Violent Experiences result in economic and social costs for society, impacting on emotions in families, on health (both physical and mental), and overall quality of life, causing potential damages. Thus, it becomes relevant to do research on this impact, aiming at raising awareness and promoting prevention.

The purpose of the study is to estimate the impact of experiences of violence on both physical and mental health taking into account variables such as age, gender, and marital status.

This is a cross-sectional study sampling 1407 Portuguese speaking adults, with an age average of 42 years old (DP=17.28). The measures used were: The SF-36 questionnaire to assess quality of life, physical and mental health, and the Experiences of Violence Questionnaire.

The sample was divided into two groups (victims and non-victims). The group of participants that were not subjected to violence presents more positive results. In relation to the comparison between genders, it was verified that males present more positive results having into account all dimensions SF-36 when compared to women. Also, older participants (53 years old or more) presents lower results of general health.

Violence and health, increasingly related due to the impact it has on the subjects’ physical and mental health and quality of life.

No significant relationships.

For individuals with mental disorders and their families, religion and spirituality may have a significant influence over how these conditions are understood, managed and treated. Family can act as a moderator in which psychotic patients interpret and explain internalized events. However, they can have a negative impact when discouraging diagnosis and treatment adherence.

Explore the impact of family religious and spiritual beliefs on clinical outcomes among a schizophrenic patient. Investigate the psychiatrist’s role in addressing barriers to treatment adherence.

Data retrieved from clinical interview. Subsequent non-systematic review of the most relevant literature on the topic.

We report a case of a 30-year-old single catholic woman, living with her parents. She had a past history of psychotic symptoms that were interpreted in a context of a depressive episode. After some months she fulfilled the criteria for Schizophrenia and anti-psychotic was prescribed. Family always demonstrated doubts about the disease and negatively influenced the treatment adherence. They believed she was possessed by demons and she was submitted to exorcisms and spiritual therapies. After a 2-year follow-up with erratic treatment regimens and worsening symptoms they accepted her hospitalisation. The majority of symptoms were controlled allowing complete adherence to the same treatment proposed before.

The disease acceptance is a complex process, influenced by multiple beliefs that play different roles in each patient and family, that can adversely influence clinical management. It is essential to understand the family sociocultural environment, by gauging the most influential elements aiming to enhance their compliance with treatment.

No significant relationships.

An important aspect of rehabilitation programmes is assessment of their effectiveness, which is carried out mainly through clinical and psycho-pathological examinations, psychometric and psychological scales and questionnaires. The use of biological markers of the schizophrenic process to assess the effectiveness of rehabilitation assistance is of considerable interest.

To compare the clinical and socio-psychological characteristics of schizophrenia patients receiving psychosocial treatment in various forms of psychiatric care with the level of immune system activation reflecting the activity and severity of the pathological process in brain.

77 schizophrenia patients in remission of varying quality were examined, of which 52 patients (the 1st group) participated in a long-term comprehensive rehabilitation programme (3.7±2.5 years) in non-profit organization, and 25 patients (the 2nd group) received medical and rehabilitation assistance in the psychiatric day hospital (duration of treatment no more than 60 days). PANSS, HDRS, SAS-SR, SF-36, BRS scales were used. The activity of the pathological process was evaluated by the level of inflammatory markers.

Both patient groups showed a similar increase in the level of inflammatory and autoimmune markers compared to control (p<0,01). The 1st group compared to the 2nd one had a significantly higher level (p<0,05) of social functioning, stress resistance, awareness of the disease, motivation, comprehensiveness, as well as less the severity of psychopathological symptoms.

The results indicate the effectiveness of a long-term comprehensive rehabilitation programme to stabilize clinical remission, improve social functioning and the quality of life in schizophrenia patients, despite the active pathological process in brain.

One of the most complex and emotional aspects of nursing is the interaction between the nurse and the dying child. The attitudes of nurses towards death, affect the quality of care.

To investigate pediatric nurses’ attitudes towards death.

Methodology: 170 nurses, working in pediatric hospital departments completed a questionnaire which included sociodemographic characteristics and information related to their previous training and clinical experience regarding death issues in general and dying children’s care in particular.

68.6% reported that the death of a child affects them very much, while 44.7% of the participants didn’t feel well prepared to manage death issues. Pediatric nurses were greatly affected by children’s death, expressing mainly feelings of sadness (44%), compassion (22%), guilt (22%) and anger (22%). 73% of the sample wished the hospitalized child, died when they were not present. 53.5% had been trained regarding the care of dying patients and the management of death and mourning as part of their curriculum and 21.2% had attended a relative seminar / lecture. The importance of proper and adequate education becomes particularly apparent considering that the majority of our sample either did not feel sufficiently prepared in order to deal with death and mourning, even though more than 70% of our participants had been relatively educated.

The incorporation of the notions of death and care at end of life in the theoretical and practical fields of nursing will improve the quality of services offered at the end of life for patients and their families.

According to Vygotsky, children with special needs follow the same trajectory of development as normally developing children, although some of the skills can be observed in a later period. This statement can be implemeted to the children with Down syndrome. The number of such children in Russia is around 25 thousand.

The aim is to study the conditions of negation formation in children with Down syndrome.

The sample consisted of 22 dyads of children with Down syndrome of 24-36 months old and their mothers. The research methods included: parents’ questionnaire; analysis of problematic situations; Tkacheva’s inventory Parent’s Psychological Type; Varga &Stolin Inventory of Parental Attitude; Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Bass-Darky Hostility Questionnaire, Leonhard-Schmieschek Test, Spielberger’s Test Anxiety Inventory.

Firstly, we have studied how a child expresses his or her negative reaction: whether he or she uses a gesture or a sound for “no” or reacts with the whole body. According to those results we have divided the sample into two groups and then have compared them. The research shows the connection between mother’s aggressiveness and formation of the child’s negation reaction (gesture/sound or the whole body) as well as differences in the level of alexithymia and anxiety: all the characteristics are lower in the first group.

Mothers of the children with Down syndrome demonstrate a high and a medium level of anxiety. However, the mothers of the children who expresses negation with a gesture/sound show a lower anxiety level comparing with the mothers whose children react with the whole body.

Internet addiction disorder (IAD) is the compulsive and problematic use of the internet, resulting in significant functional impairment in several life domains. This happens when an individual engages in online activities disregarding daily responsibilities or other interests, and not realizing its negative consequences. Although not officially recognized as a disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V), the relationships between digital media use and mental health has been under debate and discussion amongst experts due to presenting some features of excessive use, withdrawal phenomena, tolerance, and negative repercussions typical of many substance abuse disorders.

To present an overview of theoretical considerations on IAD and its eventual inclusion in the next version of the DSM.

Review of the most recent literature regarding internet addiction disorder. The research was carried out through the PubMed, MedLine, SpringerLink and LILACS databases, using the terms “internet addiction”, “addiction disorders” and “social media”, until December 2020.

There is controversy around the diagnosis of internet addiction, including whether it is a unique clinical entity or a manifestation of other underlying psychiatric disorders, raising complex questions of causality. Since there are no standardized definition, there is lack of evidence-based recommendations to its approach.

Research suggests that some individuals dealing with internet addiction are at significant risk, therefore merit professional care. Further research is needed, with carefully controlled studies, emphasizing incapacity, prognosis and response to treatment, in order to consider internet addiction as a disease, and include it in DSM’s next edition.

No significant relationships.

For treatment of CP patients multidisciplinary approach is often promoted. But it is not cost-efficient to involve all medical staff and variety of diagnostic/intervention tools for every patient.

Having knowledge on pivotal manifestations of CP and what are they related to would ease multidirectional approach in practice. It will shorten a search of pathologies only to those related to main manifestations related to quality of life.

611 children aged 2 to 18 years (mean age–6y5m) with CP(G80.0-G80.9): examined by 3 independent doctors. 56%males, 44%females. Randomized blinded assessment. Fine hand function assessed by “9-hole peg”,“Box and Blocks” tests, dynamometry. Intellectual functioning assessment was done using Raven Matrices. Quality of Life(QoL) assessment according to Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities (CPCHILD). The intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC) was used for finding out discrepancies between observers. Inferencial statistics including 95%CI and P-value.

ICC coefficient between observers was highly reliable–0.93(95%CI:0.89–0.95). The mean QoL score for children GMFCS levels I and II was 58.5(SD 16.6), for GMFCS III, IV and V children–22.4(SD13.4). QoL was more related to fine hand functioning(r=0,344) than to cognition(r=0,295). There was a strong correlation bond between fine hand functioning and cognition (r=0,663). In case fine hand function improved positive changes in cognition were observed in 74% of subjects(p<0,05). Correlation between grasp power and IQ was weak(r=0,184). Grasp power improvement was slightly related to QoL(r=0,102).

Fine hand functioning improves QoL even more that cognition.So training of fine motor skills should be given a priority in case of limited rehabilitation resources.

No significant relationships.

In Cameroon, skepticism and neglect of doctors towards patients with mental disorders is noted. In order to change this, it was important to have an objective assessment. Depressive disorders are the most common form of mental disorders and Douala has the second largest number of general practitioners in the country. Thus, we proposed to evaluate the behaviour of general practitioners in Douala in front of patients with depressive disorders.

Evaluate the frequency of depressive disorders in outpatient general consultation Evaluate the competence of general practitioners at diagnosing depressive disorders Evaluate the practices of general practitioners towards depressive disorders Evaluate obstacles faced by general practitioners regarding depressive disorders

We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study from February to June 2017 in the outpatient department. For each general practitioner include, we had 3 patients who complete the patient health questionnaire to find out if the patient has depression. During each consultation, we filled out a clinical fact sheet to determine if the general practitioner had diagnosed a depressive disorder. If so, what care has he taken? Finally, we gave the general practitioner a questionnaire to know his difficulties when facing depression.

We obtained a frequency of 32.5% of depressive disorders in consultation of general medicine in Douala and a rate of diagnosis by general practitioners of 1.92%. Diagnosed cases have just received counseling.

in Cameroon, despite the low interest in depressive disorders, they constitute a public health issue in Douala, and surely in Cameroon; Because of its frequency and the harm, they inflict on patients.

I don’t have any conflict of interest

INTRODUCTION-OBJECTIVES. Similar to philosophy (regina-scientiarum) is psychiatry fundamental-discipline for all-medical&social sciences. Immanuel KANT: Primus inter pares of ARISTOTELES&PLATON considered over 200years ago physiological and pragmatic anthropology-[1]. Social physiology is given-[3-4]. Consideration of social-psychopathology in German-justice-[2].

REFERENCES. [1]-Kant,I: BdXI,371-393, BdXII,399,625-638:Suhrkamp-TB-Wiss. [2]-Neu,E/Michailov, M.Ch/Welscher,U/et-al.: 2a.-FISP-2018-Beijing/Philos (1348-50,1373-4,1420); 2013-Athens Abstr.Book(AB):464-5/503-4/766; 2008-Seoul-ProcVol.4: 101-108/195-214/229-237; 2003-Istanbul:273-281; IVR-2019-Luzern (Law), Progr-Book p.116. 2b.-EPA-2020-Madrid, Eur.Psychiatry 63S, EPP0834/5+EPV0581/1470; EPA-2019-Warsaw, 56S,S689; EPA-2018-Nice, 48/S1, S623&567&662. 2c.-WPA-2021-Bangkok (in-press). 2019-Lisbon, E-Poster WCP19-2137/-1822/-1839. 2018-Mexico-City, Abs.-Book WCP18-0584/-0625/-0643/-0654. 2011-Buenos-Aires, AB:PO1.200. [3]-Glasachev,O: Sechenov Physiol.J 80/no5, 1994,p.139-143 (Russian), ref. in English. [4]-Seeley,T.D: Social-Physiology Honey-Bee, Book-1996.

[5]-Daily-journal-“tz”-München, esp. every Tuesday 2016-2019: reports on Res.-Houses,e.g. 14.02.2019, 15.02.17, 06.12.16/p.10, 18.10.16/p.10, 17.11.2020/p.6. Süddt.Zeitung-München no172/p.30,2017. Mü.-Merkur:16.11.2020/p.32; 19.11.2020/p.29. FAZ:20.10.2019/p.53; 16.11.2020/p.21. BUROW,P: Justiz am Abgrund&Ein Richter klagt an. GNISA,J, Präs.-Dt.Richterverein: „Ende der Gerechtigkeit“, Herder-2017. SCHLEIF,T/Amtsrichter: Buch „Urteil: ungerecht“, zeit-online 24.10.2019. Hans-Jochen&Liselotte VOGEL:„Mehr Gerechtigkeit“, 2019 „Wohn-Irrsinn“(Enteignungen). ZANTKE,S (Richter-Amtsgericht-Zwickau): TV-Programm„Auf einen Blick“ Nr.47,2018,S.24. [6]-Luetge,Ch et-al.(ed): Experimental-Ethics, Palgrave-Macmillan 2014. [7]-Pegoraro,R/Vatican: «Arzt&Christ» 38:3-55,1992.

RESULTS Prominent German experts for justice: Patrick BUROW, Jens GNISA/President Law-Association/Germany, Torsten SCHLEIF/Amtsrichter, Hans-Jochen VOGEL/Ex-Minister, Stephan ZANTKE/Richter reflect in their books fundamental-criticism of German justice [5]. Inst.-Ecol.-Med./IUM investigated psychopathology of juridical-offices&law-court in Munich (Amtsgericht). Analysis suggests presence of symptoms for pseudologia-phantastica, psychopathy, cyclophrenia (esp.mania),etc. conc. observations on many persons (n>30).

CONCLUSION. Juridical situation in Germany demonstrates contradiction to human-rights (EU-CHARTA, art.1-8/25-26/33-35), ignoring moral-philosophy, related to human obligations/I.Kant-[1], experimental ethics/Ch.Luetge et-al.-[6], medical personnel/R.Pegoraro-[7]. Only paradigm change in law-policy incl. enlarged implication of moral philosophy-theology, psychiatry-psychology, social philosophy in juridical eduction & practices could counteract disastrous juridical situation in Germany and on global level, supporting UNO-AGENDA21 for better education-health-ecology-economy (see 2.).

No significant relationships.

Growing evidence studying pathological online behaviour has shown an increasing rate of internet addictions in younger populations across the globe.

The current study aims to investigate the prevalence of smartphone internet addiction of youths in Hong Kong, and its associations with gender and depression.

A total of 1,164 participants’ preliminary data were extracted from the Hong Kong Youth Epidemiological Study of Mental Health, a territory-wide, household-based study of mental health in youths aged between 15-24. Internet usage behaviors, socio-demographic and psychosocial characteristics of the participants were assessed. The Chen Internet Addiction Scale was modified to measure smartphone internet addiction (SIA). Symptoms of depression were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to examine (i) SIA across gender and (ii) depressive symptoms between high and no to low SIA groups. Linear regression model was used to evaluate the association between SIA and depression.

The prevalence of smartphone internet addiction was 27.8% using the cut-off scores of 67/68. Women had higher SIA scores than men (U=144239.50, p=0.001). Participants with high SIA were associated with a higher severity in depression than those with no-to-low SIA (U=89187.00, p<0.001). Regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between depression and SIA after adjusting for confounding factors (B=0.099, t=9.138, p<0.001).

Our findings suggest a gender difference on online behaviour using smartphones. Further investigations are needed on whether SIA may exacerbate severity of common mental disorders.

Ethnolinguistic diversity provides the opportunity to study the relation between the native language, the emotional state, and the well-being of a person. Representatives of different linguistic groups may have psychological advantages in specific socio-cultural situations.

We investigated the interrelation between mental well-being, emotional state, life satisfaction, and belonging to different ethnolinguistic categories in the Russian society.

The measuring instruments included the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (Tennant et al., 2007), the Scale ofPositive and Negative Experience (SPANE) (Diener et al., 2009), the questionary on life satisfaction. The research project included 894 respondents aged from 14 to 80 (M=24.0; SD=11.7), residents of eight regions, where there are one or several official languages along with Russian.

The results indicate that mental well-being (F = 1.167; p = 0.312) is independent of the respondents’ native language, while the ratio of positive and negative affect is significantly higher (F = 3.164; p = 0.008) among people who indicated the regional language as the native one, compared to those who have two native languages - Russian and regional (MD = -1.529; p = 0.039). Moreover, the general life satisfaction is higher (F = 7.427; p = 0.001) among native speakers of the regional language as compared to those who indicate both Russian and regional languages as their native languages (MD = 0.638; p <0.001).

Differences in the emotional state and life satisfaction along with the absence of differences in mental well-being were revealed in respondents of different ethnolinguistic categories. The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 17-29-09167.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the delivery of mental health services globally. Within Australia, the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent containment measures have led to reduced face-to-face attendances. To maintain access to mental health consultations, new telehealth services were introduced by the Australian Government in late March 2020.

We aimed to quantify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patterns of mental health attendances in Australia using an interrupted time series model.

To characterise patterns of mental health service utilisation, monthly mental health attendances between January 2016 and June 2020 were extracted from the Medicare database, stratified by clinician type: general practitioner (GP), psychiatrist, and allied health. We used triple exponential smoothing to model attendances between January 2017 and December 2019. Observed and predicted attendances between January and June 2020 were compared with 95% confidence (p<0.05).

Our models showed decreased mental health attendances in March and April, consistent with all healthcare services during this time. While uptake of telehealth was significant, it only partially covered the reduction in mental health attendances.

Our modelling highlights the significant impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health services in Australia, with telehealth only partially compensating for the reduction in face-to-face attendances. These results suggest that telehealth services may not be suitable for all individuals (e.g. those without reliable internet access). Given that telehealth will likely remain a feature of mental health service provision, outreach and face-to-face services should be considered for vulnerable groups

No significant relationships.

Assessment of mental health in medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic helps to prevent the delayed negative consequences of work under high risk.

The study compares the perceived stress and coping ability in medical staff caring for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and in professionals, working with other patients.

Online survey involved 249 doctors and medical staff of a Moscow hospital aged 19 to 60 (80 men and 169 women). 135 people worked directly with COVID-19 patients and 114 specialists did not. The study was conducted with the Perceived Stress Scale (10-items) amidst the first wave of COVID-19 in Russia, in May 2020.

No significant differences were found in the stress levels between the two groups of healthcare providers. On average, the sample revealed an increased level of stress (15.4 with standard values of 12-13). The general indicator of perceived stress (F = 13.471; p <0.001), stress level (F = 12.333; p = 0.001) and stress resistance (F = 6.003; p = 0.015) in women is significantly higher than in men. In addition, women working with COVID-19 patients have a higher level of stress resistance than women working with other patients (F = 3.432; p = 0.045).

The perception of stress by healthcare staff during the COVID-19 pandemic increases independently on whether or not they work with infected patients. Although stress is higher in women, they are better at coping, especially in extreme situations. The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 20-04-60174.

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been proposed as diagnostic entity and was added in the section 3 of the DSM 5. However, little is known about the long-term course of the disorder: NSSI and suicide attempt (SA) often lie on a continuum of self-harm, but it’s still unclear if they represent two different nosografical entities. Both these groups are commonly enclosed in the term of Deliberate self-harm (DSH), also including self-harm with suicidal intent conditions.

This study aims to explore differences between two clinical samples (NSSI and SA) to highlight the possible connection between these two categories, to better understand the risk of progression from NNSI into suicidal intent conditions.

102 inpatients with DSH (62 NNSI; 40 SA; age range: 12 to 18 years) were assessed by self-report questionnaires: the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI) and the Repetitive Non-suicidal Self-Injury Questionnaire (R-NSSI-Q) to explore the severity and repetitiveness of self-injurious behaviors and by the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and Multi-Attitude Suicide Tendency scale (MAST), as indirect measures of suicidal risk.

Preliminary results showed that inpatients with NSSI (62) presented high scores of indirect suicide risk, similar to SA sample (40).

This result highlights the possibility to consider NSSI and SA in a continuum of psychopathology and that repetitive self-harm even in the absence of clear suicidal intentions represent a significant risk factor in the development of suicidality in adolescence.

No significant relationships.

No significant relationships.

Handwriting disorder is commonly observed in Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) (87-88%) and is often noted in children with high Intellectual Quotient (HIQ).Two mainly pure DCD subtypes: ideomotor-DCD (IM), visuospatial/or visuoconstructional-DCD (VSC) and a mixed subtype (MX) were identified in the literature but nothing is known regarding IQ and dysgraphia.

To refine the specific clinical features of dysgraphia related to DCD subtypes regarding IQ levels.

Neurovisual, neuropsychological, neuropsychomotor functions, and handwriting performances of 38 children (6-to-12 years-old: mean 9y, SD 2.7) diagnosed with DCD (DSM-5 criteria) were collected. Two matched groups were analyzed according to their IQ: 19 (TC) typical children (IQ=90-110) and 19 HIQ children (IQ> 120).

IQ scores were not significantly associated with dysgraphia. There isa significant difference between TC vs HIQ with a lower rate of IM-DCD respectively 11% vs 5% (p=.035) and 68% vs 37% for VSC-DCD (p=.03) but 21% vs 58% in MX-DCD (p=.41). Dysgraphia was significantly more present in TC group with MX-DCD and in HIQ with VSC-DCD. A negative correlation between Kho’s’ cubes test failure (p=.006), visual-spatial memory (p=.05) and VSC-DCD was noted in HIQ group. The deficit of visual spatial memory was significantly related to dysgraphia in HIQ children (p=.01) associated to visual gnosis impairment (p=.03).

Dysgraphia was significantly found with VSC-DCD subgroup in FIQ>120 with specific features of visual perception disorders suggesting more involvement of the right cortex. These results suggest that VSC-DCD in HIQ could be a neurovisual impairment rather than a pure VSC-DCD.

Gender identity is each person’s internal and individual experience of gender. Gender expression is how a person publicly expresses their gender. Gender incongruence (GI) is defined as a condition in which a person has a marked incongruence between the expressed or experienced gender and the biological sex at birth. Adolescence is a crucial period for the persistence or development of GI, due hormonal changes, peer relations and first romantic experiences.

To make a revision of the literature about GI along childhood throughout adolescence.

Research in the literature with the words “gender identity”, “gender incongruence”, “gender dysphoria”, “childhood” and “adolescence” in scientific databases.

GI is present in a small percentage of children, often provoking psychopathological distress. There is a high prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in these children, compared with the general population. In most cases the dysphoria does not persist until adolescence. There has been an increasing number of adolescents seeking for treatment at gender identity services. The studies show that after the onset of puberty, the probability of persistent GI is high and that adolescents submitted to hormonal suppression tend to continue the medical treatment.

Epidemiological formal studies about gender incongruence in children and adolescents are very few. Studies of prevalence in these populations are community studies and don’t reflect the true prevalence of GI, so it would be necessary to investigate its prevalence and persistence in different world populations. It’s also necessary to make more prospective studies about the long-term effects of the medical treatment of GI.

No significant relationships.

Preliminary results indicate that COVID-19 lockdown measures could lead to an increase in eating disorder pathology. However, some patients could be more vulnerable to experience such an increase than others. The reason why some patients are more susceptible to the impact of lockdown measures is still not known.

To analyze the impact of the Belgian COVID-19 lockdown measures on the surroundings, social context, negative affect (NA), positive affect (PA) and binge eating frequency of patients with bulimia nervosa (BN).

The data of 15 female patients with BN from an ongoing experience sampling method study were analyzed. Mixed effects models compared surroundings, social context, NA, PA and binge eating before and after the implementation of the lockdown measures.

After the implementation of the lockdown measures, significant changes in surroundings and social context were found as well as an increase in NA (p < 0.001) and decrease in PA (p = 0.015). Patients who experienced an increase in binge eating frequency also experienced a stronger increase in NA (p = 0.012) and decrease in PA (p = 0.026) after the lockdown measures were implemented.

Future research should also look at changes in surroundings, social context, affect and how these interact with factors such as personality traits and coping styles when investigating why some patients are more susceptible to the negative effects of lockdown measures than others.

Currently available psychotherapies and psychotropic drugs for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are poorly effective in a substantial proportion of patients. Dopaminergic dysfunction plays a prominent role in the pathophysiology of PTSD: intrusions, avoidance symptoms, anhedonia and emotional numbing. Dopamine reuptake inhibitors can be studied as novel drugs in PTSD treatment.

Explore methylphenidate as a promising drug in PTSD treatment.

Case report presentation based on the review of clinical notes and non-systematic review of the PTSD therapeutics state-of-the-art.

A 72-year-old Portuguese male, a veteran of the Angolan War, sought medical attention four years ago after the death of his brother, which had happened three years before the consultation. The clinical picture consisted of re-experiencing the war and the loss of his brother, flash-backs, nightmares, irritability, a fear of losing control, inner dialogues with occasional intra-psychic voices, emotional numbing with the impossibility of developing loving relationships with his relatives, feelings of unreality, an episode of dissociative fugue and complaints of episodic forgetfulness and time warp. He was diagnosed with PTSD with dissociative symptoms, based on DSM 5 clinical criteria. He was initially treated with SNRIs and risperidone, with little improvement. A year ago, he suffered a flare-up, with suicidal ideation. He was prescribed methylphenidate 36 mg, with progressive improvement, persisting mild PTSD residual symptoms.

There is enough evidence of the dopamine involvement in PTSD, although research on dopaminergic drugs is scarce. Methylphenidate may be promising in the treatment of at least some individuals that haven’t responded to current psychological and medical interventions.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe, disabling condition with unknown etiology. Misdiagnosis is common when clinical symptomology criteria are used solely. Considerable evidence suggests that the upregulation of inflammatory factors and cortisol, and a decrease in neurotrophic factors, are involved in the pathogenesis of MDD.

This study explored the application of platforms composed of these serum proteins in the objective diagnosis of MDD.

Serum samples from all participants including 30 MDD patients and 30 well-matched healthy controls were collected at enrollment, eight serum proteins selected initially according to previous studies were analyzed with ELISA. A logistic regression model with these proteins was built to construct the diagnostic platform for the MDD and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the diagnostic potential of the model.

Among the eight selected proteins, three (TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-1beta) were removed because the measurements in more than 1/3 participants were below the detectable limits of ELISA kits. Forward logistic stepwise regression analysis screened out three serum proteins including BDNF, cortisol and IFN-gamma to build the model. The regression equation was Z = 1/[1 + e−(1.438+0.005(BDNF)-0.049(cortisol)-0.007(IFN-gamma))], and the diagnostic efficacy of thees three proteins-combined achieved an area under the ROC curve of 0.884 with sensitivity of 86.7% and specificity of 83.3%.

The results of this study provided a more reliable method to diagnose MDD, and the combination of serum BDNF, cortisol and IFN-gamma may provide an objective diagnostic platform for MDD.