At the end of 1948 Julian Huxley, retiring Director-General of UNESCO, reported on the work accomplished by the organization during the year. In the social sciences considerable progress had been made in the study of tensions affecting international understanding, while a series of monographs had been written about the different ways of life of different national cultures and surveys had been commenced on ways to bring out ideas of the general public on their own and other countries. Modern techniques to change psychological attitudes were also being discussed.