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⁸⁶ Comparable with a Minister President.Google Scholar

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¹⁰⁴ Erich Fischer, Vom Runden Tisch zum Grundgesetz, in Verfassungsdiskussion und Verfassungsgebung 1990 bis 1994 in Deutschland, Band 1 11 (Erich Fischer & Werner Künzel hrsg. eds., 2005).Google Scholar

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¹⁴⁹ Opinion polls taken in early February 1990 showed 54% for the SPD, followed by the PDS with 12% and the CDU with 11%. See Manfred Görtemaker, Der Weg zur deutschen Einheit, Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung, Deutsche Teilung — Deutsche Einheit, https://www.bpb.de/geschichte/deutsche-einheit/deutsche-teilung-deutsche-einheit/43745/der-weg-zur-einheit (last visited July 26, 2016). De Maiziere basically confirms this, saying that the polls predicted 53% for the SPD. See Maiziere, De, supra note 137, at 75.Google Scholar

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¹⁵⁹ De Maiziere Et Al., supra note 154, at 4. Part A. of the book (pages 1-167) is written by Lutz Wicke and Thomas de Maiziere, and Part B (pages 169–79) by Lothar de Maiziere. The authors emphasize in the book's preface, however, that all three authors stand behind the basic arguments of the entire book.Google Scholar

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¹⁷⁵ Id. at 9 (author translation).Google Scholar

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¹⁷⁹ Id. at 26 (author translation).Google Scholar

¹⁸⁰ Id. at 11.Google Scholar

¹⁸¹ Id. at 8, 11.Google Scholar

¹⁸² Id. at 8 (“[D]ie Gewährleistung einer lebenswerten und lebensfähigen Umwelt.”).Google Scholar

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²³¹ Gesetzblatt der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik [GBI DDR] 1990, 955.Google Scholar

²³² Unification Treaty, Art. 3.Google Scholar

²³³ (Author translation).Google Scholar

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²⁴⁰ Unification Treaty, Art. 31(4)(1) (author translation).Google Scholar

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²⁴⁵ See Bundesverfassungsgericht [BVerfG] [Federal Constitutional Court], Neue Juristische Wochenshrift [njw] 1975, 573, 575; see also Stern, supra note 244, at 291, para. 11.Google Scholar

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²⁴⁷ See Memoire, Aide, On Art. 31 in Fischer & Künzel, supra note 102, at Bd. II, 223 et seq., 240 (showing that UT's Aide Memoire states that the goal is to further develop equal rights of the sexes in “all areas of society and life”) (author translation).Google Scholar

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²⁴⁹ Id. Art. 5.Google Scholar

²⁵⁰ See Heitmann, supra note 113, at 220–21 (showing that Heitmann denies this and asserts that Art. 5 was only added to the UT because the western SPD and Die Grünen had insisted on it in pursuance of their own political agenda and both parties’ votes were necessary for the 2/3 majority to adopt the UT, a view that contradicts everything Schäuble and de Maiziere have said about the UT).Google Scholar

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²⁵³ Id. Art. 142.; see also Pieroth, Bodo & Schlink, Bernhard, Staatsrecht II, Grundrechte, para. 64 (26. Auflage 2010).Google Scholar

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²⁵⁶ See Pieroth & Schlink, supra note 253, at paras. 62, 63.Google Scholar

²⁵⁷ See Quint, supra note 202, at 74.Google Scholar

²⁵⁸ See Starck, Christian, Die Verfassungen der neuen Länder, in Josef Isensee & Paul Kirchhof (eds.), Handbuch des Staatsrechts der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, IX, § 208 para. 3 (1997) (showing that the first draft constitutions were presented in Saxony in late March 1990, in Saxony-Anhalt on June 29, 1990, and in Thuringia on Aug. 30, 1990); Würtenberger, supra note 92, at para. 37.Google Scholar

²⁵⁹ See Starck, supra note 258, at para. 3.Google Scholar

²⁶⁰ Quint, supra note 202, at 76.Google Scholar

²⁶¹ Id. at 77.Google Scholar

²⁶² Id. at 86–87.Google Scholar

²⁶³ Quint, supra note 99, at 311.Google Scholar

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²⁶⁵ Const. of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania, Art. 5, III.Google Scholar

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²⁶⁷ Const. of Saxony, Art. 7, I (emphasis added); Const. of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania, Art. 17, I–II; Const. of Berlin, Art. 20, I.Google Scholar

²⁶⁸ Const. of Brandenburg Art. 48, I; Const. of Saxony-Anhalt Art. 39, I; Const. of Thuringia Art. 36.Google Scholar

²⁶⁹ Const. of Brandenburg Art. 47, I; Const. Saxony-Anhalt Art. 40; Const. of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania Art. 17, II; Const. of Thuringia Art. 15.Google Scholar

²⁷⁰ Const. of Brandenburg Art. 45, I.Google Scholar

²⁷¹ Const. of Brandenburg Art. 29, II.Google Scholar

²⁷² Const. of Saxony-Anhalt Art. 27, I; Const. of Brandenburg Art. 28; Const. of Saxony Art. 101, I.Google Scholar

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²⁷⁴ Const. of Saxony-Anhalt Art. 39, II.Google Scholar

²⁷⁵ Const. of Saxony Art. 8.Google Scholar

²⁷⁶ Const. of Brandenburg Art. 12, III. For similar provisions, see the Const. of Saxony-Anhalt, Art. 34; Mecklenburgwest Pomerania, Art. 13; Thuringia, Art. 2 II; and Berlin Art. 10 III.Google Scholar

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²⁸⁰ Starck, supra note 258, at paras. 58 et seq.; Bremers, supra note 100, at 153 et seq. Google Scholar

²⁸¹ Supra, at 595, 596.Google Scholar

²⁸² See, e.g., Konrad Hesse, Grundzüge des Verfassungsrechts der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, para. 208 (20. Aufllage 1999).Google Scholar

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²⁸⁵ See, e.g., Const. of Saxony Art. 10, I; Const. of Brandenburg Art. 39, I; Const. of Saxony-Anhalt, Art. 2, I; Const. of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania Art. 12.Google Scholar

²⁸⁶ Const. of Saxony Art. 10 II; Const. of Brandenburg Art. 39, VIII (containing provisions that go back to Art. 33 (3) of the RTD).Google Scholar

²⁸⁷ Const. of Brandenburg Art. 39, VII; Const. of Saxony-Anhalt Art. 6, II; Const. Saxony Art. 34; Const. of Thuringia Art. 33.Google Scholar

²⁸⁸ See Arendt, supra note 26, at 25 (stating that “facts … do not disappear when historians or sociologists refuse to learn from them, though they may when everybody has forgotten them”).Google Scholar

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²⁹⁰ For an analysis of the 1989 Revolution's impact on unified Germany's constitutional law, see Jaggi, Stephan, The 1989 Revolution in East Germany and its Impact on Unified Germany'S Constitutional Law (Hart & Nomos, 2016).Google Scholar