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9. The question of when a regime comes into existence, like the question of when a human being comes into existence, is a matter of debate. The answer is largely a function of how we define and make use of the term “regime.”

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11. Global prohibition regimes that reach the fifth stage of development resemble other global regimes that have emerged since the mid-1800s to monitor, control, and prevent cholera, plague, yellow fever, smallpox, and other infectious diseases. For a fascinating analysis of how international cooperation against infectious diseases ultimately prevailed, see Cooper, Richard N., International Cooperation in Public Health as a Prologue to Macroeconomic Cooperation (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institute, 1986)Google Scholar.

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36. That the regime was not codified in an international convention until the 1958 Convention on the High Seas may well be explained by the fact that global norms condemning piracy were so universally acknowledged by the middle of the nineteenth century that a convention would have been perceived as superfluous. Indeed, many states explicitly condemned other transnational activities, such as slave trading, by linking them with and even labeling them as piracy. See Dubner, Barry H., The Law of International Sea Piracy (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1980)Google Scholar.

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