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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 03 October 2008
This paper describes the construction, usefulness and randomization of several designs for field experiments in which there is more than one set of blocks, namely: (a) row-and-column designs, in which there are two crossing sets of blocks, treatments being applied to the plots formed by their intersections; (b) row-and-column designs in which factors are applied to complete rows or complete columns, that is, criss-cross (or strip-plot) designs; and (c) split-plot designs, in which the plots in a study of one factor are used as blocks in the study of another. All are examples of a wider class of designs, with many ramifications, said to have ‘simple block structure’. It is suggested here that some of the assumptions underlying row-and-column designs are questionable. Some alternative approaches are indicated.