaration in their main manuscript file. This declaration will be subject to editorial review and may be published in the article.
Competing interests are situations that could be perceived to exert an undue influence on the content or publication of an author’s work. They may include, but are not limited to, financial, professional, contractual or personal relationships or situations.
If the manuscript has multiple authors, the author submitting must include competing interest declarations relevant to all contributing authors.
Example wording for a declaration is as follows: “Competing interests: Author 1 is employed at organisation A, Author 2 is on the Board of company B and is a member of organisation C. Author 3 has received grants from company D.” If no competing interests exist, the declaration should state “Competing interests: The author(s) declare none”.
References: The authors are responsible for verifying the accuracy of the references. The Vancouver system should be used. The references should be identified in the text by superscript Arabic numerals and be numbered and listed consecutively at the end of the manuscript in the order in which they are cited. References must include: names and initials of all authors (when more than six, give the first six followed by et al.); the title of the paper; the journal title abbreviated as in Index Medicus; year of publication; volume number; first and last page numbers. References to books should give the author(s)/editor(s), book title, place of publication, publisher and year. References to chapters in books should also include the chapter title, first and last page numbers, and the names and initials of chapter authors.
Endnote: For authors using Endnote, please note that there is a Journal of Laryngology & Otology referencing style available for use. This can be accessed and downloaded here: https://endnote.com/style_download/journal-of-laryngology-otology/. Please follow the instructions on this page to download the style to your computer.
Summary: A summary sheet should also be provided containing a précis, in bullet point format, of what is already known on the subject and what this paper adds to our understanding; this will be published in a box within the body of the text.
Tables: These should be adjuncts to the text, should have a separate legend and should be numbered consecutively with Roman numerals.
Authorship:Authorship credit should be based on criteria established by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE): (1) substantial contributions to conception and design, acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data; (2) acknowledgement of drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; (3) final approval of the version to be published; and (4) agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. Each author must meet all four conditions, and all authors should agree on author order and contributions before submitting the manuscript.
- The corresponding author will confirm authorship contributions, funding, and conflict(s) of interest as part of the submission process.
- All authors must sign a cover letter to indicate that they have read and approved the paper. The cover letter should also indicate the contribution of each author to the data collection and analysis, and drafting or revision of the paper.
- The journal will allow joint first authorship (no more than 2 joint first authors) only in cases where this is clearly justified. Shared co-first authorship is defined as two or more authors who have worked together on a publication and contributed equally. Joint first authors must be identified with an asterisk in the affiliations and denoted ‘Equal first authors’ at the end of the author listing on the title page of the manuscript. In the case of joint first authors, authors should outline in their cover letter the contributions of the two individuals referring to the CREDiT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy) nomenclature: please refer to https://casrai.org/credit/. CRediT contributor roles are defined as follows: Conceptualization; Data curation; Formal analysis; Funding acquisition; Investigation; Methodology; Project administration; Resources; Software; Supervision; Validation; Visualization; Roles/Writing - original draft; Writing - review and editing.
- Any changes to the author list after submission, such as a change in the order of the authors or the deletion or addition of authors, must be approved by every author. To request such a change, the corresponding author should write to the journal editors giving the reason for the change in the author listing, and provide written confirmation (e-mail, or letter) from all authors that they agree with the proposed addition, removal or rearrangement. In the case of the addition or removal of authors, the editors require written confirmation from the author being added or removed. Only in exceptional circumstances will the editors consider the addition, deletion or rearrangement of authors after a manuscript has been accepted.
Format for supplying electronic artwork.
To ensure that your figures are reproduced to the highest possible standards and your article is published as quickly and efficiently as possible, we recommend the following formats and resolutions for supplying electronic figures. Please ensure that your figures are saved at final publication size and are in our recommended file formats.
Line artwork (e.g. graphs, drawings histograms, diagrams) Format: tif or eps
Colour mode: black and white (also known as 1-bit) Resolution: 1200 dpi
Size: please size to final publication size
Combination artwork (line/tone) Format: tif or eps
Colour mode: greyscale (also known as 8-bit) Resolution: 800 dpi
Size: please size to final publication size
Black and white halftone artwork (e.g. photographs) Format: tif Colour mode: greyscale (also known as 8-bit) Resolution: 300 dpi Size: please size to final publication size
Colour halftone artwork (e.g. photographs) Format: tif
Colour mode: CMYK colour
Resolution: 300 dpi
Size: please size to final publication size
Illustrations:Where the photograph is of a patient a signed release giving specific consent to publication must also be submitted. For minors signed parental permission is required. Photomicrographs of histopathological specimens must be accompanied by details of the staining method and the magnification used.
To ensure that your figures are reproduced to the highest possible standards, please follow the artwork guidelines at www.cambridge.org/core/services/authors/journals/journals-artwork-guide
Authorship and contributorship
All authors listed on any papers submitted to this journal must be in agreement that the authors listed would all be considered authors according to disciplinary norms, and that no authors who would reasonably be considered an author have been excluded. For further details on this journal’s authorship policy, please see this journal's publishing ethics policies.
Author affiliations
Author affiliations should represent the institution(s) at which the research presented was conducted and/or supported and/or approved. For non-research content, any affiliations should represent the institution(s) with which each author is currently affiliated.
For more information, please see our author affiliation policy and author affiliation FAQs.
ORCID
We require all corresponding authors to identify themselves using ORCID when submitting a manuscript to this journal. ORCID provides a unique identifier for researchers and, through integration with key research workflows such as manuscript submission and grant applications, provides the following benefits:
- Discoverability: ORCID increases the discoverability of your publications, by enabling smarter publisher systems and by helping readers to reliably find work that you have authored.
- Convenience: As more organisations use ORCID, providing your iD or using it to register for services will automatically link activities to your ORCID record, and will enable you to share this information with other systems and platforms you use, saving you re-keying information multiple times.
- Keeping track: Your ORCID record is a neat place to store and (if you choose) share validated information about your research activities and affiliations.
See our ORCID FAQs for more information.
If you don’t already have an iD, you will need to create one if you decide to submit a manuscript to this journal. You can register for one directly from your user account on ScholarOne, or alternatively via https://ORCID.org/register.
If you already have an iD, please use this when submitting your manuscript, either by linking it to your ScholarOne account, or by supplying it during submission using the "Associate your existing ORCID iD" button.
ORCIDs can also be used if authors wish to communicate to readers up-to-date information about how they wish to be addressed or referred to (for example, they wish to include pronouns, additional titles, honorifics, name variations, etc.) alongside their published articles. We encourage authors to make use of the ORCID profile’s “Published Name” field for this purpose. This is entirely optional for authors who wish to communicate such information in connection with their article. Please note that this method is not currently recommended for author name changes: see Cambridge’s author name change policy if you want to change your name on an already published article. See our ORCID FAQs for more information.
Supplementary materials
Material that is not essential to understanding or supporting a manuscript, but which may nonetheless be relevant or interesting to readers, may be submitted as supplementary material. Supplementary material will be published online alongside your article, but will not be published in the pages of the journal. Types of supplementary material may include, but are not limited to, appendices, additional tables or figures, datasets, videos, and sound files.
Supplementary materials will not be typeset or copyedited, so should be supplied exactly as they are to appear online. Please see our general guidance on supplementary materials for further information.
Where relevant we encourage authors to publish additional qualitative or quantitative research outputs in an appropriate repository, and cite these in manuscripts.
Author Hub
You can find guides for many aspects of publishing with Cambridge at Author Hub, our suite of resources for Cambridge authors.