Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T05:02:07.253Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

More on Diglossia in Arabic*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2009

Alan S. Kaye
Alan S. Kaye
Affiliation:
California State University, Fullerton
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Diglossia has been the subject of attention of many linguists and philologists dealing with Arabic for many decades. The term itself was coined by W. Marçais (1930) and was brought to the attention of general linguists and ethnologists (socio-linguists in particular) by Ferguson in 1959. Diglossia is also a well-known phenomenon in Modern Greek, Swiss German, and Haitian Creole. Fishman (1967) and Valdman (1968) deal with it in terms of methodology and theory. Kaye (1970, 1972a) deals with it in the light of modern linguistic theory and is restricted (not entirely though) to a discussion of Arabic. The monograph under review is an attempt to survey the diglossia situation using Classical Arabic and colloquial Iraqi (almost entirely Baghdadi) data. Much of the work can already be found in Altoma (1957, 1966).

Type
Review Article
Information
International Journal of Middle East Studies , Volume 6 , Issue 3 , July 1975 , pp. 325 - 340
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1975

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abdo, Daud A. (1969). On Stress and Arabic Phonology: a Generative Approach. Beirut:Khayat Book and Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Abercrombie, David (1967). Elements of General Phonetics. Chicago: AldineGoogle Scholar
Altoma, Salih J. (1975). The teaching of classical Arabic to speakers of the colloquial in Iraq: A study of the problem of linguistic duality and its impact on language education. Unpublished dissertation, Harvard University.Google Scholar
Altoma, Salih J. (1966). Some phonological features of classical Arabic and Iraqi Arabic. Shahidullah Presentation Volume, ed. Dil, Anwar S., pp. 149–84. Pakistani linguistic series. Lahore, West Pakistan.Google Scholar
Blake, Frank R. (1951). A Resurvey of Hebrew Tenses. Rome: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum.Google Scholar
Blanc, Haim (1964). Communal Dialects in Baghdad. Harvard Middle Eastern monograph series, no. X. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Blau, Joshua (1965). The emergence and linguistic background of Judaeo-Arabic: A study of the origins of Middle Arabic. Scripta Judaica, no. V. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Blau, Joshua (1966–1967). A grammar of Christian Arabic. Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium. 3 vols. Louvain.Google Scholar
Chafe, Wallace L. (1970). Meaning and the Structure of Language. Chicago and London:University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Davis, M. (1958). Computability and Solvability. New York.Google Scholar
Derenbourg, Hartwig (1881, 1889). Sîbawayhi, le livre de Sîbawayhi: Traité de grammaire arabe. 2 vols. Reissued 1970. Hildesheim and New York: Georg Olms Verlag.Google Scholar
Erwin, Wallace M. (1963). A Short Reference Grammar of Iraqi Arabic. Richard Slade Harrell Arabic series, no. 4, Institute of Languages and Linguistics. Washington, D.C.:Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Ferguson, Charles A. (1959 a). Diglossia. Word, vol. 15, pp. 325–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reprinted in Language in Culture and Society: A Reader in Linguistics and Anthropology (ed. by Hymes, Dell), pp. 429–39. New York, Evanston, and London: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Ferguson, Charles A. (1959 b). The Arabic koine. Lg., vol. 35, pp. 616–30.Google Scholar
Ferguson, Charles A. (1959 c). Myths about rabic. Languages and linguistics monograph series, no. 12, pp. 75–82.Google Scholar
Georgetown University. Reprinted in Readings in the Sociology of Language (ed. by Fishman, Joshua A., 1968, PP. 375–81). The Hague:Mouton.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fischer, W. (1959). Die demonstrativen Bildungen der neuarabischen Dialekte. The Hague:Mouton.Google Scholar
Fishman, Joshua A. (1967). Bilingualism with and without diglossia: Diglossia with and without bilingualism. JSI, vol. 23 (2), pp. 29–38.Google Scholar
Haas, Mary R. (1956). Natchez and the Muskogean languages. Lg., vol. 32, pp. 61–72.Google Scholar
Haas, Mary R. (1966). Historical linguistics and the genetic relationship of languages. CTL, III (Theoretical foundaticns), ed. by Sebeok, Thomas A., pp. 113–53. The Hague:Mouton.Google Scholar
Haywood, J. A. & Nahmad, H. M. (1962). A New Arabic Grammar of the Written Language. Replaces the sixth edition of Thatcher's Arabic grammar. Cambridge:Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Hetzron, Robert (1967). Agaw numerals and incongruence in Semitic. JSS, vol. 12 (2), pp. 169–97.Google Scholar
Hockett, Charles F. (1968). The State of the Art. Janua linguarum, 73. The Hague:Mouton.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaye, Alan S. (1970). Modem Standard Arabic and the colloquials. Lingua, vol. 24 (4), pp. 374–91, 412.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaye, Alan S. (1971). Arabic /žiim/: The modem spoken evidence and genetic linguistics. Colloquium on Semito-Hamitic Comparative Linguistics, 03 1970. SOAS and Linguistics Association of Great Britain (Historical Section), University of London.Google Scholar
Kaye, Alan S. (1972 a). Remarks on diglossia in Arabic: Well-defined vs. ill-defined. Linguistics, vol. 81, pp. 32–48.Google Scholar
Kaye, Alan S. (1972 b). Arabic /žiim/: A synchronic and diachronic study. Linguistics, vol. 79, pp. 31–72.Google Scholar
Kaye, Alan S. (1972 c). Review of A Descriptive Analysis of Cypriot Maronite Arabic, by Maria Tsiapera. JAOS, vol. 92, no. 4, pp. 536–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaye, Alan S.Review of On Stress and Arabic Phonology: A Generative Approach, by Daud A. Abdo. IJMES, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 93–113, entitled ‘Towards a generative phonology of Arabic: A review article’.Google Scholar
Krotkoff, Georg (1964). Bagdader Studien. ZDMG, vol. 114, pp. 66–90.Google Scholar
Krotkoff, Georg (1967). Review of Grundzüge der Grammatik des arabischen Dialekts von Baghdad, by Nisar Malaika. WZKM, vol. 61, pp. 204–6.Google Scholar
Lakoff, George (1969). Empiricism without facts [review article]. FL, vol. 5, pp. 118–27.Google Scholar
William, Lane Edward (1863). An Arabic—English lexicon (?Alif-θâ?). London and Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Lethem, G. J. (1920). Colloquial Arabic: Shuwa Arabic of Bornu, Nigeria and the Region of Lake Chad. London.Google Scholar
Lewis, Bernard (1960). The Arabs in History. New York and Evanston: Harper and Row. (Harper Torchbooks.)Google Scholar
Malaika, Nisar (1963). Grundzüge der Grammatik des arabischen Dialekts [not Dialektes, cover page] von Baghdad. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Malick, A. P. (1956/1957). A comparative study of American English and Iraqi Arabic Consonant clusters. Language Learning, vol. 7, pp. 65–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marçais, W. (1930). La diglossie arabe. L'enseignement public, vol. 97, pp. 401–9.Google Scholar
Mitcchell, T. F. (1956). An Introduction to Egyptian Colloquial Arabic. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Samarrai, A. I. (1959). Rate of morphemic decay in Arabic. IJAL, vol. 25, pp. 68–70.Google Scholar
Schaade, A. (1911). Sîbawayhi's Lautlehre. Leiden: E. J. Brill.Google Scholar
Speiser, E. A. (1938). The pitfalls of polarity. Lg., vol. 15, pp. 187–202.Google Scholar
Steingass, F. (1892). A Comprehensive Persian—English Dictionary, 5th impression, 1963. London.Google Scholar
Stetkevych, Jaroslav (1970). The Modern Arabic Literary Language: Lexical and Stylistic Developments. Publications of the Center for Middle Eastern Studies, no. 6. Polk, William R., general editor. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Tsiapera, Maria (1969). A Descriptive Analysis of Cypriot Maronite Arabic. (Janua linguarum, series practica, 66.) The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Valdman, Albert (1968). Language standardization in a diglossia situation: Haiti. In Language Problems of Developing Nations (ed. by Fishman, Joshua A., Ferguson, Charles A., and Gupta, Jyotirindra Das), pp. 313–26. New York: John Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
Wehr, Hans (1961). A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, ed. by Cowan, J Milton. English translation of Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (1952). Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Woodhead, D. R. & Beene, Wayne (1967). A Dictionary of Iraqi Arabic: Arabic—English. Richard Slade Harrell Arabic series, no. 10, Institute of Languages and Linguistics. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Wright, William (1955) A Grammar of the Arabic language, 3rd ed., 2 vols. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar