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Recent Trends in the Evolution of the United Nations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 May 2009

Quincy Wright
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Extract

In discussing recent developments regarding the United Nations, an earnest advocate of world government might label as significant any steps which would move the United Nations either toward or away from world government, while an American nationalist might consider activities of the United Nations significant if they either forwarded or frustrated American policies. Accepting, however, the value system of the United Nations Charter, developments may be considered significant insofar as they influence the probability of war, the security of fundamental human rights, respect for international justice, and the advancement of social and economic welfare. These criteria are vague, but they do exclude criteria flowing from values peculiar to any nation, religion, race, or economic class. Further, most of the peoples of the world have subscribed to them through the United Nations Charter.

Type
Research Article
Information
International Organization , Volume 2 , Issue 4 , November 1948 , pp. 617 - 631
Copyright
Copyright © The IO Foundation 1948

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References

l See Preamble and Article I of the Charter.

2 New York Herald Tribune, August 16, 1948.

3 Public Opinion Quarterly, Summer, 1948, XII, p. 354, 360, 369Google Scholar.

4 United Nations, Annual Report of the Secretary-General on the Work of the Organization, 1948, p. 115Google Scholar.

5 Public Opinion Quarterly, Summer, 1948, XII, p. 368Google Scholar.

6 Annual Report of the Secretary-General, op. cit., p. xvii–xviii. See also Commission to Study the Organization of Peace, Recommendation on United Nations Guards, September 1948.

6a It is also interesting to notice that the Supreme Court of the United States in refusing to allow judicial aid to the enforcement of restrictive covenants referred to a brief before it relating the problem to the human rights articles in the Charter, although it actually rested its opinion upon the provisions of the fifth and fourteenth amendments to the Constitution (Shelley v. Kraemer, 68 Supreme Court 836, 849–50, 1948).

7 Document A/578, July 15, 1948.

8 Commission to Study the Organization of Peace, 6th Report, Collective Self Defense under the United Nations, May, 1948.

9 A.Loveday, “An Unfortunate Decision,” International Organization, 06 1947, I, p. 279Google Scholar.

10 See Article 55 of the Charter.

11 United Nations. Annual Report of the Secretary-Ceneral, op. cit., p. 114 fGoogle Scholar.

12 “We must never forget that it is a constitution we are expounding. Let the end be legitimate, let it be within the scope of the constitution, and all means which are appropriate, which are plainly adapted to that end, which are not prohibited, but consist with the letter and spirit of the constitution, are constitutional.” McCulloeh v. Maryland. 4 Wheat. 316. See also Gibbons v. Ogden, 9 Wheat. 1, 187—9.

13 Wright, Quincy, A Study of War, p. 1332Google Scholar.

14 Wright, Quincy, “Accomplishments and Expectations of World Organization.” Yale Law Journal, 08 1946, Vol. 55, p. 870, 887CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

15 A Study of War, pp. 1332–1362.