Reducing negative attitudes toward older adults is an urgent issue. A previous study has conducted “stereotype embodiment theory”-based interventions (SET interventions) that present participants with the contents of SET and related empirical findings. I focus on the subjective time to become older (the perception of how long people feel it will be before they become old) as a mechanism for the effect of SET interventions. I make the SET intervention group and the control group in which the participants are presented with an irrelevant vignette. The data from 641 participants (M = 31.97 years) were analyzed. Consequently, the SET intervention shortened the subjective time to become older and reduced negative attitudes toward older adults. When considering SET interventions, it would be useful to focus not only on the self-interested motives to avoid age discrimination but also on the subjective time to become older.

The unfolded protein response has recently been implicated as a mechanism by which 1,10-phenanthroline-containing coordination compounds trigger cell death. We explored the interaction of two such compounds—one containing copper and one containing manganese—with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Pretreatment with anisomycin significantly enhanced the cytotoxic activity of both metal-based compounds in A2780, but only the copper-based compound in A549 cells. The effects of pretreatment with tunicamycin were dependent on the nature of the metal center in the compounds. In A2780 cells, the cytotoxic action of the copper compound was reduced by tunicamycin only at high concentration. In contrast, in A549 cells the efficacy of the manganese compound cells was reduced at all tested concentrations. Intriguingly, some impact of free 1,10-phenanthroline was also observed in A549 cells. These results are discussed in the context of the emerging evidence that the ER plays a role in the cytotoxic action of 1,10-phenanthroline-based compounds.

Digital image correlation (DIC) techniques were used to evaluate strain distributions along tensile gage lengths immediately after yielding of a medium manganese steel (7 wt% Mn) in samples cold rolled in the range of 1–6 pct. With an increase in cold work, DIC confirmed that the yielding behavior transitioned from nucleation and propagation of a single localized deformation zone (Lüders band) to uniform deformation, that is, no evidence of strain localization. At intermediate amounts of cold work, a unique yielding behavior was evident where the initially-low positive strain hardening rate increased with tensile strain until conventional strain hardening (i.e., decrease in strain hardening rate with strain). The intermediate yielding behavior was associated with the development of multiple non‑propagating regions of strain localization, an observation not previously evident without the use of DIC.

The distribution of human leukocyte antigens in the population assists in matching solid organ donors and recipients when the typing methods used do not provide sufficiently precise information. This is made possible by linkage disequilibrium (LD), where alleles co-occur more often than random chance would suggest. There is a trade-off between the high bias and low variance of a broad sample from the population and the low bias but high variance of a focused sample. Some of this trade-off could be alleviated if sub-populations shared LD despite having different allele frequencies. These experiments show that Bayesian estimation can balance bias and variance by tuning the effective sample size of the reference panel, but the LD as represented by an additive or multiplicative copula is not shared.

Sexual propagation of Agave plants is an incipient cultivation method, these plants withstand drought and adverse growing conditions; therefore, research on Agave’s diversity, seed processing, and storage could support its cultivation on marginal lands. The aim of this work was to evaluate seed morphology, germination, and seedling genetic diversity of six seed origins (species × provenance) of Agave plants collected in five provenances from Mexico. Seed longevity was evaluated in two seed origins after a 10-year storage period. Seed morphology and seedling genetic variation results demonstrated intra- and interspecific variation within Agave salmiana and with the other seed origins, respectively. After a 10-year storage period seed germination of two A. salmiana seed origins remained relatively stable, storage conditions, and seed variables of this work can serve as reference parameters for future analyses. To the best authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of Agave’s seed longevity evaluation after a 10-year storage period.

The short timescale of the solar flare reconnection process has long proved to be a puzzle. Recent studies suggest the importance of the formation of plasmoids in the reconnecting current sheet, with quantifying the aspect ratio of the width to length of the current sheet in terms of a negative power $ \alpha $ of the Lundquist number, that is, $ {S}^{-\alpha } $ , being key to understanding the onset of plasmoids formation. In this paper, we make the first application of theoretical scalings for this aspect ratio to observed flares to evaluate how plasmoid formation may connect with observations. For three different flares that show plasmoids we find a range of $ \alpha $ values of $ \alpha =0.26 $ to $ 0.31 $ . The values in this small range implies that plasmoids may be forming before the theoretically predicted critical aspect ratio ( $ \alpha =1/3 $ ) has been reached, potentially presenting a challenge for the theoretical models.

The effect of milorganite, a commercially available organic soil amendment, on soil nutrients, plant growth, and yield has been investigated. However, its effect on soil hydraulic properties remains less understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of milorganite amendment on soil evaporation, moisture retention, hydraulic conductivity, and electrical conductivity of a Krome soil. A column experiment was conducted with two milorganite application rates (15 and 30% v/v) and a non-amended control soil. The results revealed that milorganite reduced evaporation rates and the length of Stage I of the evaporation process compared with the control. Moreover, milorganite increased moisture retention at saturation and permanent wilting point while decreasing soil hydraulic conductivity. In addition, milorganite increased soil electrical conductivity. Overall, milorganite resulted in increased soil moisture retention; however, moisture in the soil may not be readily available for plants due to increased soil salinity.

Gambling marketing is frequently visible in the United Kingdom, especially around the national sport, soccer. Previous research has documented the frequency with which gambling marketing logos can be seen in domestic club soccer, and also the frequency of television advertising around international tournaments. The present research investigates the frequency and content of television advertising during the men’s 2020 Euro soccer tournament, a high-profile tournament shown since the industry’s voluntary “whistle-to-whistle ban” on gambling advertising came into effect. Overall, 113 gambling adverts were recorded (4.5 adverts per relevant match). Financial inducements were the most frequently shown category (56.6%), followed by adverts raising awareness of a given operator’s brand (19.5%), adverts featuring the odds on specific complex bets (18.6%), and adverts promoting safer gambling (5.3%). Adverts featured a range of safer gambling messages, with the “when the fun stops, stop” message featuring in 56.6% of adverts. This research indicates that gambling advertising remains a frequent part of the experience of watching live televised soccer in the UK, and shows how the content of this advertising was comparable to what has been seen in the previous literature.