Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T00:56:05.015Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Palaeoscolecids from the Balang Fauna of the Qiandongian (Cambrian Series 2), Guizhou, China

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2015

JIN PENG*
Affiliation:
College of Resource and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550003, China State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
DIYING HUANG
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
YUANLONG ZHAO
Affiliation:
College of Resource and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550003, China
HAIJING SUN
Affiliation:
College of Resource and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550003, China
*
Author for correspondence: [email protected]

Abstract

Wronascolex is a taxon of palaeoscolecids. It is commonly represented by isolated button-like microfossils or compressed individuals, which are found worldwide in strata ranging from the Cambrian Series 2 to Series 3. The earliest representative of Wronascolex is known from the Sinsk Formation of the lower Cambrian of the Siberian Platform. Other species occur in Burgess Shale-type biotas of Cambrian age from Australia, Spain and North America. New palaeoscolecid material from the Balang Fauna of the Cambrian Series 2 of eastern Guizhou represents a new species of Wronascolex, W. geyiensis sp. nov., and extends the geographic and stratigraphic distribution of Wronascolex, as well as providing additional evidence for understanding its morphology based upon correlation of body configuration and cuticular ornaments.

Type
Original Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bergeron, J. 1899. Etude de quelques trilobites de Chine. Bulletin de la Société géologique de France 27, 499516.Google Scholar
Blaker, M. R. & Peel, J. S. 1997. Lower Cambrian trilobites from North Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland Geosciences 35, 1145.Google Scholar
van den Boogaard, M. 1983. The occurrence of Hadimopanella oezgueli Gedik in the Lancara Formation in NW Spain. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie Van Wetenschappen, Ser. B: Palaeontology, Geology, Physics, Chemistry and Anthropology 86, 331–41.Google Scholar
van den Boogaard, M. 1988. Some data on Milaculum Müller, 1973. Scripta Geologica 88, 125.Google Scholar
Butterfield, N. J. & Harvey, T. H. P. 2012. Small carbonaceous fossils (SCFs): a new measure of early Paleozoic paleobiology. Geology 40, 71–4.Google Scholar
Chien, Y.-Y. 1961. Cambrian trilobites from Shandu and Duyun Counties, Guizhou Province, south China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 9, 91129 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Conway Morris, S. 1977. Fossil priapulid worms. Special Papers in Palaeontology 20, 195.Google Scholar
Conway Morris, S. 1997. The cuticular structure of the 495-Myr-old type species of the fossil worm Palaeoscolex, P. piscatorum (?Priapulida). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 119, 6982.Google Scholar
Conway Morris, S. & Robison, R. A. 1986. Middle Cambrian priapulids and other soft-bodied fossils from Utah and Spain. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions 117, 122.Google Scholar
Delage, Y. & Hérouard, E. 1897. Les Vermidiens. Traités de Zoologie Concréte tome 5. Paris: Schleicher, 372 pp.Google Scholar
Duan, B. C., Dong, X.-P. & Donoghue, P. C. J. 2012. New palaeoscolecid worms from the Furongian (Upper Cambrian) of Hunan, south China: is Markuelia an embryonic palaeoscolecid? Palaeontology 55, 613–22.Google Scholar
García-Bellido, D. C. & Aceñolaza, G. F. 2005. Organismos de cuerpo blando en los estratos Cámbricos del noroeste Argentino. In XVI Congreso Geológico Argentino, 3 (eds Llambías, E., de Barrio, R., González, P. & Leal, P.), pp. 467–74. La Plata, Argentina.Google Scholar
García-Bellido, D. C. & Aceñolaza, G. F. 2011. The worm Palaeoscolex from the Cambrian of NW Argentina: extending the biogeography of Cambrian priapulids to South America. Alcheringa 35, 531–8.Google Scholar
García-Bellido, D. C., Paterson, J. R. & Edgecombe, G. D. 2013. Cambrian palaeoscolecids (Cycloneuralia) from Gondwana and reappraisal of species assigned to Palaeoscolex . Gondwana Research 24, 780–95Google Scholar
Gedik, I. 1977. Conodont biostratigraphy in the Middle Taurus. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Turkey 20, 3548.Google Scholar
Glaessner, M. F. 1979. Lower Cambrian Crustacea and annelid worms from Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Alcheringa 3, 2131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harvey, T. H. P., Dong, X.-P. & Donoghue, P. C. J. 2010. Are palaeoscolecids ancestral ecdysozoans? Evolution & Development 12, 177200.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hinz, I., Kraft, P., Mergl, M. & Müller, K. J. 1990. The problematic Hadimopanella, Kaimenella, Milaculum and Utahphospha identified as sclerites of Palaeoscolecida. Lethaia 23, 217–21.Google Scholar
Hou, X.-G. & Bergström, J. 1994. Palaeoscolecid worms may be nematomorphs rather than annelids. Lethaia 27, 11–7.Google Scholar
Hou, X.-G. & Sun, W.-G. 1988. Discovery of Chengjiang Fauna at Meishucun, Jinning, Yunnan. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 27, 112 (in Chinese with English summary).Google Scholar
Hu, S.-X. 2005. Taphonomy and palaeoecology of the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Biota from Eastern Yunnan, China. Berliner Paläebiologische Abhandlungen 7, 1197.Google Scholar
Hu, S.-X., Li, Y., Luo, H.-L., Fu, X.-P., You, T., Pang, J.-Y., Liu, Q. & Sterner, M. 2008. New record of palaeoscolecids from the Early Cambrian of Yunnan, China. Acta Geologica Sinica 82, 244–8.Google Scholar
Hu, S.-X., Sterner, M., Zhu, M.-Y., Luo, H.-L., Forchielli, A., Keupp, H., Zhao, F.-C. & Liu, Q. 2012. A new priapulid assemblage from the early Cambrian Guanshan fossil Lagerstätte of SW China. Bulletin of Geosciences 87, 93106.Google Scholar
Huang, D.-Y., Chen, J.-Y. & Vannier, J. 2006. Origin and early evolution of small animal phyla: Priapulida. Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere 36, 312–4.Google Scholar
Huang, D.-Y., Chen, J.-Y., Zhu, M.-Y. & Zhao, F.-C. 2014 The burrow dwelling behavior and locomotion of palaeoscolecidian worms: new fossil evidence from the Cambrian Chengjiang fauna. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 398, 154–64.Google Scholar
Huang, D.-Y., Vannier, J. & Chen, J.-Y. 2004. Recent Priapulidae and their Early Cambrian ancestors: comparisons and evolutionary significance. Geobios 37, 217–28.Google Scholar
Ivantsov, A. Y. & Wrona, R. 2004. Articulated palaeoscolecid sclerite arrays from the Lower Cambrian of eastern Siberia. Acta Geologica Polonica 54, 122.Google Scholar
Ivantsov, A. Y. & Zhuravlev, A. Y. 2005. Paleontological description: cephalorhynchs. In Unikal’nye Sinsliye Mestonakhozhdeniya Rannekembriyskikh Organizmov (ed. Ponomarenko, A. G.), pp. 6172. Moscow: Trudy Paleontogicheskogo Instituta 284 (in Russian with English summary).Google Scholar
Kraft, P. & Mergl, M. 1989. Worm-like fossils (Palaeoscolecida; ?Chaetognatha) from the Lower Ordovician of Bohemia. Sborník Geologických věd Paleontologie 30, 936.Google Scholar
Liu, J. N., Ou, Q., Han, J., Zhang, Z. F., He, T. J., Yao, X. Y., Fu, D. J. & Shu, D. G. 2012. New occurrence of the Cambrian (Stage 4, Series 2) Guanshan Biota in Huize, Yunnan, South China. Bulletin of Geosciences 87, 125–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lu, Y.-H., Zhang, W.-T., Qian, Y.-Y., Zhu, Z.-L., Lin, H.-L., Zhou, Z.-Y., Qian, Y., Zhang, S.-G. & Wu, H.-J. 1974. Cambrian trilobites. In Handbook of Stratigraphy and Paleontology in Southwest China (ed. Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences), pp. 82107. Beijing: Science Press (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Luo, H.-L., Li, Y., Hu, S.-X., Fu, X.-P., Hou, S.-G., Liu, X.-Y., Chen, L.-Z., Li, F.-J., Pang, J.-Y. & Liu, Q. 2008. Early Cambrian Malong Fauna and Guanshan Fauna from Eastern Yunnan China. Kunming: Yunnan Science and Technology Press, 134 pp., 40 pls. (in Chinese with English summary).Google Scholar
Ma, H., Peng, J., Zhao, Y.-Y., Da, Y. & Sun, H. 2011. Discovery of the Balang Fauna at Luojiatang, Yangqiao, Cengong, Guizhou, and its significance in the early evolution of Metazoa. Geological Review 57, 743–8 (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Mikulic, D. G., Briggs, D. E. G. & Klussendorf, J. 1985. A new exceptionally preserved biota from the Lower Silurian of Wisconsin, U.S.A. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences 311, 7585.Google Scholar
Müller, K. J. 1973. Milaculum n.g., ein phosphatischer Mikrofossil aus dem Altpaläozoikum. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 47, 217–28.Google Scholar
Müller, K. J. & Hinz-Schallreuter, I. 1993. Palaeoscolecid worms from the middle Cambrian of Australia. Palaeontology 36, 549–92.Google Scholar
Nedin, C. 1995. The Emu Bay Shale, a Lower Cambrian fossil Lagerstätten, Kangaroo Island, South Australia of Australasian Association of Palaeontologists Memoir 18, 3140.Google Scholar
Öpik, A. A. 1970. Redlichia of the Ordian (Cambrian of northern Australia and New South Wales). Bulletin of Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics 114, 166.Google Scholar
Peng, J. 2009. The Qiandongian (Cambrian) Balang Fauna from Eastern Guizhou, South China. Ph.D. thesis, Nanjing University, China, 137 pp., 40 pls. Published thesis (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Peng, S.-C. & Babcock, E. L. 2001. Cambrian of the Hunan-Guizhou region, South China. In Cambrian System of South China (eds Peng, S.-C., Babcock, E. L. & Zhu, M.-Y.), pp. 351. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China Press.Google Scholar
Peng, J., Feng, H.-Z., Fu, X.-P., Zhao, Y.-L. & Yao, L. 2010. New bradoriid arthropods from the Early Cambrian Balang Formation of Eastern Guizhou, South China. Acta Geologica Sinica 84, 5668.Google Scholar
Peng, J., Zhao, Y.-L. & Sun, H.-J. 2012. Discovery and significance of Naraoia from the Qiandongian (lower Cambrian) Balang Formation eastern Guizhou, South China. Bulletin of Geosciences 87, 143–50.Google Scholar
Peng, J., Zhao, Y.-L., Wu, Y.-S., Yuan, J.-L. & Tai, T.-S. 2005. The Balang Faunaa new early Cambrian Fauna from Kaili City, Guizhou Province. Chinese Science Bulletin 50, 1159–62.Google Scholar
Resser, C. E. 1929. New Lower and Middle Cambrian Crustacea. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 76, 1–18.Google Scholar
Robison, R. A. 1969. Annelids from the Middle Cambrian Spence Shale of Utah. Journal of Paleontology 43, 1169–73.Google Scholar
Robison, R. A. 1991. Middle Cambrian biotic diversity: examples from four Utah Lagerstätten. In The Early Evolution of the Metazoa and the Significance of Problematic Taxa (eds Simonetta, A. M. & Morris, S. Conway), pp. 7798. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Topper, T. P., Brock, G. A., Skovsted, C. B. & Paterson, J. R. 2010. Palaeoscolecid scleritome fragments with Hadimopanella plates from the early Cambrian of South Australia. Geological Magazine 147, 8697.Google Scholar
Ulrich, E. O. 1878. Observations on fossil annelids, and descriptions of some new forms. Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History 1, 8791.Google Scholar
Walcott, C. D. 1905. Cambrian faunas of China. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 29, 1–106.Google Scholar
Wang, W.-J., Muir, L. A., Botting, J. P., Feng, H.-Z., Servais, T. & Li, L.-X. 2014. A Tremadocian (Early Ordovician) palaeoscolecidan worm from graptolitic shales in Hunan Province, South China. Palaeontology 57, 657–71.Google Scholar
Whittard, W. F. 1953. Palaeoscolex piscatorum gen. et sp. nov., a worm from the Tremadocian of Shropshire. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 109, 125–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wills, M. A. 1998. Cambrian and recent disparity: the picture from priapulids. Paleobiology 24, 177–99.Google Scholar
Yan, Q.-J., Peng, J., Zhao, Y.-L., Wen, R.-Q. & Sun, H.-J. 2014. Restudy of sedimentary and biostratigraphy of the Qiandongian (Cambrian) Balang Formation at Jianhe, Guizhou, China – example for the Jiaobang Section of the Balang Formation. Geological Review 60, 893902.Google Scholar
Yin, G.-Z. 1987. Cambrian. In Regional Geology of Guizhou Province. Geological Memoirs Series 1 (7) (ed. Bureau of Guizhou Geology and Mineral Resources), pp. 4996. Beijing: PRC Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources, Geological Publishing Press (in Chinese with English summary).Google Scholar
Yin, G.-Z. 1996. Division and correlation of Cambrian in Guizhou. Guizhou Geology 13 (2), 115–28 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Yuan, J.-L., Zhao, Y.-L. & Li, Y. 2001. Biostratigraphy of oryctocephalid trilobites. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 40 (Suppl.), 143–56.Google Scholar
Yuan, J.-L., Zhao, Y.-L. & Yang, X.-L. 2006. Speciation of the genus Arthricocephalus Bergeron, 1899 (Trilobita) from the late Early Cambrian and its stratigraphic significance. Progress in Natural Science 16, 614–23.Google Scholar
Zhang, X.-G. & Pratt, B.-R. 1996. Early Cambrian palaeoscolecid cuticles from Shaanxi, China. Journal of Paleontology 70, 275–79.Google Scholar
Zhao, Y.-L., Parsley, R. L. & Peng, J. 2007. Early Cambrian eocrinoids from Guizhou Province, South China. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 254, 317–27.Google Scholar
Zhao, Y.-L., Yuan, J.-L., Huang, Y.-Z, Mao, J.-R., Qian, Y., Zhang, Z.-H. & Gong, X.-Y. 1994. Middle Cambrian Kaili Fauna in Taijiang, Guizhou. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 33, 263–71 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Zhou, T.-M., Liu, Y.-R., Meng, X.-S. & Sun, Z.-H. 1977. Trilobita. In Paleontological Handbook of Central and Southern China: Part I, Early Palaeozoic Era (eds Wang, X. F. & Jin, Y.), pp. 104266. Beijing: Sciences Press (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Zhou, Z.-Y. & Yuang, J.-L. 1980. Lower Cambrian trilobite succession in southwest China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 19, 331–9 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Zhou, Z.-Y., Yuang, J.-L., Zhang, Z.-H., Wu, X.-R. & Yin, G.-Z. 1979. The Cambrian bio-geographical realm divided in Guizhou Province, South China and adjacent to region. Journal of Stratigraphy 3, 258–71 (in Chinese).Google Scholar