1 S.C. Res. 1244, para. 10, U.N. Doc. S/RES/1244 (10 June 1999).Google Scholar

2 Id. at para. 6.Google Scholar

3 On the Authority of the Interim Administration in Kosovo, § 1.1, U.N. Doc. UNMIK/REG/1999/1 (25 July 1999).Google Scholar

4 On the Law Applicable in Kosovo, § 1.3, U.N. Doc. UNMIK/REG/1999/24 (12 Dec. 1999). The applicable human rights standards include: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, G.A. Res. 217A, 3d Sess., 1st plen. mtg., U.N. Doc. A/810 (12 Dec. 1948); The European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, 213 U.N.T.S. 221 (4 Nov. 1950); The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 999 U.N.T.S. 171 (16 Dec. 1966); The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 993 U.N.T.S. 3 (16 Dec. 1976); The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 660 U.N.T.S. 195 (7 Mar. 1966); The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, 1249 U.N.T.S. 13 (18 Dec. 1979); The Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 1465 U.N.T.S. 85 (10 Dec. 1984); The Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1577 U.N.T.S. 3 (20 Nov. 1989).Google Scholar

5 Author interviews (Nov. 2004).Google Scholar

6 On the Status, Privileges and Immunities of KFOR and UNMIK and their Personnel in Kosovo, § 3.1, U.N. Doc. UNMIK/REG/2000/47 (18 Aug. 2000).Google Scholar

7 Id. at § 3.2.Google Scholar

8 Id. at § 3.3.Google Scholar

9 U.N. Charter art. 105.Google Scholar

10 See, e.g., Ombudsperson Institution in Kosovo Special Report No. 1 on the Compatibility with Recognized International Standards of UNMIK Regulation No. 2000/47 on the Status, Privileges and Immunities of KFOR and UNMIK and their Personnel in Kosovo (18 August 2000) and on the Implementation of the Above Regulation (26 April 2001), http://www.ombudsperson kosovo.org/doc/spec%20reps/pdf/sr1.pdf; Carsten Stahn, The United Nations Transitional Administrations in Kosovo and East Timor: A First Analysis, 5 Max Planck Yearbook of U.N. Law 105, 161 (2001).Google Scholar

11 European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, supra note 4.Google Scholar

12 In 2001, the SRSG created a short-lived “detention review commission” for reviewing a specific category of SRSG-issued legal instruments: executive decisions detaining individuals outside the regular judicial system in Kosovo. The detention review commission is no longer in operation, and was only used in one case. While in operation, it was criticized for not meeting international human rights standards as regards the right of individuals to challenge the lawfulness of their detention. See, e.g., Ombudsperson Institution in Kosovo Special Report No. 4: Certain Aspects of UNMIK Regulation No. 2001/18 on the Establishment of a Detention Review Commission for Extra-Judicial Detentions Based on Executive Orders (12 September 2001), http://www.ombudspersonkosovo.org/doc/spec%20reps/pdf/sr4.pdf.Google Scholar

13 Author interview (Oct. 2005).Google Scholar

14 District Court of Pristina, E No. 1/2004 (16 July 2004)Google Scholar

15 Administrative Direction No. 2003/8 Implementing UNMIK Regulation No. 2000/36 on the Licensing and Regulation of the Broadcast Media in Kosovo and UNMIK Regulation No. 2000/37 on the Conduct of the Print Media in Kosovo, §§ 1.3, 1.10, U.N. Doc. UNMIK/DIR/2003/8 (8 April 2003).Google Scholar

16 Id. at § 1.5.Google Scholar

17 Author interview with UNMIK Department of Justice official (May 2006).Google Scholar

18 Supreme Court of Kosovo, AC 37/2004 (20 Aug. 2004).Google Scholar

19 District Court of Pristina, E No. 2/04 (14 Jan. 2005).Google Scholar

20 Special Chamber of the Supreme Court of Kosovo on Kosovo Trust Agency Matters, SCEL 04–0001 (9 June 2004).Google Scholar

21 On the Transformation of the Right of Use to Socially Owned Immovable Property, § 10, U.N. Doc. UNMIK/REG/2003/13 (9 May 2003).Google Scholar

22 Id.Google Scholar

23 On the Promulgation of the Anti-Discrimination Law Adopted by the Assembly of Kosovo, U.N. Doc. UNMIK/REG/2004/32 (20 Aug. 2004). After the promulgation of the law, the presiding judge in the Termosistem case requested clarification from the SRSG as to whether Regulation 2004/32 promulgating the anti-discrimination law supersedes inconsistent provisions of Regulation 2003/13. The SRSG confirmed that this is the case. Memorandum from the Special Representative of the Secretary-General (11 Jan. 2006) (on file with author).Google Scholar

24 Author interview (May 2006).Google Scholar

25 Municipal Court of Pristina, P. br. 3044/04 (16 Mar. 2005).Google Scholar

26 UNMIK press briefing (23 Mar. 2005).Google Scholar

27 Author interview with UNMIK official (May 2006).Google Scholar

28 Supreme Court of Kosovo, Pn-Kr 333/05 (30 January 2006); Supreme Court of Kosovo, Pn-Kr 335/2005 (30 Jan. 2006).Google Scholar

29 On the Provisional Criminal Procedure Code of Kosovo, U.N. Doc. UNMIK/REG/2003/26 (6 July 2003).Google Scholar

30 Author interview with UNMIK Department of Justice official (May 2006).Google Scholar

31 The regulation specifies:Google Scholar

The law applicable in Kosovo shall be:Google Scholar

(a) The regulations promulgated by the Special Representative of the Secretary-General and subsidiary instruments issued thereunder; andGoogle Scholar

(b) The law in force in Kosovo on 22 March 1989.Google Scholar

In case of a conflict, the regulations and subsidiary instruments issued thereunder shall take precedence.Google Scholar

UNMIK/REG/1999/24, supra note 4, at § 1.1 (emphasis added).Google Scholar

32 Report Submitted by the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo to the Human Rights Committee on the Human Rights Situation in Kosovo since June 1999, at 29, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/UNK/1 (13 Mar. 2006).Google Scholar

33 For an overview of the state of Kosovo's judiciary, see the reports of the Legal Systems Monitoring Section of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) mission in Kosovo, available on the mission's website at http://www.osce.org/kosovo. The OSCE mission forms a distinct component of UNMIK.Google Scholar

34 On the Establishment of the Ombudsperson Institution in Kosovo, U.N. Doc. UNMIK/REG/2000/38 (30 June 2000).Google Scholar

35 Id. at § 2.1.Google Scholar

36 Id. at § 3.1.Google Scholar

37 Id. at § 4.1.Google Scholar

38 Special Report No. 1, supra note 10.Google Scholar

39 Ombudsperson Institution in Kosovo Special Report No. 3 on the Conformity of Deprivations of Liberty under ‘Executive Orders’ with Recognised International Standards (29 June 2001), http://www.ombudspersonkosovo.org/doc/spec%20reps/pdf/sr3.pdf.Google Scholar

40 Ombudsperson Institution in Kosovo Special Report No. 5 On Certain Aspects of UNMIK Regulation No. 2001/17 on the Registration of Contracts for the Sale of Real Property in Specific Geographical Areas of Kosovo (29 Oct. 2001), http://www.ombuds personkosovo.org/doc/spec%20reps/pdf/sr5.pdf.Google Scholar

41 Author interview with Marek Antoni Nowicki (Nov. 2004).Google Scholar

42 Human Rights Committee, Concluding Observations of the Human Rights Committee Kosovo (Republic of Serbia), at 3, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/UNK/CO/1, (14 August 2006), available at http://www.unhchr.ch/TBS/doc.nsf/7cec89369c43a6dfc1256a2a0027ba2a/58c3c45e32382c0fc1257220003e967b/$FILE/G0643691.doc.Google Scholar

43 Nowicki, Marek Antoni, The Human Rights Situation in Kosovo, Address at the Meeting of the Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (16 Mar. 2004).Google Scholar

44 Id.Google Scholar

45 On the Ombudsperson Institution in Kosovo, U.N. Doc. UNMIK/REG/2006/6 (16 Feb. 2006).Google Scholar

46 Id. at § 3.4.Google Scholar

47 On the Establishment of the Human Rights Advisory Panel, U.N. Doc. UNMIK/REG/2006/12 (23 Mar. 2006).Google Scholar

48 Author interview (July 2006). As this article is being prepared, three jurists proposed by the President of the European Court of Human Rights for membership on the Panel are awaiting appointment. One of the individuals proposed is Marek Nowicki, the former international Ombudsperson in Kosovo.Google Scholar

49 UNMIK/REG/2006/12, supra note 47, at § 1.2. The full list of international instruments is: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, G.A. Res. 217A, 3d Sess., 1st plen. mtg., U.N. Doc. A/810 (12 Dec. 1948); The European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, 213 U.N.T.S. 221 (4 Nov. 1950); The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 999 U.N.T.S. 171 (16 Dec. 1966); The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 993 U.N.T.S. 3 (16 Dec. 1976); The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 660 U.N.T.S. 195 (7 Mar. 1966); The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, 1249 U.N.T.S. 13 (18 Dec. 1979); The Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 1465 U.N.T.S. 85 (10 Dec. 1984); The Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1577 U.N.T.S. 3 (20 Nov. 1989).Google Scholar

50 UNMIK/REG/2006/12, supra note 47, at § 2.Google Scholar

51 Id. at §§ 14, 17.1.Google Scholar

52 Id. at § 17.3.Google Scholar

53 Author Correspondence with International Official in Kosovo (July 2006).Google Scholar

54 Human Rights Committee, supra note 42, at 3. While this section is focused on non-judicial mechanisms within Kosovo for reviewing SRSG/UNMIK conduct, one should be aware that UNMIK recently submitted a report on the overall human rights situation in Kosovo to the Human Rights Committee and the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, as well as a report on implementation of the principles contained in the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities to the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe. The submission of these reports allows for some broad non-judicial oversight of UNMIK conduct by international bodies.Google Scholar