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The influence of sampling from different canopy positions on the evaluation of flower bud anomalies and dormancy in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 March 2003

Raffaella Viti ,
Susanna Bartolini  and
Rolando Guerriero
Raffaella Viti
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Difesa e Coltivazione delle Specie Legnose, Universita' di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
Susanna Bartolini
Affiliation:
Scuola Superiore “S. Anna” di Studi Universitari e di Perfezionamento, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
Rolando Guerriero
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Difesa e Coltivazione delle Specie Legnose, Universita' di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Abstract

Introduction. For some species such as P. armeniaca, overcoming dormancy may be problematic when cold requirements are not satisfied. Moreover, the different positions of flower buds on the tree canopy and on the apical and basal portions of twigs can influence their development. Sampling problems have not been extensively studied. Therefore, the effect of different sectors (west and east), of different heights (top and bottom) of the canopy and of twig portions (medium-apical and medium-basal) on the break of dormancy in the apricot tree was evaluated. Attention was also focused on floral anomalies in relation to the flower bud position on the twig, in order to identify the least variable portion of twigs and thus provide useful information for optimization of periodic bud sampling. Materials and methods. Two cultivars of P. armeniaca with different chilling requirements were chosen: `San Castrese' and `Orange Red'. The end of endo-dormancy was evaluated from December to blooming time by traditional biological approaches, such as increase in flower bud fresh weight and evolution of the bud phenological stage, before and after 7 d under forcing conditions. In addition, the percentage of floral anomalies was considered in relation to the flower bud position on the twig. Results and conclusion. The results showed that canopy and twig positions exerted different effects on the breaking of the flower bud endo-dormancy, and some practical applications can be drawn from them for the best sampling design inside the tree structure: the west orientation of the canopy and the medium-apical portion of the twig were the best positions to obtain an earlier active growth of buds, allowing the prediction of endo-dormancy breaking. The analysis of flower anomalies showed considerable differences depending on the position of the bud on the twig. High percentages of anomalous buds were observed in the medium-basal portion of the twig, which could distort the results on the evaluation of overcoming dormancy, due to a weaker growth trend of flower buds.

Keywords

ItalyPrunus armeniacamethodssamplingplant developmental stagesfloweringdormancy breakingsite factorsItaliePrunus armeniacaméthodeéchantillonnagestade de développement végétalfloraisonlevée de dormancefacteur lié au site
Type
Research Article
Information
Fruits , Volume 58 , Issue 2 , March 2003 , pp. 117 - 126
Copyright
© CIRAD, EDP Sciences

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