Factors associated with purchase likelihoods and amounts spent on fresh and preserved vegetables in Malaysia are investigated. A sample selection system is applied to data from a national survey in Malaysia. Statistical test supports separate analyses for urban and rural households. Income and sociodemographic characteristics such as ethnicity, location of residence, household size, and education are closely associated with household expenditure patterns of fresh and preserved vegetables. Urban-rural differences are also uncovered in these effects. Several observations are noted vis-à-vis the expenditure patterns for fresh and preserved vegetables in Malaysia.

Consumer preferences for four livestock products were investigated to determine consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for livestock production process attributes. We use an inferred method of attribute nonattendance (ANA) using the coefficient of variation on individual specific parameter estimates to assess the variability of preference intensity for various product characteristics. We find that accounting for ANA did not significantly impact mean estimates of WT P. Implications of our findings on the reliability of existing work in the area of consumer preferences for animal welfare attributes are discussed.

We developed a trade model under imperfect competition to analyze the market power of U.S. and Chinese apple producers in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) market and their domestic markets and the elimination of ASEAN tariffs on U.S. and Chinese apples. We also formulated welfare functions for the United States, China, and ASEAN. Comparative static results are derived to analyze the effect of tariff changes on exports, domestic sales, and welfare. Based on the theoretical model, we derived an econometric specification and used the new empirical industrial organization literature to estimate the market power of U.S. and Chinese apple producers. The econometric model is simulated to quantify the effect of tariff removal on exports and domestic sales.