States — Conduct of foreign relations — Nuclear tests in South Pacific — Decision by French President to resume tests — Whether constituting an acte de gouvernement — Whether subject to review by administrative courts — The law of France

Claims — Nationality of — Nationality of Receiver — Nationality of Creditors of Company in Liquidation.

Treaties — Effect in municipal law — Priority of treaty provisions over conflicting provisions of municipal law — EEC Treaty, 1957, Article 95 — Ban on discrimination in domestic taxation policy — Primacy of EEC law over contrary municipal law

Relationship of international law and municipal law — Treaties — Effect in municipal law — EEC Treaty, 1957 — Nature of legal order established by Treaty

International organizations — EEC — Legal status — Powers — Institutions — Court of Justice of the European Communities — Effect of decisions in municipal legal orders of Member States

Economics, trade and finance — Taxation — EEC Treaty, 1957 — Rule banning discriminatory internal taxation — Legality of national turnover equalization tax on imported milk products — The law of the Federal Republic of Germany

State responsibility — Nature and kinds of — For wrongs unconnected with contractual obligations — Acts and omissions of State organs and officials — Exhaustion of legal remedies — Intemational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966 — 0ptional Protocol — Proceedings before United Nations Human Rights Committee — Exhaustion of domestic remedies — Whether victim of alleged violation of Covenant required to exhaust remedies of an exceptional nature — Appeal proceedings still in process — Whether unreasonably prolonged

Treaties — Conclusion and operation of — Entry into force — International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966 — Alleged violation beginning before entry into force of Covenant and Optional Protocol thereto — Continuing violation — United Nations Human Rights Committee

The individual in international law — In general — Human rights and freedoms — Detention incommunicado — Allegations of torture and ill-treatment — Right to trial within a reasonable time — Trial by military court — Right to prepare defence and choose defence counsel — Forced confession — Exhaustion of local remedies — Whether accused required to exhaust remedies of an extraordinary nature — International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966 — Optional Protocol — United Nations Human Rights Committee

State responsibility — Kinds of — Interference with property — Taking of alien property — Measures failing short of complete deprivation of title — Whether grounds for an international claim.

Relationship of international law and municipal law — Treaties — Effect in municipal law — Treaty ratified but not incorporated into municipal law — Whether having any effect in municipal law — Whether creates legitimate expectation that government agencies will conform with principles of an unincorporated treaty — Rejection of application for resident status and order for deportation from Australia — Claim that deportation would create hardship for children of the family — United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989 — Whether legitimate expectation that principles of Convention will be applied when determining application for resident status

Treaties — Ratification — Effect in municipal law — Whether ratification constitutes statement to citizens as well as international community that a State will comply with standards contained in treaty — Whether ratification can give rise to legitimate expectation on part of citizens that treaty principles will be applied in administrative decision-making process — Treaties as aids to interpretation of municipal statutes — As guides to development of common law — The law of Australia

Extradition — Conditions of — Double Criminality — Evidence Necessary to Justify Surrender to Requesting State — Anglo-Portuguese Extradition Treaty, 1892 — The Law of Southern Rhodesia

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Exemptions from Jurisdiction — Foreign State — Mandated Territory — Mandatory Power before the Courts in the Mandated Territory.

Mandated State — Relation to Mandatory Power — Expropriation — Jurisdiction over Foreign States.

Sovereign immunity — Foreign States — Enforcement of arbitral award against foreign State — Proceedings for obtaining an exequatur and attachment of assets of foreign State — Whether entitled to jurisdictional immunity or immunity from execution — Waiver — Whether insertion of arbitration clause in original contract constitutes waiver of jurisdictional immunity for proceedings instituted to obtain an exequatur for arbitral award — Whether waiver of jurisdictional immunity implies waiver of immunity from execution — Whether proceedings to obtain an exequatur for award violate a foreign State's immunity from execution — The law of France

International Court of Justice — Contentious Procedure — Evidence — Burden of Proof — Probative Value of Admissions of Title.

State Territory — Acquisition of and Title to — Proof of Title — Burden of Proof — “Critical Date” in respect of Evidence of Title — Manifestations of Exercise of Sovereignty as Element in Opposing Claims to Sovereignty — Assessment of Relative Value of Manifestations of Exercise of Sovereignty — Admission of Title — Probative Value of.

Jurisdiction — Exemptions from — Foreign States — Sovereign Order of Malta — Action by Doctor Arising out of Contract of Employment with Order — Whether Action Subject to Jurisdiction of Italian Courts — The Law of Italy.

International Law — Subjects of — Sovereign Order of Malta — Status of — Action by Doctor Employed by Order — Whether Action Subject to Jurisdiction of Italian Courts — The Law of Italy.

Military Occupation — Governments Set Up by the Occupant — Character and Juridical Nature of — Validity of Laws Enacted by Them.

Nationality — Loss of — Naturalization — By Statute — Revocation — Act No. 35 of 1942 — Union of South Africa — Statelessness — Operation of Law of Original Nationality — Law of Germany — Relationship of International Law to Municipal Law — Incorporation of Treaties in Municipal Law — Effect of Ratification — Treaties — Operation of — Interpretation of — Agency of Interpretation — Effect on Subjects of Contracting Parties — Loss of Nationality — Germans in South-West Africa — Mandates — Nationality in South-West Africa — Article 278 of Treaty of Versailles — War — Effects of — Resident Alien Enemies — Deportation — British Commonwealth of Nations — British Nationality — Naturalization in Union of South Africa — Recognition throughout Commonwealth.

Belligerent Occupation — Legislative and Judicial Functions of Occupant — Whether Occupant Has Power to Legislate in Social Field and in Matters of Family Law — German Occupation of Norway — Provision of Maintenance for Child of German Father and Norwegian Mother

Laws of War — War Crimes — Espionage and Sabotage — Lawful and Unlawful Combatants — Unlawful Belligerency against State of which Individual a National — The Law of the United States of America

Human rights — Right to life — Death penalty — Constitutionality of death penalty — International instruments — Whether abolishing death penalty — Freedom from torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment — Whether two issues to be dealt with separately — Whether imposition of death penalty in Uganda constituting cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment — Whether framers of Constitution of Uganda purposefully providing for death penalty — Constitutional interpretation — Reading death penalty provisions as whole and in relation to relevant international instruments — Uganda’s history and background — Punishment for political purposes — Whether conflict between Articles 22(1) and 44(a) of Constitution of Uganda — Whether death penalty inconsistent with Articles 20, 21, 22(1), 24, 28, 44(a) and 45 of Constitution of Uganda

Human rights — Right to life — Death penalty — Constitutionality of mandatory death penalty — Inherency of individual’s right — Right to equality before and under law — Right to fair, speedy and public hearing before independent and impartial tribunal — Right to legal representation at State’s expense for offence carrying death sentence — Whether sentencing part of trial — Whether Ugandan laws providing for mandatory death sentence inconsistent with Articles 20,21, 22,24,28 and 44(a) of Constitution of Uganda

Human rights — Right to life — Death penalty — Long delay between death sentence pronouncement and execution — Whether unreasonable delay rendering execution unconstitutional — Death-row syndrome — Whether constituting cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment contrary to Articles 24 and 44 of Constitution

Human rights — Right to life — Death penalty — Mode of hanging — Constitutionality — Whether causing excessive pain and suffering — Whether constituting cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment contrary to Articles 24 and 44 of Constitution — The law of Uganda

International Law — Sources of — Customary International Law — The Right of Angary.

Angary — Whether Exercisable by Neutral State — Judicial Basis of Right of Angary — Territorial Sovereignty, State Necessity and Eminent Domain — Compensation Following upon Exercise of Right of Angary — Whether Limited to Amount of Damage — Loss of Profits — Monetary Interest — Compensation for Value of Fuel, Provisions and Spare Stores — Currency of Payment of Compensation — Sources of International Law — Customary International Law.

Sovereign immunity — Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act 1976 — Whether Act capable of conferring subject matter jurisdiction in a case pending on date Act entered into force — The law of the United States

Sovereign immunity — Foreign State — Restrictive theory — Acts iure imperii and iure gestionis — Charter of vessel by Government of Zambia — Liability for demurrage and damages — Action for attachment of cargo to found jurisdiction — Whether restrictive or absolute theory of sovereign immunity to be applied

International law in general — Nature and binding force — Changes in rules of international law — Duty of municipal courts to ascertain nature and extent of such change — Whether rule of stare decisis exists in international law — Duty of municipal courts to apply new rules of international law in appropriate circumstances — Whether rule of stare decisis in municipal law affected — Relationship of international law and municipal law — Whether international law part of the law of South Africa — Sovereign immunity — Restrictive and absolute doctrines — Conflict with South African legislation or common law — The law of South Africa

Expropriation — Of debt — Order to bank to pay to government sum equivalent to funds in private account — Whether amounting to expropriation of depositors’ assets — Whether payment of amount required discharges bank’s obligations to depositors — Situs of debt

Relationship of international law and municipal law — Act of State and non-justiciability — Principle that United States courts will not question validity of act of foreign State performed within jurisdiction of foreign State — Expropriation of debt — The law of the United States