Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T16:22:40.708Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

LE MOSCHE BIANCHE. PERCHÉ I GIOVANI ATTIVISTI DI PARTITO SONO POCHI?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 July 2018

Ettore Recchi

Introduzione

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

I partiti politici detengono il triste primato di essere le istituzioni pubbliche in cui i giovani italiani nutrono minor fiducia – meno che nella burocrazia statale, nel governo, nella magistratura, nelle forze di polizia, nell'esercito, nella Chiesa, nei sindacati, nelle banche, nei giornali e nelle televisioni (Buzzi et al. 1997, 382). Per quanto aggravatosi in tempi recenti, questo discredito ha radici lontane e trova espressione in un distacco crescente, dagli anni settanta in poi, dei giovani dalla vita dei partiti. Generazione dopo generazione, stando alle survey condotte negli ultimi cinque lustri, i cittadini dai 18 ai 25 anni che prendono parte regolarmente alle attività di qualche organizzazione politica sono passati dal 7,3% del 1970, al 6,2% del 1983, al 4,1% del 1987, al 2,7% del 1992 e del 19% (Tullio-Altan e Marradi 1976, 472; Cavalli e de Lillo 1993, 286; Buzzi et al. 1997, 419). Più precisamente, gli individui tra i 20 e i 24 anni che negli ultimi sei mesi hanno svolto «attività gratuita per un partito» ammontano nel 1994 ad un misero 1,8% – meno di un terzo della quota di attivisti di partito che si ritrova nella popolazione fra i 35 e i 44 anni d'età (Istat 1996, 143). Dati di fonte partitica, del resto, confermano il quadro: a cavallo fra il 1995 e il 1996 le organizzazioni giovanili dei partiti contavano 204.000 membri (Turi 1997, 126) – ossia, il 2% della popolazione tra i 19 e 29 anni (Istat 1995, 102).

Summary

Summary

What are the reasons for the continuous decline of party activism among the young people in Italy? This paper tries to answer the question by focusing on the «deviant cases»: the limited number of young Italians who are actively involved in party politics. Some theoretical explanatory models are discussed in the first part of the article and then controlled on the bases of empirical data. Samples of young party activists and non-activists of the same age are compared in order to understand which factors keep young people from participating in politicallife. Party activism turns out to be influenced by both socialisation and structural factors, which make a likely political career desirable and feasible in the future. Since political involvement depends on an uncommon combination of opportunities and motives, Italian young party activists stand out as rare birds within their generation.

Type
Ricerche
Information
Italian Political Science Review / Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica , Volume 28 , Issue 3 , December 1998 , pp. 515 - 542
Copyright
Copyright © Societ Italiana di Scienza Politica 

References

Riferimenti bibliografici

Aldrich, J.H. (1997), Positive Theory and Voice and Equality, in «American Political Science Review», n. 3, pp. 421–423.Google Scholar
Barber, J.D. (1965), The Lawmakers, New Haven, Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Barton, A.H. e Parsons, R.W. (1977), Measuring Belief System Structure, in «Public Opinion Quarterly», n. 2, pp. 159–180.Google Scholar
Begg, C.B. e Gray, R. (1984), Calculation of Polychotomous Logistic Regression Parameters Using Individualized Regressions, in «Biometrika», n. 1, pp. 11–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bertaux, D. (1995), Social Genealogies Commented On and Compared: An Instrument for Observing Social Mobility Processes in the Longue Durée, in «Current Sociology», n. 23, pp. 69–88.Google Scholar
Bettin, G. e Magnier, A. (1991), Chi governa la città?, Padova, Cedam.Google Scholar
Bettin, G. e Magnier, A. (1995), I nuovi sindaci: come cambia una carriera politica, in «Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica», n. 1, pp. 91–118.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, P. (1977), Outline of a Theory of Practice, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, P. (1986), The Forms of Capital, in Richardson, J.G. (a cura di), Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, New York, Greenwood.Google Scholar
Brady, H.E., Verba, S. e Lehman Schlozman, K. (1995), Beyond SES: A Resource Model of Political Participation, in «American Political Science Review», n. 2, pp. 271–294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Browning, R.P. e Jacob, H. (1964), Power Motivation and the Political Personality, in «Public Opinion Quarterly», n. 1, pp. 75–90.Google Scholar
Buzzi, C., Cavalli, A. e de Lillo, A. (1997), Giovani verso il Duemila. Quarto rapporto Iard sulla condizione giovanile in Italia, Bologna, Il Mulino.Google Scholar
Calise, M. e Mannheimer, R. (1982), Governanti in Italia, Bologna, Il Mulino.Google Scholar
Carlson, J.M. e Hyde, M.S. (1980), Personality and Political Recruitment: Actualization or Compensation?, in «Journal of Psychology», n. 1, pp. 117–120.Google Scholar
Cavalli, A. e de Lillo, A. (a cura di) (1993), Giovani anni 90. Terzo rapporto Iard sulla condizione giovanile in Italia, Bologna, Il Mulino.Google Scholar
Clarke, J.W. e Donovan, M.M. (1980), Personal Needs and Political Incentives: Some Observations on Self-Esteem, in «American Journal of Political Science», n. 3, pp. 536–552.Google Scholar
Clarke, H.D., Kornberg, A. e Lee, J. (1975), Ontario Student Party Activists: A Note on Differential Participation in a Voluntary Organization, in «Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology», n. 2, pp. 213–220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cobalti, A. e Schizzerotto, A. (1994), La mobilità sociale in Italia, Bologna, Il Mulino.Google Scholar
Cotta, M. (1979), Classe politica e parlamento in Italia 1946-1976, Bologna, Il Mulino.Google Scholar
Cotta, M., Mastropaolo, A. e Verzichelli, L. (1998), Italy: Parliamentary Elite Transformations along the Discontinuous Road of Democratization, in Cotta, M. e Best, H. (a cura di), The European Legislature. Long Term Transformations of Parliamentary Elites, Oxford, Oxford University Press (in corso di pubblicazione).Google Scholar
Darcy, R., Welch, S. e Clark, J. (1987), Women, Elections, and Representation, New York, Longman.Google Scholar
Dowse, R.E. e Hughes, J.A. (1977), Pre-Adult Origins of Adult Political Activity: A Sour Note, in Crouch, C. (a cura di), Participation in Politics. British Political Sociology Yearbook 3, London, Croom Helm.Google Scholar
Elster, J. (1989 [1983]), Uva acerba. Versioni non ortodosse della razionalità, Milano, Feltrinelli.Google Scholar
Erikson, R. e Goldthorpe, J.H. (1992), The Constant Flux: A Study of Class Mobility in Industrial Societies, Oxford, Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Greenstein, F. (1977), Introduction, in Lasswell.Google Scholar
Guadagnini, M. (1993), A ‘Partitocrazia’ Without Women: the Case of the Italian Party System, in Lovenduski, J. e Norris, P. (a cura di), Gender and Party Politics, London, Sage.Google Scholar
Hudon, R. e Hébert, B.-P. (1994), Porquoi les jeunes s'intéressaient-ils à la politique, in Hudon, R. e Fournier, B. (a cura di), Jeunesse et politique. Conceptions de la politique en Amérique du Nord et en Europe, vol. I, Sainte-Foy-Paris, Presses de l'Université Laval-L'Harmattan.Google Scholar
Iremonger, L. (1970), The Fiery Chariot: British Prime Ministers and the Search for Love, London, Secker & Warburg.Google Scholar
Istat (1995), Popolazione e abitazioni. 13° censimento generale della popolazione. Fascicolo nazionale Italia 1991, Roma, Istat.Google Scholar
Istat (1996), Cultura socialità tempo libero. Indagine multiscopo sulle famiglie. Anni 1993-1994, Roma, Istat.Google Scholar
Jaccard, J., Turrisi, R. e Wan, C.K. (1990), Interaction Effects in Multiple Regression, Newbury Park, Sage.Google Scholar
Janoski, T. e Wilson, J. (1995), Pathways to Voluntarism: Family Socialization and Status Transmission Models, in «Social Forces», n. 1, pp. 271–292.Google Scholar
Kearney, R.N. (1984), The Mentor in the Commencement of a Political Career: The case of Subhas Chandra Bose and C.R. Das, in «Journal of Political and Military Sociology», n. 1, pp. 37–47.Google Scholar
Kellerman, B. (1978), Mentoring in Political Life: The Case of Willy Brandt, in «American Political Science Review», n. 2, pp. 422–433.Google Scholar
Kendall, M. (1980), Multivariate Analysis, London, Griffin & Co.Google Scholar
Knutson, J.N. (1973), Personality in the Study of Politics, in Id. (a cura di), Handbook of Political Psychology, San Francisco, Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Lane, R.E. (1959), Political Life: Why People Get Involved in Politics, New York, The Free Press.Google Scholar
Lasswell, H.D. (1977 [1930]), Psychopathology and Politics, Chicago, University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Lasswell, H.D. (1948), Power and Personality, New York, Norton.Google Scholar
Lasswell, H.D. (1950 [1936]), Politics: Who Gets What, When, and How, New York, Peter Smith.Google Scholar
Levinson, D.J. (1978), The Seasons of a Man's Life, New York, Ballantine.Google Scholar
Marsh, D. (1971), Political Socialization: The Implicit Assumptions Questioned, in «British Journal of Political Science», n. 4, pp. 453–465.Google Scholar
Marvick, D. e Nixon, C.R. (1961), Recruitment Contrasts in Rival Campaign Groups, in Marvick, D. (a cura di), Political Decision-Makers: Recruitment and Performance, New York, The Free Press.Google Scholar
Mastropaolo, A. (1994), Le elezioni politiche del marzo 1994. Vecchio e nuovo nel Parlamento italiano, in «Italia Contemporanea», n. 169, pp. 461–470.Google Scholar
Mastropaolo, A. (1996), La classe politica parlamentare tra rivoluzione e restaurazione, in «Italia Contemporanea», n. 204, pp. 497–508.Google Scholar
Merelman, R.M. e King, G. (1986), The Development of Political Activists: Toward a Model of Early Learning, in «Social Science Quarterly», n. 3, pp. 473–490.Google Scholar
Milbrath, L.W. e Goel, M.L. (1977), Political Participation, Lanham, University Press of America.Google Scholar
Nevola, G. (1997), Alla ricerca di un ceto politico. I candidati del ciclo 1994-1996 tra innovazione e consolidamento, in Corbetta, P. e Parisi, A.M.L. (a cura di), Cavalieri e fanti. Proposte e proponenti nelle elezioni del 1994 e del 1996, Bologna, Il Mulino.Google Scholar
Newton, K. (1997), Social Capital and Democracy, in «American Behavioral Scientist», n. 5, pp. 575–586.Google Scholar
Pizzorno, A. (1993 [1966]), Condizioni della partecipazione politica, in Id., Le radici della politica assoluta e altri saggi, Milano, Feltrinelli.Google Scholar
Prentice, R.L. e Pyke, R. (1979), Logistic Disease Incidence Models and Case-Control Studies, in «Biometrika», n. 3, pp. 403–411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Press, S.J. e Wilson, S. (1978), Choosing Between Logistic Regression and Discriminant Analysis, in «Journal of the American Statistical Association», n. 364, pp. 699–705.Google Scholar
Prewitt, K. (1965), Political Socialization and Leadership Selection, in «Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences», n. 361, pp. 96–111.Google Scholar
Putnam, R.D. (1976), The Comparative Study of Political Elites, Englewood Cliffs, Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Recchi, E. (1997a), Giovani politici, Padova, Cedam.Google Scholar
Recchi, E. (1997b), La formazione della classe politica parlamentare (1992-1996) e il «regime dei partiti»: permanenza o cambiamento?, in Bettin, G. (a cura di), Politica e società. Studi in onore di Luciano Cavalli, Padova, Cedam.Google Scholar
Renshon, S.A. (1989), Psychological Perspectives on Theories of Adult Development and the Political Socialization of Leaders, in Sigel, R.S. (a cura di), Political Learning in Adulthood: A Sourcebook of Theory and Research, Chicago, University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Rotter, J.B. (1966), Generalized Expectancies for Internal vs. External Control of Reinforcement, in «Psychological Monographs», n. 1, pp. 1–28.Google Scholar
Salisbury, R. (1965), The Urban Party Organization Member, in «Public Opinion Quarterly», n. 4, pp. 553–565.Google Scholar
Schumpeter, J. (1964 [1942]), Capitalismo socialismo democrazia, Milano, Comunità.Google Scholar
Searing, D., Schwartz, J.J. e Lind, A.E. (1973), The Structuring Principle: Political Socialization and Belief Systems, in «American Political Science Review», n. 2, pp. 415–432.Google Scholar
Searing, D., Wright, G. e Rabinowitz, G. (1976), The Primacy Principle: Attitude Change and Political Socialization, in «British Journal of Political Science», n. 1, pp. 83–113.Google Scholar
Stone, W.F. (1974), The Psychology of Politics, New York, The Free Press.Google Scholar
Stryker, S. (1981), Symbolic Interactionism: Themes and Variations, in Turner, R.E. e Rosenberg, M. (a cura di), Social Psychology: Sociological Perspectives, New York, Basic Books.Google Scholar
Tapper, T. (1976), Political Education and Stability. Elite Responses to Political Conflict, London, Wiley.Google Scholar
Tetlock, P.E. (1985), Integrative Complexity of Policy Reasoning, in Kraus, S. e Perloff, R.M. (a cura di), Mass Media and Political Thought, Beverly Hills, Sage.Google Scholar
Tullio-Altan, C. e Marradi, A. (1976), Valori, classi sociali, scelte politiche. Indagine sulla gioventù degli anni settanta, Milano, Bompiani.Google Scholar
Turi, P. (1997), I giovani e i partiti, paper presentato al seminario «Valori politici e nuove generazioni nell'Europa contemporanea», Centro Interuniversitario di Sociologia Politica, Firenze, 25-26 settembre.Google Scholar
Verba, S., Nie, N.H. e Kim, J. (1978), Participation and Political Equality: A Seven Nation Comparison, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Verba, S., Schlozman, K.L. e Brady, H.E. (1997), Solving the Puzzle of Rational Participation: Lessons from the Citizen Participation Study, paper presentato all'Annual Meeting dell'American Political Science Association, Washington, 28-31 agosto.Google Scholar
Verzichelli, L. (1996), La classe politica della transizione, in «Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica», n. 3, pp. 727–768.Google Scholar
Xie, Y. e Manski, C.F. (1989), The Logit Model and Response-Based Samples, in «Sociological Methods & Research», n. 3, pp. 283–302.Google Scholar
Ziller, R.C., Stone, W.F., Jackson, R.M. e Terbovic, N.J. (1977), Self-Other Orientations and Political Behavior, in Hermann, M.G. (a cura di), A Psychological Examination of Political Leaders, New York, The Free Press.Google Scholar