Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T00:14:59.415Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Land rights and neoliberalism: an irreconcilable conflict for indigenous peoples in India?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 December 2016

Indrani Sigamany*
Affiliation:
Centre for Applied Human Rights, York Law School, University of York, England. E-mail: [email protected].

Abstract

Does legislation that grants land rights necessarily ensure justice? The Forest Rights Act of 2006 (FRA) in India, a landmark social justice law, aims to enhance land security for forest peoples. Increasingly displaced by development and extractive industries that intensify impoverishment, indigenous peoples in India should, with the FRA, be able to protect their land, their livelihoods and their culture. Continued government violations of forest land rights in the name of development highlight that economically vulnerable populations lack the power to take advantage of legislation. I examine the tension of current indigenous land struggles in the context of the legal frameworks of the FRA and the neoliberal culture of India.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agarwal, B. (1992) ‘The Gender and Environment Debate: Lessons from India’, Feminist Studies 18(1): 119158.Google Scholar
Basok, T., Ilcan, S. and Noonan, J. (2006) ‘Citizenship, Human Rights, and Social Justice’, Citizenship Studies, 10: 267273.Google Scholar
Baxi, U. (2000) ‘Postcolonial Legality’ in Ray, H.S.A.S. (ed.) A Companion to Postcolonial Studies. Blackwell Publishing, published online 26 November 2007, doi: 10.1002/9780470997024.ch29.Google Scholar
Baxi, U. (2005) ‘Postcolonial Legality’ in Schwarz, H. and Ray, S. (eds) A Companion to Post Colonial Studies. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.Google Scholar
Bhengra, R., Bijoy, C.R. and Luithui, S. (1999) Report on the Adivasis of India. London: Minority Rights Group.Google Scholar
Cheney, J. (1987) ‘Eco-Feminism and Deep Ecology’, Environmental Ethics 9(2): 115145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohn, Bernard S. (1959) ‘Some Notes on Law and Change in North India’, Economic Development and Cultural Change 8(1).Google Scholar
Curtin, D. (1991) ‘Toward an Ecological Ethic of Care’, Hypatia 6(1): 6074.Google Scholar
Dash, T. and Khotari, A. (2012) ‘Grabbing: Dangers of the Green India Mission’ in Kohli, K. and Menon, M. (eds) Banking on Forests: Assets for a Climate Cure? Delhi/Pune: Kalpavriksh and Henrich Boll Stiftung.Google Scholar
Dash, T. and Khotari, A. (2013) ‘Forest Rights and Conservation in India’ in Jonas, H., Suneetha, H.J. and Subramanian, M. (eds) Right to Responsibility: Resisting and Engaging Development, Conservation, and the Law in Asia. Natural Justice and UNU-IAS Institute of Advanced Studies. Available at: <https://www.iucn.org/content/right-responsibility-new-book-peer-review-1> (accessed 7 December 2016).Google Scholar
Fimi, I.I.W.S.F. (2006) Mairin iwanka raya: Indigenous Women Stand Against Violence, a Companion Report to the United Nations Secretary-General's Study on Violence Against Women. New York: International Indigenous Women's Forum FIMI.Google Scholar
Fraser, N. (1998) Social Justice in the Age of Identity Politics: Redistribution, Recognition, Participation. Berlin: Econstor EU.Google Scholar
Gadgil, M. and Guha, R. (1992) This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India. Berkeley and Los Angeles: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Galanter, M. (1968) ‘The Displacement of Traditional Law in Modern India’, Journal of Social Issues 14(4): 6791.Google Scholar
Galanter, M. (1983) ‘Making Law Work for the Oppressed’, The Other Side III(2): 715.Google Scholar
Galligan, D. and Sandler, D. (2004) ‘Implementing Human Rights’ in Halliday, S. and Schmidt, P. (eds) Human Rights Brought Home: Socio-Legal Perspectives on Human Rights in the National Context North America (US and Canada). Oxford and Portland, OR: Hart Publishing.Google Scholar
Gauri, V. and Brinks, D.M. (2008) Courting Social Justice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gauri, V. and Gloppen, S. (2012) ‘Human Rights-Based Approaches to Development: Concepts, Evidence and Policy’, Polity 44(4): 485503.Google Scholar
Gidwani, V.K. (2006) ‘Subaltern Cosmopolitanism as Politics’, Antipode 38(1): 721.Google Scholar
Gilbert, J. and Doyle, C. (2011) ‘A New Dawn over the Land: Shedding Light on Collective Ownership and Consent’ in Allen, S. and Xanthaki, A. (eds) Reflections on the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Oxford, UK: Hart Publishing.Google Scholar
Government Of India (2012) The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Bill, 2006. New Delhi: Government of India Controller of Publications.Google Scholar
Gowan, T. (2013) ‘Thinking Neoliberalism, Gender, Justice’, S&F ONLINE Barnard Center for Research on Women 11.1–11.2(Fall 2012/Spring 2013).Google Scholar
Harvey, D. (2005) A Brief History of Neoliberalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Himdhara (2014) ‘Action Alert! Tribal Women in Chamba Arrested!’. Available at: <http://www.himdhara.org/2014/03/26/action-alert-tribal-women-in-chamba-arrested/> (accessed 12 June 2014).+(accessed+12+June+2014).>Google Scholar
Humphreys, D. (2009) ‘Discourse as Ideology: Neoliberalism and the Limits of International Forest Policy’, Forest Policy and Economics 11: 319325.Google Scholar
Hunter, J. (2014) Rights-Based Land Reform in Scotland: Making the Case in the Light of International Experience, a discussion paper for Community Land Scotland.Google Scholar
Jackson, C. (1993) ‘Women/Nature or Gender/History? A Critique of Ecofeminist “Development”’, Journal of Peasant Studies 20(3): 389418.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jessop, B. (2002) ‘Liberalism, Neoliberalism, and Urban Governance’, Antipode 452: 452472.Google Scholar
Karanth, K.K. and Defries, R. (2010) ‘Conservation and Management in Human-Dominated Landscapes: Case Studies from India’, Biological Conservation 143: 28562869.Google Scholar
Kelly, M. (no date) ‘Michel Foucault (1926–1984)’, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (IEP). Available at: <http://www.iep.utm.edu/foucault/> (accessed 23 July 2015).+(accessed+23+July+2015).>Google Scholar
Kidder, R.L. (1977) ‘Western Law in India’, Sociological Inquiry 47(3–4): 155180.Google Scholar
Larson, C.L. and Murtadha, K. (2002) ‘Leadership for Social Justice’, Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education 101(1): 137161.Google Scholar
Lemke, T. (2010) ‘“The Birth of Bio-Politics”: Michel Foucault's Lecture at the College de France on Neo-Liberal Governmentality’, Economy and Society 30(2): 190207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mawdsley, E. (1998) ‘After Chipko: From Environment to Region in Uttaranchal’, Journal of Peasant Studies 25(4): 3654.Google Scholar
Sambhav, K.S. (2013) ‘Rights without Benefits’, DownToEarth. Available at: <http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/rights-without-benefits> (accessed 17 March 2015).+(accessed+17+March+2015).>Google Scholar
Sarin, M. and Springate-Baginski, O. (2010) ‘India Forest Rights Act: The Anatomy of a Necessary but Not Sufficient Institutional Reform’ in Papers, I.D. (ed.) Research Programme Consortium for Improving Institutions for Pro-Poor Growth. Manchester, UK: IDPM School of Environment and DevelopmentUniversity of Manchester.Google Scholar
Selmeczi, A. (2009) ‘“… We Are Being Left to Burn because We Do Not Count”: Biopolitics, Abandonment, and Resistance’, Global Society 24(4): 519538.Google Scholar
Sen, A. (2001) Development as Freedom, 2nd edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Shiva, V. (1988) Staying Alive: Women, Ecology and Development. London: Zed Books.Google Scholar
Sigamany, I. (2015) ‘Destroying a Way of Life: Indigenous Peoples, the Forest Rights Act of India and Land Displacement of Indigenous Peoples’ in Satiroglu, I. and Choi, N. (eds) Development-Induced Displacement and Resettlement: New Perspectives on Persisting Problems. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
Sircar, O. (2012) ‘Spectacles of Emancipation: Reading Rights Differently in India's Legal Discourse’, Osgoode Hall Law Journal 49(3): 526573.Google Scholar
Springate-Baginski, O., Sarin, M., Ghosh, S., Dasgupta, P., Bose, I., Banerjee, A., Sarap, K., Misra, P., Behera, S., Reddy, M.G. and Rao, P.T. (2008) The Indian Forest Rights Act 2006: Commoning Enclosures. Norwich: Overseas Development Group, University of East Anglia.Google Scholar
Staudt, K. (1998) ‘The Feminization of Poverty: Global Perspectives’, Brown Journal of World Affairs 5(2): 215224.Google Scholar
Thorsen, D.E. (2010) ‘The Neoliberal Challenge – What Is Neoliberalism?’, Contemporary Readings in Law and Social Justice 2(2): 121.Google Scholar
Tugendhat, H. and Dictaan-Bang-Oa, E. (2013) Realizing Indigenous Women's Rights: A Handbook on the CEDAW. Baguio City, Philippines and Moreton-in-Marsh, England: Tebtebba Foundation, Forest Peoples Programme, Asia Indigneous Women's Network (AIWN).Google Scholar
Wilkinson, R. and Pickett, K. (2011) The Spirit Level: Why Greater Equality Makes Societies Stronger. New York: Bloomsbury Press.Google Scholar
Xaxa, V. (2004) ‘Women and Gender in the Study of Tribes in India’, Indian Journal of Gender Studies 11: 345367.Google Scholar