Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T01:16:48.717Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

“Shop-lease Contract with Sar-qofli” in the Post-Iranian Revolution Era: Deletion of “Haqq-e kasb o pisheh o tejārat” from the Law of Lessor–Lessee Relationships

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2022

Yoko Iwasaki
Yoko Iwasaki*
Affiliation:
Institute of Developing Economies, Japan
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In contemporary Iran, many shops are under the “shop-lease contract with sar-qofli.” In this contract, sar-qoflisar-qofli, a strong usufructuary right supported by intangible assets such as the shop’s reputation, is given to the tenant. The “shop-lease contract with sar-qofli” originated from a traditional merchants’ custom in Iran’s business quarters. After the 1979 Revolution, the Law of Lessor–Lessee Relationships, which provides a legal framework for the practice of “shop-lease contract with sar-qofli,” was completely revised, since Islamic jurists regarded haqq-e kasb o pisheh o tejārat as problematic. Haqq-e kasb o pisheh o tejārat, the legal designation of sar-qofli, was based on a heterogeneous value concept introduced into the Iranian legal system from abroad during World War II. As a result of this revision, another alternative for asset management was granted to shop owners. Nevertheless, “shop-lease contract with sar-qofli” remains the most widely employed form of lease in Iran’s property lease market.

Keywords

Lease Contractsar-qoflihaqq-e kasb o pisheh o tejāratLandlord and TenantRevision of Law1979 RevolutionKhomeiniAsset Management
Type
Articles
Information
Iranian Studies , Volume 49 , Issue 3 , May 2016 , pp. 359 - 381
Copyright
Copyright © Institute of Developing Economies 2014

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Yoko Iwasaki is indebted to Bahman Keshāvarz, attorney at law, and Majid Sā’eli Kordehdeh, specialist at Ketāb-khāneh-ye Majlis-e Showrā-ye Islāmi, for their generous assistance and beneficial advice. This work was supported by Institute of Developing Economies.

References

Bharier, Julian. Economic Development in Iran 1900–1970. London: Oxford University Press, 1971.Google Scholar
Majlis, Chāp-khāneh-ye. Majmu’eh-ye Qavānin-e Mowzu’eh va Masā’el-e Mosavvabe-ye Dowreh-ye Sizdahom-e Qānun-gozāri: Avval-e Āzar māh-e 1320–30 Ābān māh-e 1322. Tehrān: n.d.Google Scholar
Majlis, Chāp-khāneh-ye. Majmu’eh-ye Qavānin-e Mowzu’eh va Mosavvabāt-e Dowreh-ye Chahārdahom-e Qānun-gozāri (21 Esfand māh-e 1322–21 Esfand māh-e 1324). Tehrān: n.d.Google Scholar
Majlis, Chāp-khāneh-ye. Majmu’eh-ye Sāliyāneh-ye 1324. Tehrān: n.d.Google Scholar
Irān, Dād-gostari-ye Jomhuri-ye Islāmi-ye. Majmu’eh-ye Qavānin-e Sāl-e 1358. Tehrān: n.d.Google Scholar
Irān, Dād-gostari-ye Jomhuri-ye Islāmi-ye. Majmu’eh-ye Qavānin-e Sāl-e 1363. Tehrān: n.d.Google Scholar
Esposite, John L., ed. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Modern Islamic World. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.Google Scholar
IMF. International Financial Statistics Yearbook 1981. Washington, DC: IMF, 1981.Google Scholar
Iwasaki, Yoko. “Sarugofurī Hōshiki Chintai Keiyaku: Iran Shōgyō -chi no Chika Kettei ni tsuite no Ichi Kōsatsu” [Shop-lease contract of sar-qofli: an opinion concerning the formation of land prices in commercial districts in Iran]. Ajia Keizai [Asian economy] 47, no. 5 (2006): 17–42.Google Scholar
Iwasaki, Yoko. “Sar-qoflī in the Customs and Laws of Modern Iran: The Emergence of Haqq-e kasb o pīshe o tejārat and the Evolution of the Shop-lease Contract System.” Iranian Studies 44, no. 2 (2011): 147–174. doi: 10.1080/00210862.2011.541685CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kāmyār, Mohammad Rezā, ed. Gozideh-ye Ārā-ye Dād-gāh-hā-ye Hoquqi (Majmu’eh-ye Avval). Tehrān: Nashr-e Hoquq-dān, 1997/98.Google Scholar
Keshāvarz, Bahman. Barrasi-ye Tahlili-ye Qānun-e Jadid-e Ravābet-e Mujer o Mosta’jer-e mosavvab-e 1376. Tehrān: Nashr-e Keshāvarz, 1999.Google Scholar
Keshāvarz, Bahman. Sar-qofli va Haqq-e kasb o pisheh o tejārat dar Hoquq-e Irān va Feqh-e Eslām. Tehrān: Enteshārāt-e Keshāvarz, 2003.Google Scholar
Khomeini, Taḥrīr al-Waṣīla. Vol. 2. Qom: Mo’asseseh-ye Enteshārāt-e Dār-ol-’elm, 2003.Google Scholar
Madanipour, Ali. Tehran, the Making of a Metropolis. New York: John Wiley, 1998.Google Scholar
Islāmi, Majlis-e Showrā-ye. Majmu’eh-ye Qavānin: Panjomin Dowreh-ye Majlis-e Showrā-ye Islāmi (7 Khordād-e 1375 tā 6 Khordād-e 1379). Tehrān: Edāreh-ye Tanqih-e Qavānin, 2001.Google Scholar
Majlis-e Showrā-ye Islāmi, . Mashruh-e Mozākerāt-e Majlis-e Showrā-ye Islāmi: Jalaseh 106. Tehrān: Edāreh-ye Tadvin-e Mozākerāt-e Majlis-e Showrā-ye Islāmi, 1997 [Tir 11].Google Scholar
Melli, Majlis-e Showrā-ye. Majmu’eh-ye Qavānin va Mosavvabāt-e Dowreh-ye Nuzdahom-e Qānun-gozāri. Tehrān: 1964.Google Scholar
Melli, Majlis-e Showrā-ye. Majmu’eh-ye Qavānin: Bist o chahāromin Dowreh-ye Qānun-gozāri. Tehrān: Edāreh-ye Koll-e Qavānin, n.d.Google Scholar
Melli, Majlis-e Showrā-ye. Mozākerāt-e Majlis: Jalaseh 178, Dowreh-ye Shishom-e Taqniniyeh. Tehrān: Matba’eh-ye Majlis, 1927 [Āzar 19].Google Scholar
Melli, Majlis-e Showrā-ye. Mozākerāt-e Majlis: Jalaseh 185. Tehrān: Edāreh-ye Tond-nevisi va Tahrir-e Surat-e Majlis, 1955 [Āzar 28].Google Scholar
Melli, Majlis-e Showrā-ye. Mozākerāt-e Majlis: Jalaseh 318. Tehrān: Edāreh-ye Tond-nevisi va Tahrir-e Surat-e Majlis, 1959 [Tir 8].Google Scholar
Millspaugh, Arthur Chester. Americans in Persia. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1946.Google Scholar
Irān, Ruz-nāmeh-ye Rasmi-ye Keshvar-e Shāhan-shāhi-ye. Majmu’eh-ye Qavānin-e Sāl-e 1322 Moshtamel bar Qavānin, Tasvib-nāmeh-hā, Āyin-nāmeh-hā va Bakhsh-nāmeh-hā-ye chāp-shode dar Majalleh-ye Rasmi. Tehrān: 1959.Google Scholar
Sāne’i, Yusof. Resāleh-ye Towzih ol-Masā’el. Qom: Enteshārāt-e Meysam-e Tammār, 2003.Google Scholar
Shimizu, Yasuhiro. Amerika no Noren Kaikei: Riron, Seido, Jitsumu [Goodwill accounting in America: theory, institution and practice]. Tokyo: Chūō Keizai Sha, 2003.Google Scholar
Sistāni, Ali. Montakhab-e Towzih ol-Masā’el. Qom: Daftar-e Āyatollāh ol-’ozmā-ye Sistāni-ye madda ẓilluhu, 1998.Google Scholar