Baron Pierre de Coubertin purported to follow the traditions of the ancient Olympic Games, but adapted them to fit his own political, social, and sporting conceptions. From their very beginning, the modern Games have had aspirations that have extended beyond sport. After brief comments on corruption, philosophy of life, and spectacle, this essay examines the Olympic Games in terms of amateurism and professionalism; winning and the joy of participation; nationalism and ultra-nationalism; the medal count; war, violence, and peace; performance-enhancing drugs; women and minorities; and the Americanization of the Games.