Relationship of international law and municipal law — Treaties — Effect in municipal law — European Economic Community Treaty, 1957 — Direct effect — Supremacy of Community law over conflicting national legislation — Conflict between directly effective provisions of Community law and subsequent Act of Parliament — Doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty — Duty of national courts to provide effective remedies for the enforcement of directly effective Community law rights — National court referring question of Community law to Court of Justice of the European Communities — Whether interim relief available pending final judgment in case — Challenge to national legislation — Whether national court required to grant interim relief suspending operation of national legislation pending ruling by the Court of Justice — Relationship between Community law and international law

Treaties — Effect in municipal law — Enforcement by national courts — EEC Treaty, 1957 — Remedies — Interim relief — Criteria for granting interim relief suspending Act of Parliament pending ruling by Court of Justice of the European Communities

Nationality — Ships — Right of State to determine whether vessel entitled to be registered in that State and to fly its flag — Requirement of genuine link between vessel and State of registration — Geneva Convention on the High Seas, 1958, Article 5 — Requirement that vessel be owned by nationals of the State of registration resident and domiciled in that State — Requirement that operations of ship be directed from within State of registration — Fishing vessels — European Community law — Whether Community law leaves each Member State free to determine questions of nationality for itself — Whether requirements of nationality and residence for owners of vessels may be made a condition of registration of vessel — Relationship between Community law and High Seas Convention, Article 5 — EEC Treaty, 1957, Article 234 — Merchant Shipping Act 1988

Sea — Fisheries — European Economic Community fisheries policy — System of national quotas — Ships — Nationality — Relationship between Community law, national law and international law — The law of the European Economic Community — The law of England

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Effects of Decrees of Foreign Government Dissolving Companies Incorporated under the Laws of that State — Effect of Decrees of Foreign Government Nationalising Assets of Corporations.

Nationality — Acquisition of — Compulsory Conferment of Nationality — Recognition by Foreign States — Nationality of Sudeten Germans Between 1938 and 1945 — The Law of Holland.

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Over ports and national waters — Foreign vessels — Strike by crew inspired by international trade union — Competence of municipal courts to order termination of strike — Port of Rotterdam

Sea — Ports and national waters — Jurisdiction over foreign vessels — Vessel immobilized in port by strike of crew — The law of the Netherlands

Jurisdiction — Exemptions from — Foreign States — Corporation Controlled by Foreign State when Acting as Agent for the State — Whether Entitled to Immunities.

State immunity — Subject-matter jurisdiction — Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act 1976 (“FSIA”) — Doctrine of Head of State immunity — Act of State doctrine — Whether court having subject-matter jurisdiction over defendants — Whether President of United Arab Emirates entitled to immunity — Whether estate of former ruler of Emirate of Dubai entitled to immunity — Whether brother of current ruler of Dubai entitled to immunity — Whether Dubai defendants’ personal holding companies entitled to immunity — Whether court having personal jurisdiction over Dubai defendants

States — Whether Dubai independent State — Whether Dubai having defining characteristics of independent State under international law — Whether recognized by United States of America — Whether political subdivision of United Arab Emirates — The law of the United States of America

Treaties — Operation of — Warsaw Convention relating to International Carriage by Air, 1929 (Article 22) — Interpretation of municipal legislation giving effect to Convention — Discrepancy between official text of Convention and English translation — Carriage by Air Act, 1932 — Whether limitation of liability of carrier excluded by lack of particulars in air consignment note — The law of England.

Aliens — Position of — Treatment by receiving State — Status of refugees within meaning of Geneva Convention of July 28, 1951 — Refugees "lawfully" and "unlawfully" in receiving State Residence permit obtained on basis of untruthful statements Whether refugee "unlawfully" in territory as a result — Right of expulsion — Geneva Convention, 1951, Articles 32 and 33 — The law of Germany.

Protectorates — Indo-China — Distinction between Colonies and Protectorates — Exceptional Applicability of French Laws on Territory of Protected States.

Aliens — Deportation of — Persecution in the Country of Origin — The Law of the United States.

State responsibility — Claims — Espousal of claim of national — Adoption of such claim by Government — Whether constituting claim different from national's claim.

State responsibility — Claims — Claims of individuals — Participation of Government in procedure — Absorption of individual claim by claim forwarded by Government in same case — Time-limits.

Treaties — Interpretation of — Principles of — Clear text — Natural meaning of terms — Grammatical and literal interpretation — Insufficiency of — Teleological interpretation — Resort to travaux préparatoires — Multilateral treaties — Invocation of travaux préparatoires against State not an original party — Position of signatory Parties and acceding Parties — Whether different.

Arbitration — Procedure — Procedure before tribunal — Written arguments — Contents of claim — Supposed error in formulating — Requirements regarding presentation of claims.

Arbitration — Procedure — Procedure before tribunal — Preliminary hearings and decisions — Arbitral Commission on Property, Rights and Interests in Germany.

Arbitration — Procedure — Competence — Extent to which arbitral tribunal bound by decisions of other bodies-Arbitral Commission on Property, Rights and Interests in Germany.

Arbitration — Evidence — New evidence — Meaning of — Strict interpretation.

Treaties — Special kinds of — Treaties of peace — Analogous instruments — Convention on Settlement of Matters Arising out of the War and the Occupation, 1952–1954 — Chapter Five — Restitution under Convention — Decisions of occupying authorities on restitution prior to conclusion of Convention — Validity of such decisions under Convention — Payment of compensation in lieu of restitution — Exceptional character of such payment — Determination of amount to be paid — Conditions to be fulfilled by party claiming compensation — Identification of restitutable property — Meaning of — Postponement of reparation for war damage until conclusion of treaty of peace with Germany — Problem of reparations in such treaty — Treaties other than Settlement Convention — Relation between these two sources.

International Organizations — Officials — Dismissal of — Fixed-Term Appointments — Non-renewal of — Inquiries by National Authorities into Alleged Subversive Activities — Independence of International Civil Servants — Duty to Dispel Suspicion — Interests of the Organization — Integrity.

International Institute of Agriculture — Juridical Nature of — Competence of Italian Courts to Adjudicate on Disputes between the Institute and its Employees.

Disputes — Unilateral means of redress short of war — Reprisals — Public administration of foreign property directed against measures of confiscation taken by foreign State — Competence to impose reprisals — General principles of international law — European Convention on Human Rights, First Protocol — Distinction between expropriation and adminstration of private property — Competence of individual government department to impose reprisals — The law of Austria.

War — In general — Treaties of Peace — Performance of — Treaty of Peace with Japan, 1951 — Obligation of Japan to return or compensate for Allied property “in Japan” — Interpretation of Article 15 of Treaty containing this obligation — Literal interpretation — Ordinary meaning of words — Application to captured Netherlands ship sunk outside territorial waters of Japan after cessation of hostilities — Whether Japan under obligation to raise wreck — Whether Japan stultified provisions of Article 15 by its own illegal acts.

Warfare on land — Occupation of enemy territory — Nature and effects of — Assimilation of enemy — occupied territory to enemy territory for purposes of trading with the enemy legislation — The law of France.

War in general — Effects of outbreak of — Trading with the enemy — Contract between French company and German company concluded in German-occupied France — Whether void under trading with the enemy legislation — The law of France.

Jurisdiction — International Court of Justice — Advisory jurisdiction — United Nations General Assembly adopting Resolution ES-10/14 — General Assembly requesting advisory opinion on question set forth in resolution — Competence of Court — Article 65(1) of Statute of International Court of Justice — Competence of General Assembly — United Nations Charter, Articles 96(1), 10 and 11(2) — Whether General Assembly exceeding its competence — Whether General Assembly contravening Article 12(1) of Charter — Interpretation of Article 12 — Validity of request — General Assembly’s Tenth Emergency Special Session — Whether properly seised under Resolution 377 A (V) of matter before Court — Whether question submitted to Court of legal character — Alleged lack of clarity of terms of request — Whether having effect on legal nature of question — Political aspects — Whether depriving question of legal character — Whether depriving Court of competence

Jurisdiction — International Court of Justice — Advisory jurisdiction — Discretionary power — Judicial propriety — Whether compelling reason for Court not to comply with request for advisory opinion — Relevance of Israel’s lack of consent to judicial settlement — Whether advisory opinion impediment to solution to Israeli-Palestinian conflict — Whether Court having sufficient information and evidence — Relevance of opinion’s usefulness — Whether Israel’s good faith and “clean hands” argument compelling reason for Court to decline request

Territory — Occupied Palestinian Territory — Occupying Power Israel constructing wall in Occupied Palestinian Territory — Whether contrary to international law — Relevant rules and principles of international law — United Nations Charter — Other treaties — Customary international law — Relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions adopted pursuant to Charter — Applicability to Palestinian Occupied Territory — Occupied territory — Definition — Status — Territorial acquisition by threat or use of force — Self-determination of peoples — International humanitarian law — International human rights conventions — Whether wall as routed gravely infringing human rights of Palestinians residing in occupied territory — Whether wall necessary to attain Israel’s security objectives — Whether justified by military exigencies, national security or public order

Territory — Status — Occupation — Occupied territories in which Israel having status of occupying Power — Customary international law — Article 42 of Hague Regulations of 1907 — Threat or use of force — Article 2(4) of United Nations Charter — Territorial acquisition resulting from threat or use of force — Illegality — Security Council Resolution 242 (1967) — General Assembly Resolution 2625 (XXV) (1970) — Whether wall tantamount to de facto annexation

War and armed conflict — International humanitarian law — Treaties — Fourth Geneva Convention relative to Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, 1949 — Applicability to Occupied Palestinian Territory — Hague Regulations annexed to Fourth Hague Convention on Laws and Customs of Warfare on Land, 1907 — Customary international law

Human rights — International human rights law — Treaties — International human rights conventions to which Israel party — International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966 — International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966 — Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989 — Applicability to Occupied Palestinian Territory — Relationship between international humanitarian law and human rights law — Applicability of human rights instruments outside national territory

Human rights — Right of peoples to self-determination — United Nations Charter — General Assembly Resolution 2625 (XXV) (1970) — International Covenants on Human Rights, 1966, Article 1 — Right erga omnes — Whether Israel breaching obligation to respect right of Palestinian people to self-determination — Israeli settlements in Occupied Palestinian Territory — Whether contrary to Article 49(6) of Fourth Geneva Convention, 1949 — Legal validity — Whether wall tantamount to de facto annexation — Whether altering demographic composition

Human rights — Rights of Palestinians residing in territory occupied by Israel — Whether Israel’s routed wall gravely infringing those rights — Destruction or requisition of properties — Demographic changes — Right to freedom of movement — Right to work — Right to adequate standard of living — Right to health — Right to education — Hague Regulations, 1907, Articles 46 and 52 — Fourth Geneva Convention, 1949, Articles 53 and 49(6) — Security Council Resolutions 446, 452 (1979) and 465 (1980) — International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966, Article 12(1) — International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966, Articles 6, 7, 11, 12, 13 and 14 — United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989, Articles 16,24,27 and 28 — Whether Israel in breach of obligations under international law

Terrorism — War and armed conflict — Israel claiming wall to protect from terrorist attacks — Self-defence — Article 51 of United Nations Charter — Whether relevant — Security Council Resolutions 1368 and 1373 (2001) — Whether Israel could invoke — State of necessity — Whether construction of wall only way for Israel to safeguard essential interest against grave and imminent peril

State responsibility — Legal consequences arising from Israel’s construction of wall — Whether responsibility of Israel engaged under international law — Whether Israel bound to comply with its international obligations — Whether Israel obliged to put an end to any internationally wrongful act — Obligations upon all States under United Nations Charter and international law — Additional obligation upon States parties to Fourth Geneva Convention, 1949 — Obligation upon both Israel and Palestine to observe rules of international humanitarian law — Protection of civilian life — Requirement of implementation in good faith of all relevant Security Council resolutions

Damages — Reparation — Whether Israel under obligation to make reparation for all damage caused by construction of wall — Customary international law — Restitution in kind — Payment of equivalent sum — Compensation in accordance with applicable international law rules

War and armed conflict — Israeli-Palestinian conflict threatening international peace and security — United Nations Charter — United Nations — Organs — General Assembly — Security Council — Article 12 of United Nations Charter — Whether any further action required — Requirement of implementation in good faith of all relevant Security Council resolutions — Security Council Resolutions 242 (1967) and 338 (1973) — “Roadmap” approved by Security Council Resolution 1515 (2003) — Negotiated solution to outstanding problems — Establishment of Palestinian State — Peace and security in Middle East region

State Succession—Binding Force of Laws—Distinction between Private and Political Rights.

Nationality — Acquisition of — By Descent — Illegitimate Child — Acquisition of Nationality by Mother on Marriage — Effect on Nationality of Child.

Nationality — Of Married Women — Acquisition of Nationality by Marriage — Effect on Child.

Nationality — Acquisition of — By Descent — Illegitimate Child — Nationality of Married Woman — Acquisition of Nationality by Marriage — Effect on Child.

International law in general — Relation to municipal law — Treaties — Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947 (Article 77 (4)) — Waiver of claims of Italian nationals against Germany — Relation to Italian law on war damage — Materials supplied on contract to German occupying forces — Whether Italian national may claim in Italian courts against Federal Republic of Germany — The law of Italy.

Treaties — Interpretation of — Principles and rules of — Literal and teleological (functional) principles — Application to Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947, Article 77 (4) — Interpretation in the light of objects of Allied Powers — The law of Italy.

War — In general — Effects of treaties of peace — Occupation of enemy territory — Claim for payment for materials supplied to occupying forces — German occupation of Italy — Effect of Article 77 (4) of Treaty of Peace with Italy on claim for payment — Nature and purpose of Article 77 (4).

War — On land — Occupation of enemy territory — Requisitions and contributions — German occupation of Italy — Materials supplied to German forces under compulsion — Nature and purpose of contract — Hague Convention, 1907 (Article 52).

War — On land — Occupation of enemy territory — Inhabitants — Services — German occupation of Italy — Materials supplied to German forces under compulsion — Hague Convention, 1907 (Article 52).

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Exemptions from — Foreign States — Function of distinction between acts jure imperii and acts jure gestionis — Acts of military Occupant — German occupation of Italy — Materials supplied under contract to German military forces — Claim against Federal Republic of Germany in Italian court for payment — Whether exempt from jurisdiction — The law of Italy.