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TIMING E SVILUPPO DEI SERVIZI SOCIALI IN EUROPA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 July 2018

Introduzione

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La letteratura sul welfare state ha largamente privilegiato il settore pensionistico e la sanità, che peraltro costituiscono le componenti più rilevanti della spesa sociale in tutti i paesi europei. Tuttavia, nell'arco dell'ultimo decennio si è manifestato in ambito accademico un crescente interesse per le politiche socio-assistenziali. La nuova attenzione nei confronti di quest'area di policy, tradizionalmente considerata del tutto marginale nel contesto dei sistemi di protezione sociale, riflette la consapevolezza che nuovi bisogni sociali vanno diffondendosi in tutta Europa. A monte dei nuovi bisogni vi sono indubbiamente i profondi cambiamenti che hanno investito le nostre società sia sotto il profilo demografico sia per quanto riguarda la struttura familiare. Tali cambiamenti stanno infatti imponendo la ricerca di nuove soluzioni per far fronte alle esigenze di cura dei soggetti che non sono in grado di provvedere autonomamente a se stessi; ciò riguarda in primo luogo la terza e la quarta età, ma anche la prima infanzia, i portatori di handicap, i malati mentali ed i malati cronici.

Summary

Summary

In this article, the author identifies timing as the most crucial factor in explaining why local governments in Continental Europe were unable to adopt the Scandinavian model of social service provision. In these countries, greater local-level fiscal autonomy and service provision responsibilities occurred within a context of increasing social needs and strong economic constraints. Moreover, local governments lacked well-institutionalised social service systems at the time of these growing demands. Given these competing pressures, local governmerits were incapable of developing adequate policy responses. Trends towards greater fiscal austerity coupled with an expected increase in social needs render more expansive provision unlikely.

Type
Ricerche
Copyright
Copyright © 2000 by Società editrice il Mulino, Bologna 

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