1. Hudson, Winthrop S., The Great Tradition of the American Churches (New York, 1953), 217, 219.Google Scholar

2. Saint Ignatius of Loyola, The Constitutions of the Society of Jesus (tr. Ganss, George E. S.J.; St. Louis, 1970), 210–229.Google Scholar

3. Caraman, Philip S.J., University of the Nations: The Story of the Gregorian University with Its Associated Institutes, the Biblical and Oriental, 1551–1962 (New York, 1981); Villoslada, Ricardo S.J., Storia del Collegio Romano dal suo inizio (1551) alla soppressione della Compagnia di Gesü (1773) (Rome, 1954).Google Scholar

4. For the English tradition we must await the bicentennial history of Georgetown University now in preparation by Emmett Curran, R., Ressmeyer Klein, Christa S.J. studied French Jesuit colleges in “The Jesuits and Catholic Boyhood in Nineteenth-Century New York City: A Study of St. John's College and the College of St. Francis Xavier, 1846–1912,” (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, 1976). The Italian story is in McKevitt, Gerald S.J., The University of Santa Clara: A History, 1851–1977 (Stanford, 1979). Dunn, Edward T. S.J., “A Gymnasium in Buffalo: The Early Years of Canisius College,” Urban Education, 18 (1984):426–437, probes German efforts.Google Scholar

5. Farrell, Allan P. S.J., The Jesuit Code of Liberal Education: Development and Scope of the Ratio Studiorum (Milwaukee, 1938).Google Scholar

6. [Maher, Zachaeus J. S.J., ed.], Selected Writings of Father Ledochowski (Chicago, 1946), 536–542.Google Scholar

7. The office of “commissarius,” a temporary representative of the father general whose authority superseded that of local provincials, but only in a specific area, as here education, was abolished by the 29th Jesuit general congregation in 1946.Google Scholar

8. Constitutions (ed. Ganss, ), 225 (parag. 499); 226 (parag. 493).Google Scholar

9. Hofstadter, Richard, Anti-Intellectualism in American Life (New York, 1963), 136.Google Scholar