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Tanganyika: The Development of a Trust Territory

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 May 2009

Margaret L. Bates
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Extract

Nearly thirty-five years have gone by since the signing of the Treaty of Versailles brought into existence a new international entity, the territory under mandate or trusteeship. Histories of the peace negotiation, depending on the prejudices or the personalities of their authors, represented the system as the creation of a group of impractical idealists or as the ultimate Surrender to militant colonialism. Only recently has it proved feasible to examine much of the evidence, to discover the effects of the system on the territories themselves, and to draw a few conclusions.

Type
Articles
Information
International Organization , Volume 9 , Issue 1 , February 1955 , pp. 32 - 51
Copyright
Copyright © The IO Foundation 1955

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References

1 Of the territories originally under mandate, Lebanon, Syria, and Iraq are now independent; Palestine has been split first in the creation of Transjordan and then by civil war. The islands in the Pacific passed from Japan to the United States after World War II, while New Guinea, Southwest Africa, Ruanda-Urundi and the Cameroons and Togoland (both British and French) have been administered as parts of neighboring territories. Nauru and New Guinea were under Japanese occupation in World War II. The only other territory whose status has not been changed in some way is Western Samoa.

2 For discussion of the background of the mandate system, see Haas, Ernst B., “The Reconciliation of Conflicting Colonial Claims: Acceptance of the League of Nations Mandate System,” International Organization, VI, p. 521–536Google Scholar. See also Hall, H. Duncan, Mandates, Dependenciet and Trusteeship (Washington, 1948)Google Scholar.

3 For text of the mandate agreement, see Document A/70.

4 For discussion of the program of native administration, see SirCameron, Donald, My Tanganyika Service and Some Nigeria (London, 1939)Google Scholar.

5 For a thorough discussion of economic developments and difficulties see Leubuscher, Charlotte, Tanganyika Territory: A Study of Economic Policy Under Mandate (Oxford, 1844)Google Scholar.

6 SirSymes, G. Stewart, Tour of Duty (London, 1948)Google Scholar.

7 See Haas, Ernst B., “The Attempt to Terminate Colonialism: Acceptance of the United Nations Trusteeship System,” International Organization, VII, p. 1–21Google Scholar.

8 For text of the 1948 report, see Document T/218; for the British commentary. Document T/333.

9 For text of the 1951 report, see Trusteeship Council Official Records (11th session), Supplement 3.

10 Report of the Committee on Constitutional Development, Dar es Salaam, 1951Google Scholar. This report also appears as Appendix I to the United Kingdom Report … on Tanganyika Under United Nations Trusteeship for the year 1951 (London, 1952)Google Scholar. See also Report of the Special Commis- sioner Appointed to Examine Matters Arising Out of the Report of the Committee on Constidom tutional Development (Dar es Salaam, 1953)Google Scholar.

11 See the Tanganyika government white paper, The Meru Land Problem (Dar es Salaam, 1952)Google Scholar.

12 The East African Standard still rues the fact that the inhabitants of Tanganyika were not asked their opinions in either 1920 or 1945, automatically assuming that if they had been they would have chosen Kenya and membership in the British Empire. See editorial in the East African Standard, October 22, 1954.

13 Changes made after cbnsultations in East Africa may be noted by comparing two official British publications on Inter-Territorial Organisation in East Africa, Col. 191 (1945)Google Scholar and Col. 210 (1947).

14 Proceedings of the Third East African Unofficial Conference (Nairobi, 1927)Google Scholar.

15 See Proceedings of the Tanytany'ka Legislative Council, Twenty-Fifth Session, 1951–52.

16 Carothers, J. C., Psychology of the Mau Mau (Nairobi, 1954)Google Scholar.