1 The first phrases are those of Luigi Berlinguer and the last those of Gaetano Arfè quoted respectively from their articles in the special issue of the review Città e regione, III⁵ (May, 1977), dedicated to the problem of the universities.Google Scholar

2 “Perchè l'Italia non cammina,” Il Resto del Carlino (2 June 1978).Google Scholar

3 Ippolito, Felice, Università: Crisi sensa fine (Rome 1978), p. 101.Google Scholar

4 Mauro Cappellletti in “La drammatica crisi degli atenei italiani,” La Nazione (8 April 1978).Google Scholar

5 Arfè in the article cited above at n. 1.Google Scholar

6 Pirro, Vincenzo, “La ‘Riforma Gentile’ e il Fascismo,” Giornale storico della filosofia italiana, LII3 (1973).Google Scholar

7 Ippolito in the book cited above at n. 3, p. 32 ff.Google Scholar

8 Firpo, Luigi quoted in La Nazione, (2 April 1978), and in his article, “La cultura in una età di transizione,” Civiltà delle macchine (1968). I quote from the offprint kindly provided me by the author.Google Scholar

9 This and much of the following information comes from Domenico De Masi's heavily documented Dentro l'università (Milan, 1978).Google Scholar

10 Franchini, Andrea in Il Resto del Carlino (2 June 1978).Google Scholar

11 “I professori,” in Ulisse, (14 Nov. 1977).Google Scholar

12 Dalla riforma universitaria alla rivolta nelle facoltà (Milan [May] 1978).Google Scholar

13 Quoted here are the editors on p. 38 and Fabio Guzzini of the “Movimento degli studenti” on p. 108 of the book cited in the preceding note.Google Scholar

14 The whole story is published in Espresso (2 April 1978).Google Scholar

15 Quoted from the program in La Nazione (19 June 1978).Google Scholar

16 All thoroughly described in a special supplement to the 6 May 1978 issue of the PCI weekly, Rinascita .Google Scholar

17 In La Nazione (27 May 1978).Google Scholar

18 The author kindly provided me with a xerox copy of his typescript.Google Scholar

19 Express (22 May 1978).Google Scholar

20 That is all the PCI education expert was able to do in a speech partially published in La Nazione (30 May 1978).Google Scholar

21 These and many other relevant statistics are provided by the chief PCI education authority and the head of the Senate university committee, Carlo Bernardini, in Rinascita (21 April 1978).Google Scholar

22 “La proposta socialista,” in the issue of Città e regione cited above at n. 1.Google Scholar

23 Norme e programmi per gli studenti, anno accademico 1977–1978, published by the facoltà .Google Scholar

24 “Tesi di laurea in storia negli atenei toscani,” listed in the periodical publication Ricerche storiche, VII¹ (Jan.–June 1977).Google Scholar

25 I read a resume of the DC program in Il Resto del Carlino (2 June 1978), and the full text of the PCI program in appendix to Ippolito's Università, cited above at n. 3.Google Scholar

26 The figures are all in the book by De Masi cited above at n. 9.Google Scholar

27 From his interview in Espresso (9 April 1978).Google Scholar

28 Interview in Panorama (30 May 1978).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

29 In his article in the issue of Città e regione cited above at n. 1. Educational standards in Italy have not yet fallen to the point where Latin phrases need be translated, even in the PCI daily L'Unità. I will not suggest that they are any lower in the United States by translating this phrase here — or by pointing out the mistake in Latin grammar on the jacket cover of Clark's book.Google Scholar