OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) can lead to pain, disability, and permanent spinal cord impairment. Timely diagnosis and surgical intervention is essential to optimize functional outcomes for patients with CSM. Here, we compared patients who were admitted through clinic versus the emergency department (ED) for surgical management of DCM. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Patients aged ≥18 years admitted for surgery for DCM through clinic (elective cohort) were compared to a surgical cohort who were evaluated through the ED (call cohort). Basic demographics included age, gender, race, ethnicity, and insurance payor. Sociodemographic characteristics were estimated using the Social Deprivation Index (SDI) and the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) for the state of California, which were obtained through aggregated Zip Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA). Cervical MRI was reviewed to assess severity of spinal cord compression. Other outcomes included number of motion segments operated on, functional outcome using the Nurick classification, length of stay (LOS), disposition, and 30-day reoperation and readmission rates. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: From 2015 to 2021, 327 DCM patients received surgery (227 Elective Cohort, 100 Call Cohort). Elective cohort was mainly female (48.0 vs 30.0%, p=0.002) and white (72.7 vs 51.0%, p=0.0001). Call cohort was mainly uninsured/covered by Medicare/Medicaid (78.0 vs 67.0%, p=0.04), had higher SDI (68.0 vs 56.2, p=0.0003), ADI (7.9 vs 7.2, p=0.009), and cervical cord compression on MRI (78.0 vs 42.3% Grade III, p DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Compared to DCM patients undergoing elective surgery, those admitted through the ED were more likely to be male, non-White, and socioeconomically disadvantaged, as measured by SDI and ADI. Postoperative outcomes were less favorable for these patients, including longer hospital stay, discharge disposition, and less Nurick grading improvement.

Funding for large research initiatives, such as those funded through the National Institutes of Health U mechanism, has increased since 2010; however, there is little published research on how to evaluate the success of such initiatives. Here, we describe the collaborative evaluation planning process undertaken by the Interactions Core of the Collaborating for the Advancement of Interdisciplinary Research in Benign Urology (CAIRIBU) research community, a clinical and translational research initiative funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Evaluation is necessary to measure the impact of our work and to allow for continuous improvement efforts of CAIRIBU activities and initiatives. We developed and implemented an iterative seven-step process that engaged the Interactions Core, NIDDK program staff, and grantees at each step of the planning process. Challenges faced in planning and implementing the evaluation plan included the time burden on investigators to submit new data for evaluations, finite time and resources for evaluation work, and the development of infrastructure for the evaluation plan. We call on funding agencies to include more explicit requirements for evaluation participation from grantees, as well as dedicated funding to support the evaluation process, in future funding opportunity announcements for large research consortia.

ABSTRACT IMPACT: The goal of this evaluation study is to enhance the ability of the External Review Board to advise the CTSA at UTMB how to improve translational science activities. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the work of the External Review Board (EAB) for the Institute for Translational Sciences/CTSA at the University of Texas Medical Branch-Galveston. This evaluation is conducted through the perceptions of professional and community board members. The outcome consists of an inventory of best practices. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We collected data by means of semi-structured interviews with all eight member of the EAB. The interviews were conducted via telephone, lasted approximately 30 minutes each, and were audio-recorded with respondents’ permission. Respondents’ identities were held in confidence. The IRB at UTMB reviewed our study. The interviews were transcribed. The data were analyzed by means of an inductively-oriented, grounded theory approach (Charmaz, 2006). Emergent themes led to the formation of a series of best practices. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Common concerns included the need for more extensive training for new members; circulation of the agenda before the meeting; and the value of more structured main leadership. The members generally agreed that the breakout groups were valuable because they encouraged them to engage in hands-on responses to practical problems. One of the key epistemological findings was the consensus view that the evaluation of the EAB should be an ongoing project, as opposed to a yearly task. This serious approach to evaluation would be conducive to a process analysis of the EAB, since medical, social, economic, and cultural conditions surrounding and influencing translational science are generally in flux (e.g., the COVID-19 pandemic and the various stages in the CTSA grant). Overall, the EAB experience was quite positive for them. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: The strongest sentiment expressed in the interviews was that the CTSA at UTMB should focus and build on its strength--the science of team science--as opposed to any concerted search for weaknesses that the term “evaluation” occasionally implies.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: (1) Provide basic brain knowledge about development and resiliency. (2) Develop an understanding of how a mother can impact a child’s brain development. (3) Foster a sense of agency to increase the likelihood that a mother will enact positive changes. (4) Develop the ability to recognize a connection between one’s own behaviors and a child’s development and behaviors. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Tested the efficacy of a 4-week intervention program on neurodevelopment for homeless mothers. Mothers (n=4) residing at the Center for the Homeless in South Bend, IN were recruited. Used community partner feedback, weekly surveys, and pre/post tests to look at changes in basic content knowledge, behavioral change, and self-efficacy. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Preliminary results indicate an increase in knowledge about neurodevelopment, although results on behavioral changes are inconclusive. The program is anticipated to run a second time with a new group of parents residing in the Center for the Homeless to increase sample size. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Anticipated that the results will add to the existing literature concerning effective interventions in strengthening parenting and neuroscience knowledge in vulnerable populations.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: People experiencing homelessness vs. housed peers have higher rates of substance use disorders as well as increased emergency medical services (EMS) use. However, it is unknown if EMS administers naloxone at different rates to people experiencing homelessness. We address if patient housing status impacts naloxone administration by EMS providers. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of electronic patient care reports (ePCRs) for all 911-incidents attended by the Los Angeles Fire Department (LAFD) during the study period, January to December 2018. Individuals who were medically assessed by the LAFD and who were administered naloxone by LAFD EMS were included. Exclusion criteria was incomplete ePCRs. The primary outcome was prevalence of EMS naloxone administration by housing status in the city of Los Angeles. We used descriptive statistics and a logistic regression model to examine differences in care. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Naloxone was administered in 2,438 of the 345,190 incidents that occurred during the study period. 608 (25%) incidents involved people experiencing homelessness. Top indications for naloxone administration were similar in both groups: overdose, altered consciousness and cardiac arrest. Of those who received naloxone, people experiencing homelessness were more likely to be male (82% v 67%) and younger (41 v 46 years). People experiencing homelessness were more likely to receive naloxone (OR 2.6, 95% CI 2.4-2.9). People experiencing homelessness received naloxone at a rate of 44 times that of housed peers. A logistic regression model adjusting for gender, age, respiratory depression and transport status showed people experiencing homelessness remained more likely to receive naloxone (OR 2.3, 95% CI 2.0-2.5). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Emergency medical services are more likely to administer naloxone to people experiencing homelessness than housed peers. There is a need to identify bias and factors that impact prehospital care and patient outcomes of people experiencing homelessness. New care pathways for people confronting homelessness and opioid use disorders are needed.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q) has a prevalence almost as common as Down syndrome. 22q is well known for medical complications, including congenital heart disease and immune dysfunction. However, children with 22q also have borderline cognitive abilities, are at high risk for ADHD and anxiety, and have poor independent living skills (adaptive function). Parenting is one modifiable factor that has been found in typically developing populations to promote independent functioning and protect against the development of anxiety disorders. This study investigates the associations between parenting, anxiety, and adaptive functioning in 22q. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Parent-child (ages 4–11) dyads participated in an ongoing study involving observed parenting during challenging tasks plus questionnaires of parenting, child anxiety, and child functioning. In total, 52 dyads [22q=25; typical development (TD)=27] have enrolled to date. Parents completed questionnaires, including the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ), Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale, and Adaptive Behavior Assessment System for Children (ABAS-II). PSDQ dimensions of interest included Parental Psychological Control (PPC: the management of child behavior through the manipulation of emotions, expectations, and independence), Authoritative, Authoritarian, and Permissive, and the subscales of these broad dimensions. Scores were compared using t-tests and multiple regression models were used to investigate the relationships between 1-parenting and anxiety and 2-parenting and adaptive function. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Mean age was 7.8+2.1 years. Full Scale IQ (TD: 112.3 vs. 22q: 82; p<0.001) and ABAS-II Global Adaptive Composite (TD: 102.7 vs. 22q: 69.2; p<0.001) were significantly higher in the TD group. Parents in the 22q group reported higher levels of PSDQ PPC (22q: 2.3 vs. TD: 2.1; p=0.06), specifically overprotection (22q: 3.7 vs. TD: 3.3; p=0.04), and lower Authoritative parenting (22q: 4.1 vs. TD: 4.4; p=0.03), across the subscales. There were no differences in Authoritarian or Permissive parenting. Children with 22q had higher Spence Total Anxiety scores (22q: 62.5 vs. TD: 47.4; p<0.001). Self-reported PPC and group (R2=0.3, F3,48=8.1, p<0.001) predicted child anxiety with a main effect of PPC (β=16, p=0.02). Group tended to moderate the association between PPC and anxiety (β=−17.5, p<0.10), with PPC predicting anxiety for the 22q group (r=0.35, p<0.09), but not the TD group (r=−0.08, ns). At this time, a relationship between PPC and child ABAS-II GAC in 22q (r=−0.14; p=0.5) is not identified. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Children with 22q are at high risk for anxiety and poor adaptive outcomes. These results suggest that parents of children with 22q use higher levels of PPC, which is correlated with increased child anxiety. These analyses also provide support for parenting interventions to improve anxiety in children with 22q and possibly mitigate the serious mental health risk in this population.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Contingency management (CM), wherein patients earn prizes for behavior change, is the gold-standard for reducing stimulant misuseand has been shown to improve medication adherence.We aim to describe the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of CM to reduce stimulant use and optimize ART adherence in Women’s HIV primary care. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Using the ADAPT-ITT model for adapting evidence-based HIV interventions, we implemented the CoMBostudy at the Ward 86 Women’s Clinic at San Francisco General Hospital. Inclusion criteria are (1) adult age women with HIV, (2) suboptimal ART adherence, (3) stimulant use disorder with goal of reduced-use. Participants receive weekly CM for 12 weeks with escalating incentives for point-of-care urine testing negative for stimulants and positive for tenofovir ART. We use mixed methods to evaluate feasibility and acceptability ofCoMBowith quantitative process measures, sequential explanatory in-depth interviews with participants and staff, and effectiveness by proportion of point-of-care urine tests without stimulants and with tenofovir. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: CoMBoStudy enrollment began in September 2023; n=10 participants have enrolled with an additional n=20 planned.We will report feasibility and acceptability using:1) the number of women with HIV, stimulant use disorder, and suboptimal ART adherence enrolled vs. recruited, 2) the number and proportion of CM sessions attended/missed, 3) cost per participant, and 4) participant-reported facilitators and barriers to CM engagement. We will report preliminary effectiveness based on: 1) proportion of POC tests negative for stimulants, positive for ART, and 2)trend in self-reported stimulant use assessed weekly during CM. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Women with comorbid HIV and stimulant use disorder have demonstrated poor outcomes including reduced ART adherence and faster progression to AIDS. This work aims to expand access to evidence-based treatment for stimulant use disorder for women with HIV and share key opportunities and challenges for doing so in the women’s health HIV primary setting.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The prevalence of kidney stone disease has increased significantly in the United States in the last 2 decades. While several studies have reported that disparities in access to and quality of medical care exist, there is a need for a more thorough investigation of factors that negatively impact patients seeking care specifically for kidney stone disease. We sought to examine whether kidney stone patients received different standard of care in the emergency department (ED) according to their race/ethnicity, gender, age, body mass index, socioeconomic status (SES), and insurance status. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We conducted a retrospective study of patients presenting to the ED at Montefiore Medical Center between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2016. Patients with a diagnosis of nephrolithiasis were identified using ICD-9/10 codes and electronic chart review was used to assess each patient’s ED course as well as to gather sociodemographic information. The primary outcomes of interest were administration of pain medication, prescription of alpha-1 antagonists to facilitate stone passage and whether or not patients received CT scan or ultrasound. Associations of these outcomes with age categories, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index category, SES and insurance status were examined using multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: A total of 1200 patients were included in this analysis of which 616 (51%) were women. A large proportion of patients were minorities (40% Hispanic and 15% non-Hispanic African-American), whereas 21% were Caucasian and 24% declined to report race/ethnicity. Patients between the ages of 55–64 and those older than 65 were less likely to receive pain medication compared to younger patients aged <35 years (OR=0.48, 95% CI: 0.27–0.86 and OR=0.46, 95% CI: 0.21–1.00, respectively). Women were less likely than men to undergo any form of diagnostic imaging (OR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.35–0.76) including CT scan (OR=0.50, 95% CI: 0.35–0.72). Similarly, patients in the lowest quintile of SES received less imaging than patients in higher SES categories (OR=0.50; 95% CI: 0.27–0.90). Furthermore, African Americans (both genders) and women were less likely to be prescribed an alpha antagonist medication (e.g., tamsulosin) to facilitate stone passage compared with White patients (OR=0.61, 95% CI 0.36–1.03) and men (OR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.49–0.92), respectively. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: We found that multiple disparities exist among patients presenting to the ED for nephrolithiasis. A more thorough investigation into the causes of these disparities is warranted to limit their impact on patient care.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Thionamides are anti-thyroid drugs (ATD) that are commonly used to treat autonomous thyrotoxicosis. Although efficacious, these medications carry a risk of neutropenia or agranulocytosis in a small but finite proportion of the patients who receive them. Some risk factors for thionamide-induced neutropenia have been identified, including body mass index (BMI) and dose, but the role of race and ethnicity in the pathogenesis of this potentially life-threatening side effect is not known. We hypothesize that there will be no effect of race or ethnicity on the change in absolute neutrophil count (ANC) following initiation of thionamide therapy among adult patients with thyrotoxicosis. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Data from the electronic medical record at UNM HSC were obtained using a standard database query for the years 2000–2016. Inclusion criteria were the prescription of an ATD, an ANC recorded within 30 days of initiating ATD therapy (pre-ATD), and an ANC recorded between 75 and 365 days after starting an ANC (post-ATD). Patients taking other agents known to cause neutropenia and agranulocytosis, such as clozapine, allopurinol, or chemotherapy, were excluded. Patients were assigned to racial and ethnic groups as follows: Hispanic, non-Hispanic Caucasian (NHC), native American, Black, and Asian. The post-ATD ANC was defined as the nadir ANC observed after the ATD was started. “Delta ANC” was defined as [(post-ATD ANC)−(pre-ATD ANC)]. ANOVA analysis with Bonferroni-adjusted post-hoc testing was performed to examine differences in the mean changes of ANC across ethnic groups. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: In total, 123 adult patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. No significant difference was found between any of the racial groups with regard to age, sex, BMI, pre-ATD ANC, or the pre-ATD to post-ATD ANC interval. The native American group showed a significantly greater post-ATD ANC (not shown) and Delta-ANC as compared with the other groups. Delta ANC Hispanic=−1.4±3.3, Caucasian=−0.6±3.3, Black=−0.9±4.1, Asian=−3.8±4.8, native American=3.6±5.1 (all units per mm3; p<0.001). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: In this cohort of New Mexicans with thyrotoxicosis, native American race was protective against thionamide-induced neutropenia.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: This study seeks to test the feasibility and effectiveness of a brief acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) treatment for chronic pain patients in a primary care clinic METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Primary care patients aged 18 years and older with at least 1 pain condition for 12 weeks or more in duration will be recruited. Patients will be randomized into (a) ACT intervention or (b) control group. Participants in the ACT arm will attend 1 individual visit with an integrated behavioral health provider, followed by 3 weekly ACT classes and a booster class 2 months later. Control group will receive enhanced primary care that includes patient education handouts informed by cognitive behavioral science. Data analysis will include 1-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), multiple regression with bootstrapping. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The overall hypothesis is that brief ACT treatment reduces physical disability, improves functioning, and reduces medication misuse in chronic pain patients when delivered by an integrated behavioral health provider in primary care. In addition, it is anticipated that improvements in patient functioning will be mediated by patient change in pain acceptance and patient engagement in value-consistent behaviors. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: This pilot study will establish preliminary data about the effectiveness of addressing chronic pain in a generalizable integrated primary care setting. Data will help support a larger trial in the future. Findings have potential to transform the way chronic pain is currently managed in primary care settings, with results that could decrease disability and improve functioning among patients suffering from chronic pain.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Physician-scientists play a vital role in biomedical research but this chosen career path has many challenges, such as long training periods and funding. The University of Rochester (UR) CTSI pipeline programs address this by enabling medical trainees to partake in enriched research experiences. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The UR CTSI TL1 is a training grant from the National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS), which funds predoctoral trainees. The TL1-funded physician-scientist pipeline includes the Academic Research Track (ART) year-out program and the Medical Science Training Program (MSTP). We describe the characteristics and training outcomes of TL1-funded trainees. We also obtained testimonials of current and former trainees regarding their career component decision-making, and their perception of programs, in order to identify how best to address the challenges of the physician-scientist workforce, and to facilitate the transition between the clinic and bench. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: From 2006-2019, the UR CTSI has had 56 ART trainees and 17 MSTP trainees complete training; six trainees have transitioned into the MSTP after completing the ART program. As of 2019, 63 of 67 graduated trainees (94%) have continued their engagement in CTS after graduation. Importantly, our programs have facilitated the careers of 31 women (39.7%) and 12 under-represented minorities (15.4%). We will present a breadth of qualitative data to inform which parts of the TL1-related programs have been successful, and which parts could use programmatic improvement to aid the transition into the physician-scientist workforce. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Physician-scientist training barriers in the US have resulted in a shortage of these professionals in the clinical and translation workforce. Our data show the UR CTSI has been successful in addressing several of these challenges via the TL1-funded ART, MSTP, and ART/MSTP dual program pipeline.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Our study aims to 1) examine the link between engagement in CLR Academy and youth diabetes risk factors—physical activity, nutrition, mental health, and weight status; 2) examine CLR’s role in moderating the relationship between perceived discrimination and these risk factors. Includes a program evaluation of CLR & interviews of members. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Youth-onset diabetes is rising in American minority communities. Youth sports programs like the Community Leadership Revolution (CLR) Academy in Washtenaw County, MI are emerging responses to this issue. CLR targets diabetes risk factors through team sports by promoting mindfulness and healthy habits. Employing a mixed-methods, pretest-posttest approach, our study focuses on how the frequency of engagement in CLR impacts CLR’s effect on youth’s diabetes risk factors. Considering the discrimination minority youth experience, we also aim to see if CLR potentially buffers the impact of perceived discrimination on diabetes risk factors. A posttest program evaluation of CLR will also include semi-structured interviews with CLR staff and participants. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: There is potential that youth with high engagement in CLR Academy may see enhanced benefits in managing diabetes risk factors compared to less active participants. This may be particularly true for youth experiencing high perceived discrimination, with potential marked improvements in mental health, like reduced anxiety and depression. Additionally, through a program evaluation and semi-structured interviews, our study aims to uncover the factors contributing to CLR’s success as a community-led intervention while also identifying areas for enhancement. Post-study, CLR will receive financial support to integrate these insights into their program, furthering their effectiveness in youth diabetes prevention and overall well-being. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This study may provide significant insights into the relationship between sports participation, diabetes risk factors, and perceived discrimination. The findings could help CLR improve its program and guide more effective diabetes prevention strategies in minority youth through other youth sports programs.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Emergency (911) dispatchers are the first link in the chain of care for the estimated 240 million emergency calls made each year. Yet even as emergency medicine, public safety, and public health have seen increasing study, emergency dispatch has very seldom been included in that research. Part of the reason is that, while emergency medicine is connected with hospital physicians and public health with university departments, emergency dispatch is largely invisible, not represented in university programs, and staffed by professionals without research training–and often without higher education or academic degrees. The purpose of our Dispatch Research Workshop is to engage these professionals in guided research projects of their own design, with the ultimate aims of both engaging more emergency dispatchers in research and increasing the field’s overall capacity to generate evidence-based practice. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The workshop is help in tandem with a national Emergency Dispatch conference. Participants are recruited through advertisements in professional journals and relevant social media sites. The workshop is co-led by members of a partnership between the nonprofit organizations the International Academies of Emergency Dispatch and the UCLA Prehospital Care Research Forum, along with the dispatch data aggregation company FirstWatch. The Workshop occurs over two eight-hour days, and participants generally have no research experience or background. By the end of the second day, groups have developed research questions and methods, begun to write IRB proposals, and created data collection and analysis plans. Throughout the remainder of the year, research mentors support the completion of the project, and completed projects are presented at the following year’s conference and submitted (if desired) for publication. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: During the first two years of the workshop, 36 attendees participated (17 the first year and 19 the second). Three successful attendees of the first workshop helped lead the second as research mentors. Three research projects were completed from the first year; all three were presented as posters and are now being prepared for publication as manuscripts. Four projects have emerged from the second year’s workshop. Assessments and one-on-one interviews with participants at the end of each workshop have led to continuous change and improvement in the delivery of the material, as well as the outline of a year’s worth of support materials, which is currently in development. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Developing a true evidence base for practice in emergency dispatch will serve all of our communities, and feedback from our participants (as well as significant existing research in practitioner-engaged research) indicates that those who participate in research have a better understanding of the value of evidence-based practice, are more likely to adopt it, and are more likely to raise questions and test theories in their own professional life. Also, providing these practitioners the opportunity to conduct and publish research raises their stature and the stature of their profession, helping it achieve its rightful place alongside other professions in public safety and health.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The objective of the study is to test the feasibility and acceptability of a remote glucose monitoring program for pregnant Marshallese women with pre-gestational (PGDM) or gestational diabetes (GDM) without excluding women with limited English proficiency. The study will explore changes in patient-physician communication and self-efficacy. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Twenty Marshallese pregnant women with PGDM or GDM will be identified for recruitment. The patient will meet with a bilingual staff member to explain the study and provide consent. At enrollment, patients will complete an enrollment survey and be provided with the iGlucose monitor and receive training its use. Their provider(s) will receive access to their patient’s online portal for monitoring. At 14 days postpartum patients will receive a post-intervention survey and invitation to participate in interview, and their provider(s) will receive a satisfaction survey for the remote monitoring program. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We hypothesize that the use of a remote glucose monitoring intervention is feasible and acceptable for Marshallese women with PGDM or GDM. Further, we hypothesize that the remote glucose monitoring program will increase satisfaction with physician-patient communication and will increase self-efficacy with glucose management. We anticipate that providers will find the program feasible and acceptable for use with the Marshallese population. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: RPM technology can transform the way PGDM and GDM are managed. RPM may have greater benefits when there is a lack of language concordance by providing more time for patient-provider communication, thereby improving patient satisfaction and decreasing the risk of negative outcomes for Marshallese women.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Asymmetries in lung pathophysiology can result in a maldistribution of gas between regions of the lungs which may generate dangerous pressures that are not observable by clinicians. Our study aims to demonstrate and quantify this through use of high-fidelity simulators to represent a range of commonly encountered clinical pathologies. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A benchtop study was performed with two high-fidelity breathing simulators, each representing one lung. This system allows for real-time monitoring of pressure and lung dynamics in a two-lung asymmetric injury model. One simulator was set to a fixed compliance and a resistance. A second simulator had a range of compliance and resistance values. Data were collected for 15 different test cases across a distribution of asymmetries. Each test case is run for 30 cycles. At the end of each ventilatory cycle, a short expiratory hold is performed, allowing pressure in the lung simulator, tubing, and ventilator circuit to equilibrate between cycles. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Maldistribution of tidal volume was demonstrated when the compliance ratio between lung models (CL1/CL2) was 0.2 and the resistance ratio (RL1/RL2) was 10 with 23.9% (99% CI: 23.9-24.0%) of the gas volume distributed to lung 1 (103 mL L1 vs 327 mL in L2). Additionally, the injured lung when compared with the normal lung experienced higher peak pressures (12.8 cm H2O vs. 6.9 cm H2O, L1 and L2 respectively) and higher compartmentalized plateau pressures (11.5 cm H2O vs. 6.8 cm H2O, L1 and L2 respectively). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: We demonstrate significant maldistribution of volume and pressures between two lungs in an asymmetric injury model. This study suggests significant impact of asymmetry in current lung-protective mechanical ventilation strategies and calls for better understanding of case-specific pathophysiologic changes affecting each of the two lungs.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Neonatal endotracheal tubes (ETTs) are usually uncuffed to avoid subglottic stenosis and other complications, but cuffed ETTs allow better ventilation. Our goal was to detect and control pressure in the cuff below the limit of occluding venous flow to minimize the risk of subglottic stenosis. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We designed a pressure sensor to fit on a 2.5 ETT for prototype testing in 8 age adult female rabbits. Eight uncuffed age- and sex- matched rabbits served as control. Study duration was 2 hours during which pressure in the cuff was limited by novel sensor (intervention) or auscultation (control). Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane. Ventilation was provided mechanically. Subsequently the tracheae were removed, sectioned crosswise, and compared histologically for mucosal damage. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Preliminary data demonstrated an almost 30% greater amount of intact mucosa in the intervention group. The sensor also provided data on heart rate and respiratory rate, although this signal was not optimal. After filing an invention disclosure and provisional patent, we are refining our device to include multiple compartments for local control of cuff pressure and applying for a STTR Phase I/II application. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Ventilation in neonates with uncuffed ETTs can be suboptimal due to leak around the tube, but cuffed ETTs pose the threat of subglottic stenosis and other complications. We have designed a prototype cuffed ETT with a sensor to maintain low cuff pressure while preventing leaks and largely avoiding damage to the tracheal mucosa.

ABSTRACT IMPACT: This paper reveals the myriad techniques that CTSA hubs use to support, promote and expand team science including many ways to involve the community, students, scholars and other multidisciplinary scientists. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The Great CTSA Team Science Contest (GTSC) was developed in the NCATS Workgroup on Institutional Readiness for Team Science to collect stories describing the many ways hubs were promoting and supporting team science across the CTSA consortium. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Our qualitative data analysis examined the different designs from a high level - namely we categorized how many of the stories were competitions for pilot funding, training programs on team science competencies, communication skills training, workshops for educating community collaborators about research and/or training investigators about community-based research, advancing promotion and tenure for team science, etc. We discuss specific examples of different designs and who they were intended to benefit. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Launched in July 2018, the contest received 170 submissions from 45 unique CTSA hubs. Qualitative analysis addressed the following questions about team science: 1) Who or what group championed it? 2) Who benefitted or who were the intended recipients? 3) What was the desired outcome? (e.g. team science skills, communication skills, getting the community involved, fostering new collaborations, expanding capacity for team science, etc.) 4) What method(s) did they use? 5) What translational science stage was addressed? DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: This analysis includes examples of team science research, resources or interventions including successful team dynamics and knowledge integration. This paper reveals the myriad techniques that CTSA hubs use to support, promote and expand team science including involving the community, students, scholars and other multidisciplinary scientists.