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Further Consideration of Two Photographs Ascribed to Christian Hornberger1
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 13 May 2014
Extract
Two reactions to the essay on the earliest generation of missionary photographers in West Africa published earlier in HA set up trains of thought which deserve to be minuted here as a further contribution to our praxis with images of Africa in the nineteenth century. It was pointed out by two readers of the original article that a pair of the images which, it had been asserted (104), derive from the last phase of Hornberger's photographic work, were published very early on in a non-mission context: that of three women spinning and that of one man weaving (figures 1 and 2 below).
Both images exist as photographs, as stereographic vintage prints. Both were also published as wood engravings in mission periodicals (figures 3 and 4). Two readers of the original essay have pointed out that these images were conflated into a single engraving on page 211 of Richard Oberländer's Westafrika vom Senegal bis Benguela (Leipzig, 1874). In this image (figure 5), however, only two members of the group of spinning women are depicted, placed separately in the foreground, one on each side of the weaver. It is an ironic reflection on the quality of the documentation we have to fear in this field that Oberländer's caption—“Spinnende und webende Aschanti. (Nach einer Photographie)”—asserts specifically that the engraving was taken “from a photograph,” using the singular form.
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- Copyright © African Studies Association 1995
Footnotes
This paper continues one of the points raised in Paul Jenkins, “The Earliest Missionary Photographers in West Africa and the Portrayal of Indigenous People and Culture,” HA 20 (1993), 89–118. Page and figure numbers in paretheses refer to this article.
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Notes
2. The crafts which produced the wood engravings published in newspapers, journals, and books in the nineteenth century have since fallen into disuse, much as traditional typesetting has. Proper modern research on procedures and workshops would be an important contribution to the history of the published image of Africa in the nineteenth century, as would an easily accessible account of other techniques used at the time for transferring photographs to the medium of book printing.
3. Thomas Theye is currently working on the anthropological oeuvre of the Dammanns.
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