Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T13:11:52.224Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Experimental investigation of beam-steering applied to 2 × 2 MIMO system with single receiving RF chain and time-modulated antenna array

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 June 2020

Grzegorz Bogdan*
Affiliation:
Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Nowowiejska 15/19, 00-665Warsaw, Poland
Konrad Godziszewski
Affiliation:
Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Nowowiejska 15/19, 00-665Warsaw, Poland
Yevhen Yashchyshyn
Affiliation:
Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Nowowiejska 15/19, 00-665Warsaw, Poland
*
Author for correspondence: Grzegorz Bogdan, E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Multiple antennas and multiple radio frequency (RF) chains in both the transmitter and receiver are required in conventional radio systems employing the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) method. This paper presents an experimental investigation of a beam-steering time-modulated MIMO receiver with a single RF chain. Implementation of the receiver is based on a time-modulated antenna array (TMAA) and a software-defined radio. The sidebands generated inherently by the TMAA are utilized as virtual spatial channels with the beam-steering functionality. Performance of the system is investigated experimentally. The bit error rate and condition number of the channel matrix are examined for different radiation patterns in order to determine favorable configurations in a given multipath environment. Obtained results show a considerable impact of the beam-steering on the performance of MIMO transmission.

Type
Research Paper
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and the European Microwave Association 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alexiou, A and Haardt, M (2004) Smart antenna technologies for future wireless systems: trends and challenges. IEEE Communications Magazine 42, 9097.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mailloux, RJ (2005) Phased Array Antenna Handbook. Boston: Artech House.Google Scholar
Yashchyshyn, Y, Derzakowski, K, Bogdan, G, Godziszewski, K, Nyzovets, D, Kim, CH and Park, B (2018) 28 GHz switched-beam antenna based on s-pin diodes for 5 G mobile communications. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 17, 225228.10.1109/LAWP.2017.2781262CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rocca, P, Oliveri, G, Mailloux, RJ and Massa, A (2016) Unconventional phased array architectures and design methodologies – a review. Proceedings of the IEEE 104, 544560.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shanks, HE and Bickmore, RW (1959) Four-dimensional electromagnetic radiators. Canadian Journal of Physics 37, 263275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yashchyshyn, Y, Godziszewski, K, Bogdan, G and Piasecki, P (2017) X-band antenna array for low-cost beam scanning. IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 11, 21742178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drysdale, TD, Allen, B and Okon, E (2017) Sinusoidal time-modulated uniform circular array for generating orbital angular momentum modes. 11th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP), Paris, pp. 973977.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poli, L, Rocca, P and Massa, A (2012) Sideband radiation reduction exploiting pattern multiplication in directive time-modulated linear arrays. IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 6, 214222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yao, AM, Wu, W and Fang, DG (2015) Single-sideband time-modulated phased array. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 63, 19571968.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poli, L, Rocca, P, Oliveri, G and Massa, A (2011) Harmonic beamforming in time-modulated linear arrays. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 59, 25382545.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rocca, P, Zhu, Q, Bekele, E, Yang, S and Massa, A (2014) 4-D Arrays as enabling technology for cognitive radio systems. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 62, 11021116.10.1109/TAP.2013.2288109CrossRefGoogle Scholar
He, C, Cao, A, Chen, J, Liang, X, Zhu, W, Geng, J and Jin, R (2018) Direction finding by time-modulated linear array. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 66, 36423652.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ni, D, Yang, S, Chen, Y and Guo, J (2017) A study on the application of subarrayed time-modulated arrays to MIMO radar. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 16, 11711174.10.1109/LAWP.2016.2626478CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rocca, P, Poli, L, Bekele, ET and Massa, A (2012) Time-modulation for MIMO systems – potentials and trends. 6th European Conference on Antennas Propagation (EuCAP), Prague, pp. 32853286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maneiro-Catoira, R, Brégains, J, García-Naya, JA and Castedo, L (2015) Time-modulated arrays for digital communications in multipath scenarios. IEEE International Symposium On Antennas Propagation USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, Vancouver, pp. 816817.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maneiro-Catoira, R, Brégains, JC, García-Naya, JA, Castedo, L, Rocca, P and Poli, L (2017) Performance analysis of time-modulated arrays for the angle diversity reception of digital linear modulated signals. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing 11, 247258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gwak, D, Sohn, I and Lee, SH (2015) Analysis of single-RF MIMO receiver with beam-switching antenna. ETRI Journal 37, 647656.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bogdan, G, Godziszewski, K, Yashchyshyn, Y and Kozłowski, S (2019) Single RF chain MIMO receiver using beam-steering time modulated antenna array. 13th European Conference on Antennas Propagation (EuCAP), Kraków, pp. 14.Google Scholar
Bogdan, G, Godziszewski, K and Yashchyshyn, Y (2019) MIMO receiver with reduced number of RF chains based on 4D array and software defined radio. 27th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO), A Coruna, pp. 14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maneiro-Catoira, R, Brégains, JC, García-Naya, JA and Castedo, L (2014) On the feasibility of time-modulated arrays for digital linear modulations: a theoretical analysis. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 62, 61146122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bogdan, G, Bajurko, PR and Yashchyshyn, Y (2014) Null-steering in two-element time modulated linear antenna array through pulse-delay approach. 20th International Conference on Microwaves, Radar and Wireless Communication (MIKON), Gdańsk, pp. 14.10.1109/MIKON.2014.6899831CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kummer, W, Villeneuve, A, Fong, T and Terrio, F (1963) Ultra-low sidelobes from time-modulated arrays. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 11, 633639.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bogdan, G, Yashchyshyn, Y and Jarzynka, M (2016) Time-modulated antenna array with lossless switching network. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 15, 18271830.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maneiro-Catoira, R, Brégains, JC, García-Naya, JA and Castedo, L (2019) Time-modulated phased array controlled with nonideal bipolar squared periodic sequences. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 18, 407411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bogdan, G, Godziszewski, K, Yashchyshyn, Y, Kim, CH and Hyun, S (2019) Time modulated antenna array for real-time adaptation in wideband wireless systems – part 1: design and characterization. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. Available at https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8657780 (Accessed 29 May 2020).Google Scholar
Analog Devices: ADRF5020 – 100 MHz to 30 GHz, silicon SPDT switch, Rev. A. Available at http://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/ADRF5020.pdf (Accessed 1 April 2020).Google Scholar
Data Delay Devices (2010) Monolithic 8-bit programmable delay line (series 3d3438). Available at http://www.datadelay.com/datasheets/3d3438.pdf (Accessed 29 May 2020).Google Scholar
Chen, Q, Zhang, J, Wu, W and Fang, D (2020) Enhanced single-sideband time-modulated phased array with lower sideband level and loss. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 68, 275286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foschini, GJ and Gans, MJ (1998) On limits of wireless communications in a fading environment when using multiple antennas. Wireless Personal Communications 6, 311335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, MA and Wallace, JW (2004) A review of antennas and propagation for MIMO wireless communications. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 52, 28102824.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saunders, S and Aragón-Zavala, A (2007) Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communication Systems, 2nd Edn.. Chichester, West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Votis, C, Tatsis, G and Kostarakis, P (2010) Envelope correlation parameter measurements in a MIMO antenna array configuration. International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences 3, 350354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foegelle, MD (2012) MIMO device performance measurements in a wireless environment simulator. IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility 1, 123130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keysight Technologies (2014) MIMO performance and condition Number in LTE test. Application Note.Google Scholar
Tse, D and Viswanath, P (2005) Fundamentals of Wireless Communication. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Instruments (2017) Specifications USRP-2944 software defined radio reconfigurable device. Available at http://www.ni.com/pdf/manuals/375724b.pdf (Accessed 1 April 2020).Google Scholar