Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T10:26:28.028Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Delivering Coal by Road and Rail in Britain: The Efficiency of the “Silly Little Bobtailed” Coal Wagons

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2009

Va Nee L. Van Vleck
Affiliation:
formerly Visiting Assistant Professor of Economics at Gustavus Adolphus College, Grinnell College, and Nebraska Wesleyan Universityand is currently an independent scholar in Modesto, CA.

Abstract

The small railway coal wagon was an early example held up to demonstrate Edwardian Britain’s technological stagnation. The small wagons have been blamed for inflated rail freight rates and depressed railway profits. What has been overlooked is that the small wagon was integral to the local coal market. The coal wagon was a substitute for costly distribution and delivery by road transport; although some railway specific costs may have been inflated, beyond the railhead other costs were economized. Seen in the appropriate context the small coal wagon was neither a bad choice nor an oddity.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Economic History Association 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Ackworth, W.M. and Paish, G.British Railways: Their Accounts and Statistics.” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 75 (1912): 687730.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
American Petroleum Institute. Petroleum Facts and Figures. Baltimore: American Petroleum Institute, 1930.Google Scholar
Brain, Arthur W.. “Competing Technologies, Increasing Returns, and Lock-In by Historical Events.” Economic Journal 99 (03 1989): 116131.Google Scholar
Bagwell, Philip S.The Transport Revolution From 1770. London: Batsford, 1974.Google Scholar
Barker, T.C. “The Delayed Decline of the Horse in the Twentieth Century.” in Horse on European Economic History edited by Thompson, F.M.L., 101–12. Reading: Agricultural History Society, 1983.Google Scholar
Barker, T.C.The International History of Motor Trasnport.” Journal of Contemporary History 20 (1985): 320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cain, Peter J.The British Railway Rates Problem 1894–1914.” Business History 20, no. 1 (1978): 8799.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cain, Peter J.Private Enterprise or Public Utility?Journal of Transport History, 3rd ser., 1, no. 1 (1980): 928.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Charrington, John. “Road Distribution and Depot Work.” In Coal: Production, Distribution, and Utilisation edited by Pope, P. C.. London: Industrial Newspapers, 1949.Google Scholar
Chivers, Keith. “The Supply of Horses in Great Britain in the Nineteenth Centuiy.” In Horses in European Economic History edited by Thompson, F. M. L., 2149. Reading: British Agricultural History Society, 1983.Google Scholar
Church, R. A.The History of the British Coal Industry, Vol. 3, 1830–1913: Victorian Pre–eminence. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.Google Scholar
Colliery, Guardian. Digest of Evidence Given Before The Royal Commission on Coal Supplies 1901–1905. London: Chichester Press, 1906.Google Scholar
Collins, E. J. T. “The Farm Horse Economy of England and Wales in the Early Tractor Age 1900–40.” in Horses in European Economic History edited by Thompson, F. M. L., 7397. Reading: British Agricultural History Society, 1983.Google Scholar
David, Paul A. “The Landscape and the Machine.” in Essays on a Mature Economy: Brtiain After 1840 edited by McCloskey, Donald N., 165205. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1971.Google Scholar
David, Paul A.Clio and the Economics of QUERTY.” American Economic Review 75, no. 2 (05 1985): 332–37.Google Scholar
Dobson, C. G.A Century and a Quarter. London: Eden Fisher & CO., 1951.Google Scholar
Feinstein, C.H.National Income, Expenditure and Output of the United Kingdom 1855–1965. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1972.Google Scholar
Fenelon, K.G.Railway Economics. London: Methuen, 1932.Google Scholar
Fishlow, Albert. American Railroads and the Transformation of the Ante–Bellum Economy. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1965.Google Scholar
Frankel, Marvin. “Obsolescence and Technological Change in a Maturing Economy.” American Economic Review 45, no. 3 (06 1955): 296319.Google Scholar
Gerhold, Dorian. “The Growth of the London Carrying Trade, 1681–1838.” Economic History Review 41 (08 1988): 392410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gordon, W. J.The Horse–World of London. London: Religious Tract Society, 1893; reprint, Newton Abbot: David & Charles, 1971.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holt, John Bradshaw. German Agricultural Policy 1918–1934. New York: Russell & Russell, 1975: first published by the University of North Carolina Press, 1936.Google Scholar
Hudson, Bill. Private Owner Wagons. Vol. 1. Poole: Oxford Publishing Co., 1976.Google Scholar
Irving, R. J.The Profitability and Performance of British Railways 1870–1914Economic History Review 31, no. 1 (1978): 4666.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacobs, Alfred and Richter, Hans. Die Grosshandelspreise in Deutschland von 1794 bis 1934. Berlin: Hanseatische Verlagsanstalt Hamburg, 1935.Google Scholar
Jenkins, Gilbert. Oil Economists’ Handbook. London: Applied Science Publishers, 1977.Google Scholar
Kahn-Freund, Otto. The Law of Carriage by Inland Tranport. London: Stevens, 1949.Google Scholar
Kindleberger, Charles P.Obsolescence and Technical ChangeBulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics and Statistics 23 (1961): 281–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kumar, S., and Singh, S.P.. “Threshold Stress Criterion in New Wheel/Rail Interaction for Limiting Rail Damage Under Heavy Axle Loads.” Journal of Engineering for Industry 114 (08 1992): 284–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Langdon, John. “Horse Hauling: A Revolution in Vehicle Transport in Twelfth– and Thirteenth Century England.” Past & Present 103 (05 1984): 3766.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Le, Guillou M.Freight Rates and Their Influence on The Black Country Iron Trade in a Period of Growing Domestic and Foreign Competition, 1850–1914.” Journal of Transport History 3 (1975): 108–18.Google Scholar
Lee, Clive. “The Service Industries”, In The Economic History of Britian Since 1700 edited by Roderick, Floud and Donald, McCloskey, 2nd edn., Vol. 2: 18601939, 117–44. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Mitchell, , Brain, R.Economic Development of the British Coal Industry 1800–1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.Google Scholar
Mitchell, , Brian, R.British Historical Statistics. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Moeller, , Robert, G.German Peasans and Agrarian Politics 1914–1924. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1986.Google Scholar
Munby, D. L.Inland Transport Statistics. Great Britain. 1900–1970. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978.Google Scholar
Pratt, , Edwin, A.Canals and Traders: The Argument Pictorial. London: P. S. King and Son, 1910.Google Scholar
Robertson, , Bruce, . Wheels of the RAF. Cambridge, England: Patrick Stephens, 1983.Google Scholar
Salter, W. E. G.Productivity and Technical Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1960.Google Scholar
Sherrington, C. E. R.The Economics of Rail Transport in Great Britain. 2 vols. London: Edward Arnold, 1928.Google Scholar
Szostak, , Rick, . The Role of Transportation in the Industrial Revolution. Montreal: McGill-Queen’University Press, 1991.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, F. M. L.Victorian England: The Horse–Drawn Society. London: Bedford College, University of London, 1970.Google Scholar
Thompson, F. M. L.Nineteenth–Century Horse Sense.” Economic History Review, 2nd ser. 29, no. 1 (1976): 6081.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, F. M. L. “Horses and Hay” In Horses in European Economic History edited by Thompson, F. M. L., 5072. Reading: British Agricultural History Society, 1983.Google Scholar
Turnbull, , Gerard, . Traffic and Transport. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1979.Google Scholar
United Kingdom. Board of Trade. Report on the Number Capacity, and Construction of Private Traders’ Railway Wagons in Great Britain at 1st August 1918. London: HMSO, 1919.Google Scholar
United Kingdom. Mines Department. Retail Prices and Qualities of Household Coal. Cmd. 2185. 1924.Google Scholar
United Kingdom. Parliament. Royal Commission on Coal Supplies. Second Report. Minutes of Evidence and Appendices. Cd. 1991. 1904.Google Scholar
United Kingdom. Parliament. Royal Commission on Canals and Waterways. [Second Report] England and Scotland, Evidence and Appendices, Cd. 3718. 1907.Google Scholar
United Kingdom. Parliament. Report by the Committee Appointed By the Board of Trade to Inquire into the Causes of the Present Rise in the Retail Price of Coal Sold for Domestic Use. Cd. 7866. 1915.Google Scholar
United Kingdom. Parliament. Committee Appointed By the Board of Trade to Inquire into the Causes of the Present Rise in the Retail Price of Coal Sold for Domestic Use. Minutes of Evidence with Appendix. Cd. 7923. 1915.Google Scholar
United Kingdom. Parliament. Statutory Rules and Orders. No. 954. Cd. 8771. 1917.Google Scholar
United Kingdom. Parliament. Findings By A Committee Appointed to Enquire into the Effect on Road Transport Rates Caused By An Alleged Existence of A Combine. Cmd. 549. 1920.Google Scholar
United Kingdom. Standing Committee on Mineral Transport. First Report to the Minister of Transport and the Secretary of Mines. Cmd. 3420. 1929.Google Scholar
United States. Department of Commerce. Historical Statistics of the United States: From Colonial limes to 1970. Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1975.Google Scholar
Van, Vleck, Va, Nee L. “Reassessing Technological Backwardness: Absolving the ‘Silly Little Bobtailed’ Coal Car.” Ph.D. diss., University of Iowa, 1993.Google Scholar
Veblen, , Thorstein, . Imperial Germany and the Industrial Revolution, reprinted, New York: Augustus M. Kelley, 1964.Google Scholar
White, , Halbert, . “A Heteroskedasticity–Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct Test for Heteroskedasticity.” Econometrica 48, no. 4 (1980): 817–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar