In the Geol. Mag. Dec. II. Vol. X. pp. 462–3, a Synopsis of the Genera of Fossil Phyllopoda was offered as a basis for the study of these interesting, though often obscure, little fossils, and some of the Bivalved forms, namely, Hymenocaris, Caryocaris, and Lingulocaris, were more especially noticed. See also “Report British Assoc.” for 1882. The univalve forms (excepting Dithyrocaris) have since then been carefully studied; and the classification proposed last year is found to hold good, with some slight modification, on comparison of all the species of which specimens or published figures have come to hand. Thus the term “flat-shield” is not strictly correct, for some of these carapaces are subconical or slightly convex; and one at least (Dipterocaris) is bent like a low ridge along the back: Pinnocaris is possibly really bivalved, without the triangular rostral piece; and probably Barrande's Crescentilla may be placed with Pterocaris and Dipterocaris.

As I have prepared descriptions of nearly all the fossils of Victoria collected by the Geological Survey under Mr. Selwyn for some years, I have been urged to make a preliminary publication in the Geological Magazine of some ofthe remarkable forms, and I now forward my descriptive note of the two Tertiary Trigoniœ, on account of Mr. Jenkins' paper in the May number of this Journal, in which one of them is referred to the recent T. Lamarckii. I feel assured that if Mr. Jenkins will look at the edge along the ribs, towards the beak of a recent specimen of T. Lamarckii and my T. acuticostata from the Tertiary beds, he will at once appreciate the distinctive form of the ribs which I point out and figure in the annexed woodcut.

The theory of permanent Continents and Oceanic basins, opposed as it is to the general teaching of text-books, seems to have given rise to comparatively little discussion. In the latest edition, for instance, of Lyell's Principles, we read: “It is not too much to say that every spot which is now dry land has been sea at some former period, and every part of the space now covered by the deepest ocean has been land.” The new theory has been upheld chiefly by Sir Wyville Thomson, Prof. Geikie and Mr. Wallace. The latter especially has collected every kind of evidence together that seems to support it in his latest, and most admirable work, “Island Life.” By a process of reasoning, supported by a large array of facts of different kinds, he arrives at the conclusion that the distribution of life upon the land, as we now see it, has been accomplished without the aid of important changes in the relative positions of continents and seas. Yet if we accept his views, we must believe that Asia and Africa, Madagascar and Africa, New Zealand and Australia, Europe and America, have been united at some period not remote geologically, and that seas to the depth of 1000 fathoms have been bridged over; but we must treat as “utterly gratuitous, and entirely opposed to all the evidences at our command,” the supposition that temperate Europe and temperate America, Australia and South America, have ever been connected, except by way of the Arctic or Antarctic Circles, and that—lands now separated by seas of more than 1000 fathoms depth have ever been united.

The ancient rocks of Leicestershire may be taken to comprise the pre-Cambrian volcanic and sedimentary rocks of Charnwood Forest, and the igneous rocks intrusive into them, viz. the dacite-porphyrites of Bardon Hill, Peldar, and High Sharpley, etc., the granophyric diorites and porphyrites within and south-west of the Forest and in South Leicestershire, and the Mountsorrel granite or granodiorite. There is reason to believe that all except the last are pre-Cambrian in age: for the last a post-Silurian age seems most probable. These ancient rocks are now exposed through the removal of the Keuper Marl, whichhad largely if not completely buried them. In glacial times, however, small areas have been reburied under glacial deposits.

This communication is the outcome of work carried out during the years 1895–1901 in the service of the Geological Survey of Scotland. Although this systematic work has been confined to the Isle of Skye, information incidentally acquired, and the published literature of the British Tertiary rocks, indicate for the conclusions arrived at a much wider application. In this place the results must be set down without the detailed observations upon which they are based.

In parts of Rosedale and Farndale the Serpula Beds are exactly as in Fryup and Danby; they consist of very fine-grained sandstones or silts, blue, grey, green, yellow, or brown in colour, according to the degree of oxidation, and always full of worm tubes. In many specimens it is clear that practically the whole of the material has been passed through the bodies of worms, leading to a very confused structure. The worm tubes may be several inches long: they are only occasionally vertical or straight, but usually arranged in an irregular manner. Fossils, usually broken and badly preserved, are sporadic, but deter-minable ammonites of the striatulum and dispansum zones have been recorded in different parts of the area (Macmillan, 1932, and this paper).

The Nahan sandstone of the Nainital district is a soft, fine-grained sandstone of subgreywacke type. Like massive igneous rocks it is very well exfoliated and consists of many concentric layers. Petrographic study of different layers of this sandstone, modal analysis, grain size analysis, and size distribution of the various samples, have revealed that physical processes are mainly responsible for exfoliation of the sandstone. The study of various sedimentary parameters indicated that the provenance is from the schistose and granitic rocks of the surrounding Himalayan mountains and the material was deposited in a shallow slowly sinking basin.

On several previous occasions the author has described in the pages of the Geological Magazine certain fossils from so-called “Slade Beds” from the roadside near St. Martin's Cemetery, Haverfordwest. A large collection of fossils has been made by Mr. V. M. Turnbull from this particular locality during the last few years and presented to the Sedgwick Museum. From a prolonged study of this material and comparison with the typical fauna of the Slade Beds as described by Messrs. Marr & Roberts, the conclusion has been forced upon me that we have here to deal with a higher palæontological horizon than the true Upper Bala of this district, and that there is much more reason for putting it in the Silurian than for keeping it in the Ordovician. The stratigraphical evidence which has subsequently become available is in support of this view. A list of the fossils from this bed may be useful at the present moment, particularly as the Sedgwick Museum possesses by far the most extensive series which has been collected from it (see opposite page, 537).

The rock in which they occur is a greenish-grey, fine-grained, argillaceous mudstone with occasionally minute specks of mica and a little arenaceous material, but usually of a very uniform smooth texture. It breaks in an irregular, often subconchoidal manner, and is devoid of any regular or weil-marked planes of division. Exposed surfaces and the fossils themselves are generally more or less iron-stained. In appearance and general characters it is difficult or impossible to distinguish the rock from the higher beds of the Slade Series, but the fauna is completely different.

The following description of Egyptian foraminiferal limestones is based on a series of specimens transmitted to me by Dr. H. Woodward, F.R.S., on behalf of Captain H. G. Lyons, F.G.S.The series comprises specimens from the Eocene and Mioceneof the eastern side of the Eed Sea Hills, collected by Mr. ThomasBarron, F.G.S.; and specimens from the Eocene of the east sideof the Nile, between Assiut and Qena, and from the Baharia andFarafra Oases, collected by Mr. H. J. L. Beadnell, F.G.S. A greatamount of interest attaches to these rocks, both as regards theirgeneral character and preservation, and also with respect to theirmicrozoic contents.

Recent studies of the glacial phenomena as exhibited in the State of New Hampshire and adjoining regions enable us to maintain the following propositions.

Quiting the more northern parts of the great Atlantic depression, we have next to consider an extensive water-space of a much shallower character. Here the volcanic masses of Iceland and the Fseroes with their submarine attachments have produced a marked effect on the depths of the ocean. The Norwegian Atlantic connects with the main Atlantic by three straits, whose central channels present the following depths at their shallowest:—

This paper is an endeavour to demonstrate a development in the fringe of the Trinucleidae, which attained its acme in the Upper Ashgillian as exemplified by the Girvan species Tretaspis cerioides (Angelin) var. sortita Reed.

Certain deposits in the neighbourhood of the Seberuang Eiver, a tributary of the Kapuas in Western Borneo, were described by E. Everwijn in 1854 as containing numerous so-called “Nummulites.” Similar organisms were obtained at a later date from the same district by Dr. F. Schneider, which were examined by Dr. K. Von Fritsch and proved to belong to the genus Patellina. Two new forms were described and figured under the names of P. scutum and P. Irochus, whilst the occurrence of Patellina itself suggested to Von Fritsch. the probability of the beds in question being of Cretaceous age.