Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T11:04:02.509Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Composition and characteristics of camel milk

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 June 2009

Zakaria Farah
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Dairy Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) ETH-Zentrum, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Review Article
Copyright
Copyright © Proprietors of Journal of Dairy Research 1993

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abdel-Rahim, A. G. 1987 World Review of Animal Production 23(1) 912Google Scholar
Abo-Elnaga, I. G., El-Sadek, G. M. & El-Sokary, A. M. 1966 Milchwissenschaft 21 210215Google Scholar
Abu-Lehia, I. H. 1987 Milchwissenschaft 42 368371Google Scholar
Abu-Lehia, I. H. 1989 Food Chemistry 34 261272CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abu-Lehia, I. H., Al-Mohizea, I. S. & El-Behery, M. 1989 Australian Journal of Dairy Technology 44 3436Google Scholar
Akroyd, P. 1968 In Chromatographic and Electrophoretic Techniques, vol. 2, Zone Electrophoresis, 2nd edn, pp. 399413 (Ed. Smith, I.). London: William Heinemann Medical BooksGoogle Scholar
Ali, M. Z. & Robinson, R. K. 1985 Journal of Dairy Research 52 303307CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aschaffenburg, R. 1963 Journal of Dairy Research 30 259260CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aschaffenburg, R. & Drewry, J. 1959 15th International Dairy Congress, London 3 16311637Google Scholar
Barbour, E. K., Nabbut, N. H., Frerichs, W. M. & Al-Nakhli, H. M. 1984 Journal of Food Protection 47 838840CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bayoumi, S. 1990 Kieler Milchwirtschaftliche Forschungsberichte 42 38Google Scholar
Beg, O. U., Von Bahr-Lindsthöm, H., Zaidi, Z. H. & Jörnvall, H. 1984 Bioscience Reports 4 10651070CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beg, O. U., Von Bahr-Lindström, H., Zaidi, Z. H. & Jörnvall, H. 1985 European Journal of Biochemistry 147 233239CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beg, O. U., Von Bahr-Lindström, H., Zaidi, Z. H. & Jörnvall, H. 1986 European Journal of Biochemistry 159 195201CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beg, O. U., Von Bahr-Lindström, H., Zaidi, Z. H. & Jörnvall, H. 1987 FEBS Letters 216 270274CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bremaud, O. 1969 [Notes on Camel Production in the Northern Districts of the Republic of Kenya.] 105pp. Maisons-Alfort: Institut de l'Élevage et des Médecins Vétérinaires des Pays TropicauxGoogle Scholar
Brown, R. J. & Ernstrom, C. A. 1988 In Fundamentals of Dairy Chemistry, 3rd edn, pp. 609633 (Ed. Wong, N. P.), New York: Van Nostrand ReinholdCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bulliet, R. W. 1975 The Camel and the Wheel. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University PressGoogle Scholar
Bürgemeister, R. 1974 [Problems of Dromedary Behaviour and Husbandry in South Tunisia.] 95pp. Dissertation, Institut für Tropische Veterinärmedizin, GiessenGoogle Scholar
Cauvet, G. 1925 Les Chameaux. Paris: BaillièreGoogle Scholar
Chandan, R. C., Parry, R. M. & Shahani, K. M. 1968 Journal of Dairy Science 51 606607CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapman, M. J. 1985 World Animal Review no. 55 1419Google Scholar
Ciba-Geigy, 1977 Wissenschaftliche Tabellen, p. 211. Basel: Ciba-Geigy AGGoogle Scholar
Cole, D. P. 1975 Nomads of the Nomads: the Almurrah Bedouin of the Empty Quarter. Chicago, IL: Aldine Publishing CorporationGoogle Scholar
Conti, A., Godovac-Zimmermann, J., Napolitano, L. & Liberatori, J. 1985 Milchwissemchaft 40 673675Google Scholar
Dalgleish, D. G. 1982 In Developments in Dairy Chemistry–1 Proteins, pp. 157187 (Ed. Fox, P. F.). London: Applied Science PublishersGoogle Scholar
Davies, D. T. & White, J. C. D. 1966 Journal of Dairy Research 33 6781CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Desai, H. K., Patel, J. N., Pandya, A. J., Upadhyay, K. G. & Vyas, S. H. 1982 Gujarat Agricultural University Research Journal 7 131132Google Scholar
Dhingra, D. R. 1934 Biochemical Journal 28 7378Google Scholar
Eigel, W. N., Butler, J. E., Ernstrom, C. A., Farrell, H. M., Harwalkar, V. R., Jenness, R. & Whitney, R. McL. 1984 Journal of Dairy Science 67 15991631CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ekstrand, B., Larsson-Raźnikiewicz, M. & Perlmann, C. 1980 Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 630 361366CrossRefGoogle Scholar
El-Amin, F. M. 1979 IFS (International Foundation for Science) Provisional Reports no. 6 3554Google Scholar
El-Bahay, G. M. 1962 Veterinary Medical Journal 8(9) 718Google Scholar
El-Sayed, I., El-Agamy, S. L., Ruppanner, R., Ismail, A., Champagne, C. P. & Assaf, R. 1992 Journal of Dairy Research 59 169175Google Scholar
FAO 1979 Statistical Yearbook. Rome: FAOGoogle Scholar
Farah, Z. 1986 Milchwissenschaft 41 763765Google Scholar
Farah, Z. & Atkins, D. 1992 Journal of Dairy Research 59 229231CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farah, Z. & Bachmann, M. R. 1987 Milchwissenschaft 42 689692Google Scholar
Farah, Z. & Farah-Riesen, M. 1985 Milchwissenschaft 40 669671Google Scholar
Farah, Z., Rettenmayer, R. & Atkins, D. 1992 International Journal of Vitamin and Nutrition Research 62 3033Google Scholar
Farah, Z. & Rüegg, M. W. 1989 Food Microstructure 8 211216Google Scholar
Farah, Z. & Rüegg, M. 1991 Journal of Dairy Science 74 29012904CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farah, Z., Streiff, T. & Bachmann, M. R. 1989 Milchwissenschaft 44 412414Google Scholar
Field, C. R. 1979 IFS (International Foundation of Science) Provisional Report no. 6 215240Google Scholar
Foltmann, B., Jensen, A. L., Lonblad, P., Smidt, E. & Axelsen, N. H. 1981 Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 68B 913Google Scholar
Fox, P. F. 1982 In Developments in Dairy Chemistry–1 Proteins, pp. 189228 (Ed. Fox, P. F.). London: Applied Science PublishersGoogle Scholar
Fox, P. F. & Hoynes, M. C. T. 1976 Journal of Dairy Research 43 433442CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gast, M., Maubois, J. L. & Adda, J. 1969 Le Lait et Les Produits Laitiers en Ahaggar. Paris: Centre de Recherches en Anthropologie Préhistorique et EthnologieGoogle Scholar
Gauthier-Pilters, H. & Dagg, A. I. 1981 The Camel. Its Evolution, Ecology, Behavior and Relationship to Man. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago PressGoogle Scholar
Glass, R. L., Troolin, H. A. & Jenness, R. 1967 Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 22 415425CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gnan, S. O. & Sheriha, A. M. 1986 Australian Journal of Dairy Technology 41 3335Google Scholar
Gouda, A., El-Zayat, A. & El-Shabrawy, S. A. 1984 Annals of Agricultural Science 29 755762Google Scholar
Hagrass, A. E., Hassan, A. A., Soryal, K. A., Mervat, A. S. & El-Shabrawy, S. A. 1987 Egyptian Journal of Food Science 15 1525Google Scholar
Hartley, B. J. 1979 IFS (International Foundation for Science) Provisional Reports no. 6 109123Google Scholar
Hassan, A. A., Hagrass, A. E., Soryal, K. A. & El-Shabrawy, S. A. 1987 Egyptian Journal of Food Science 15 114Google Scholar
Herian, K. & Krčál, Z. 1971 Průmysl Potravin 22 137139Google Scholar
Hipp, N. J., Groves, M. Lc., Custer, J. H. & McMeekin, T. L. 1952 Journal of Dairy Science 35 272281CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoynes, M. C. T. & Fox, P. F. 1975 Journal of Dairy Research 42 4356CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kiwuwa, G. H. 1973 East African Agricultural & Forestry Journal 39 110119CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knoess, K. H. 1977 World Animal Review No. 22 3944Google Scholar
Knoess, K. H. 1979 IFS (International Foundation for Science) Provisional Reports no. 6 109123Google Scholar
Knoess, K. H., Makhudum, A. J., Rafiq, M. & Hafeez, M. 1986 World Animal Review no. 57 1121Google Scholar
Kon, S. K. 1959 Milk and Milk Products in Human Nutrition. Rome: FAO (FAO Nutrition Studies no. 17, p. 6)Google Scholar
Larson, B. L. & Rolleri, G. D. 1955 Journal of Dairy Science 38 351360CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larsson-Raźnikiewicz, M. & Mohamed, M. A. 1986 Swedish Journal of Agricultural Research 16 1318Google Scholar
McMahon, D. J. & Brown, R. J. 1982 Journal of Dairy Science 65 16391642CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mehala, M. A., Abou El-Kheir, A. M. & Hablas, M. A. 1988 Milchwissenschaft 43 438441Google Scholar
Mehala, M. A. & Al-Kahnal, M. A. 1989 Nutrition Reports International 39 351357Google Scholar
Mehala, M. A. & Cheryan, M. 1983 Milchwissenschaft 38 137140Google Scholar
Melachouris, N. P. & Tuckey, S. L. 1966 Journal of Dairy Science 49 11541156CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mohamed, M. A., Mursal, A. I. & Larsson-Raźnikiewicz, M. 1989 Milchwissenschaft 44 278280Google Scholar
Morrison, W. R. 1968 a Lipids 3 107110CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morrison, W. R. 1968 b Lipids 3 101103CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morrison, W. R., Jack, E. L. & Smith, L. M. 1965 Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 42 11421147CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mulder, H. & Walstra, P. 1974 The Milk Fat Globule: emulsion science as applied to milk products and comparable foods, p. 147. Farnham Royal: Commonwealth Agricultural BureauxGoogle Scholar
Pant, R. & Chandra, P. 1980 Milchwissenschaft 35 9193Google Scholar
Parkash, S. & Jenness, R. 1968 Dairy Science Abstracts 30 6787Google Scholar
Precht, D., Peters, K. H. & Petersen, J. 1987 Milchwissenschaft 42 776781Google Scholar
Ramet, J. P. 1987 World Animal Review no. 61 1116Google Scholar
Rao, C. K. 1974 Scheme for the Improvement of Indian Camels: to What extent camels are milked and what the approximate yield is. New Delhi: Mimeo Item no. 12Google Scholar
Rao, M. B., Gupta, R. C. & Dastur, N. N. 1970 Indian Journal of Dairy Science 23 7178Google Scholar
Renner, E. 1991 Dictionary of Milk and Dairying, p. 12. München: Volkswirtschaftliche VerlagGoogle Scholar
Ribadeau Dumas, B. & Garnier, J. 1969 Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences D Sciences Naturelles 268 25042506Google Scholar
Rose, D. 1963 Dairy Science Abstracts 25 4552Google Scholar
Rowland, S. J. 1938 Journal of Dairy Research 9 3041CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rüegg, M. & Blanc, B. 1982 Food Microstructure 1 2547Google Scholar
Sawaya, W. N., Khalil, J. K., Al-Shalhat, A. & Al-Mohammad, H. 1984 Journal of Food Science 39 744747CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmidt-Nielsen, K. 1964 Desert Animals: physiological problems of heat and water. Oxford: University PressGoogle Scholar
Sestucheva, V. 1958 Molochnaya Promyshlennost' 19 3339Google Scholar
Shalash, M. R. 1979 IFS (International Foundation for Science) Provisional Reports no. 6 285290Google Scholar
Simpson, G. G. 1945 The Principles of Classification and a Classification of Mammals. New York: American Museum of Natural History (Bulletin 85 1350)Google Scholar
Spencer, P. 1973 Nomads in Alliance: symbiosis and growth among the Rendille and Sambutu of Kenya, 230 pp. London:Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar
Tessier, H. & Rose, D. 1964 Journal of Dairy Science 47 10471051CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Urbisinov, Zh. K., Servetnik-Chalaya, G. K. & Izatullaev, E. A. 1981 Voprosy Pitaniya no. 6 4142 (Dairy Science Abstracts 45 693)Google Scholar
Wahba, A., El-Abbassy, F., Ismail, I. & El-Agamy, S. I. 1988 Egyptian Journal of Dairy Science 16 1922Google Scholar
Wangoh, J., Farah, Z. & Puhan, Z. 1993 Milchwissenschaft 48 322325Google Scholar
Whitney, R. McL., Brunner, J. R., Ebner, K. E., Farrell, H. M., Josephson, R. V., Morr, C. V. & Swaisgood, H. E. 1976 Journal of Dairy Science 59 795815CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, R. T. 1984 The Camel. Harlow: Longman GroupGoogle Scholar
Yagil, R. 1982 Camels and Camel Milk. Rome: FAO (FAO Animal Production and Health Paper no. 26)Google Scholar
Yagil, R. 1985 The Desert Camel. Comparative Physiological Adaptation. Basel: KargerGoogle Scholar
Yagil, R. & Etzion, Z. 1980 Journal of Dairy Research 47 159166CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zeuner, F. E. 1963 A History of Domesticated Animals. London: HutchinsonGoogle Scholar