It is argued that two variables of Modern French (the negative particle ne and the consonant l of clitic pronouns such as il) are indeed indices of ongoing linguistic change, even though this change appears to be of long duration. This conclusion is based not only on the distribution of the variables in a corpus of natural French discourse, but also on independent linguistic evidence, together with the available historical record. In the absence of adequate ‘real-time’ data, variationist analysis yielding synchronic, “apparent-time” data provides a useful means of charting the drift of the language.

The radical structural distinction often proposed between pseudo-partitive (i.e. beaucoup de problèmes) and partitive (i.e. beaucoup des problèmes épineux) is argued to be the by-product of too restrictive a view of the internal structure of the noun phrase in French. A more articulated nominal phrase structure is adopted here, one which makes. use of the idea of the determiner being itself the head of a functional projection (the so-called DP-panalysis). This DP approach to partitive and pseudo-partitive configurations, it is proposed, also allows for a reappraisal of what are traditionally termed the partitive and plural indefinite article (i.e. du, de la, de l' and des).

Le français possède une structure syntaxique liée à ce qu'on pourrait appeler la ‘caractérisation intrinsèque d'un être', et illustrée par la phrase Clotilde a les yeux verts. La classe des substantifs compatibles avec la position d'objet direct dans cette structure est en principe limitée, du fait même du sens global dc celle-ci, aux mots désignant des ‘parties inaliénables d'animés’. Il est montré, cependant, que de nombreux substantifs, dont la définition ne comporte pas ce sème, peuvent être insérés dans la construction et y recevoir le sens de ‘comportement humain’ comme, par exemple, dans Le vainqueur a le triomphe modeste. On tient lè une illustration intéressante d'un phénomène d'influence sémantique du sens global attaché à une structure formelle sur le sens de l'un de ses constituants.

The aim of the article is to explore a small corner of the interface between micro-characteristics of texts – such as sentence syntax – and the macroproperty of textual coherence, in the context of second-language academic writing. French and English passives are analysed in terms of their information-packaging role in essays in English LI, and French LI and L2. The analysis provides insights into the role of passives in academic writing in both languages and into some specific problems for English-speaking learners of French: in particular it throws some light on the excessive – and often erroneous – use of on, regarded as a substitute for the English passive.

L'objet de cet article est l'étude des processus d'élision et de liaison en français de Marseille. Une attention particulière est accordée aux mots avec initiale vocalique ou semi-vocalique qui bloquent ces processus. La recherche des principes qui régissent leur application dans le parler en question révèle un certain nombre de régularités. On est ainsi amené à considérer le H aspiré comme une position démarcative plutôt qu'une position phonémique vide. D'autre part, on constate une corrélation nette et non fortuite entre le comportement des séquences semi-voyelle + voyelle (à l'initiale du mot) en contexte de liaison/élision, les règles de construction de la syllabe, et les contraintes distributionnelles. La découverte de cette corrélation permet de déterminer quelles règles productives sont à l'oeuvre en discours aux frontières de mot. Elle conduit aussi à une révision de l'analyse de la structure syllabique.

Prescriptive attitudes to language seem to be more deeply engrained in France than in many other speech-communities. This article traces their development between the sixteenth century and the present day within the model of language standardization proposed by E. Haugen and in the light of the notion of ‘standard ideology’ proposed by J. and L. Milroy. It will be argued that early definitions of what was considered ‘the best French’ were based simply on the observed usage of ‘the best people’; later it was felt that the standard required more permanent jusitification, giving rise to the idea that the ‘best French’ was the ‘best’ because it was the variety most closely in line with clarity and reason; a third stage was reached with the French Revolution when this variety of French became mandatory for everyone wishing to be considered ‘French’ and ‘reasonable’. Powerful institutional forces are engaged in promoting and maintaining this ideology in contemporary France, but excessive rigidity in the traditional standard in the face of the alternative norms which exert countervailing pressures on speakers could lead to a sitution of diglossia.