Empathizing with others’ pain appears to recruit the whole pain matrix, including a collection of frontal regions involved in the affective, motivational, cognitive, and attentional dimension of pain.

This research explored how the modulation of interoceptive attentiveness (IA) can influence the frontal (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex -DLPFC- and somatosensory cortices) activity related to the emotional regulation and sensory response of observing pain in others.

22 healthy participants were required to observe face versus hand, painful/non-painful stimuli in an individual versus social condition while brain hemodynamic response (oxygenated [O2Hb] and deoxygenated hemoglobin [HHb] components) was measured by functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS). The sample was divided into experimental (EXP) and control (CNT) groups and the EXP group was explicitly required to focus on its interoceptive correlates while observing the stimuli.

In the individual condition, higher brain responsiveness was detected for painful confronted to non-painful stimuli, and a left/right hemispheric lateralization was found for the individual and social condition, respectively. Besides, both groups showed higher DLPFC activation for face stimuli displayed in the individual condition compared to hand stimuli in the social condition. However, face stimuli activation prevailed for the EXP group, suggesting the direct interoceptive phenomenon has certain features, namely it manifests itself in the individual condition and for pain stimuli.

We can conclude that IA modulation promoted the recruitment of internal adaptive regulatory strategies engaging both DLPFC and somatosensory regions towards emotionally relevant stimuli (painful faces displayed in the individual condition). Therefore IA could be trained for promoting emotion regulation and empathic response.

Machine learning has increasingly been applied to classification of psychosis spectrum in neuroimaging research. However, a number of multimodal studies using MRI and electroencephalography (EEG) is quite limited.

To assess the power of multimodal structural MRI (sMRI) and EEG data to provide pairwise discrimination between first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients, individuals at ultra-high-risk of psychosis (UHR), and healthy controls (HC) using machine learning algorithms.

46 FES male patients, 39 UHR individuals, and 54 matched HC underwent sMRI (3T Philips scanner) and electroencephalography. T1-weighted images were processed via FreeSurfer to obtain cortical and subcortical measures. L2 regularized logistic regression was used to evaluate the efficacy of diagnostic prediction.

The accuracies of pairwise discriminations were: 87% for FES vs HC (specificity 83%, sensitivity 91%); 77% for FES vs UHR (specificity 76%, sensitivity 79%); 75% for UHR vs HC (specificity 77%, sensitivity 73%).

Current findings suggest that the patterns of anatomical and functional variability have potential as biomarkers for discrimination between schizophrenia, UHR, and healthy subjects. Furthermore, results show that the selection and multimodality of feature types are important. Specifically, adding EEG data to morphometric measures improved accuracy rates in FES vs HC and FES vs UHR contrasts, whereas standalone EEG data provided higher accuracy compared with morphometric or multimodal data in UHR vs HC discrimination. Expectedly, predictive power for the UHR was smaller than for the FES due to its intermediate anatomical features, located between those observed in healthy controls and those found in patients. The work was supported by RFBR grant 20-013-00748

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a complex condition, with an insufficiently known pathophysiology, that raises multiple challenges to the treating physicians. Due to its yet mostly unknown underlying mechanisms, there is no consensus treatment recommendation for CFS. The risk to associate major depression, anxiety disorders or substance use disorders is frequently reported, and this co-morbidity further complicates the evolution of CFS.

To search the existing literature for pharmacological and psychotherapeutic recommendations in CFS.

A literature search was performed using the main electronic databases using the paradigm „chronic fatigue syndrome” AND „psychopharmacological treatment” OR „psychotherapy”. All papers published between January 2000 and August 2020 were included in the primary analysis.

Anti-inflamatory drugs (corticosteroids and non-steroidal drugs), antidepressants, moodstabilizers, anxiolytics, immuno-modulatory drugs, and antivirals have been investigated for CFS, but the trials had low-quality designs, used various definition of CFS, and different criteria for monitoring the efficacy of treatment. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) may be promising for decreasing the fatigue severity, but larger trials are needed. Graded exercise therapy (GET) also may be of some use for improving patients ability to engage in activities, but caution should be in order because of the risk of over-exercising that may exacerbate the core CFS symptoms.

Larger trials are needed in order to validate pharmacological and psychotherapeutic recommendations for CFS. No drug may be considered first line treatment for this indication, while CBT and GET may be useful, although they do not address all the central symptoms of CFS.

Research on the association between internet use and concerns about body image is still scarce.

To explore the associations between generalized problematic internet use, number of social networks, and appearance schemas.

216 Portuguese late adolescents (89.3% females), with a mean age of 18.62 years old (SD = .488, range: 18-19) filled in an internet patterns of use questionnaire, the Generalized Problematic Interne Use Scale 2 (GPIUS2) and The Appearance Schemas Inventory-Revised (ASI-R).

A total of 99.6% of the students use social networks. Subjects were divided into three groups (group1: 1-2 social networks; group 2: 3 social networks, and group 3: >3 social networks). There was a statistically difference in Motivational Salience scores (ASI-R) for the three groups [F (2, 503) = 6.0, p = .003]. Post-hoc comparisons indicated that the mean score for group 3 (M = 28.29, SD = 4.95) was significantly different from group 1 (M = 26.69, SD =4.55), and from group 2, (M = 26.87, SD =4.95). Generalized problematic internet subscales (Mood Regulation, Self-Deficient Regulation, and Negative Consequences) and total score were significantly correlated with both dimensions of ASI-R: Self-Evaluation Salience (coefficients varied from r = .31** to r = .47**) and Motivational Salience (from r = .14*, to r = .31**).

Generalized problematic internet use and the number of social networks are associated with adolescent’s cognitive-behavioural investment in one’s own appearance. Study carried out under the strategic project of the Centre for Philosophical and Humanistic Studies (CEFH) UID/FIL/00683/2019, funded by the FCT.

Although sleep hygiene is a well-studied factor of good sleep (Irish et al., 2015, McNail et al., 2016), less is known about its role in the complaints on anxiety and depression (wither direct or through sleep quality).

The aim was to reveal direct and indirect effects of sleep behavior on subjective sleep quality, anxiety and depression.

174 people aged 17-57 without diagnosed sleep disorders filled the Scale of Behavioral Factors of Sleep Disturbances (Rasskazova, Leonov, 2020), Insomnia Severity Index (Morin, 1993), Hospital Scale of Anxiety and Depression (Zingmond, Snaith, 1983), Beck’s Anxiety and Depression Inventories (Beck, Steer, 1993, Beck et al., 1996).

Taking medications and non-medications before sleep, alcohol, tonic drinks and using gadgets in the evening, delaying bedtime, self-limitations after poor nights, poor adherence to the regimen and postponement of the morning rise were characterized by an indirect effect on anxiety and depressiveness through poor sleep (|β|=0,03-0,24). Self-limiting behavior and delaying the morning rise are associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression, even in the absence of sleep-related complaints (β=0,23-0,34, p<0,01).

Based on the data we suggest that the dysfunctional role of behavior on anxiety and depression is predominantly indirect (through the perpetuation of complaints), but it can also be direct (regardless of complaints of sleep disorders). Research is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 20-013-00740.

Research is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 20-013-00740.

In the scientific world widely discussed phenomenon of “cytokine-induced depression”. Macrophages have high plasticity and are able to control the inflammatory response; in particular, anti-inflammatory type-2 macrophages have a pronounced potential due to complex soluble factors production.

We have developed an original method for the type-2 macrophages generation; the resulting macrophages are characterized by the high level of a whole range of neurotrophic, neuroprotective, proangiogenic and anti-inflammatory factors production. The aim of the study was to investigate effects of human type-2 macrophages soluble products on behavioral phenotype and brain cytokines synthesis in depressive-like animals.

Type-2 macrophages were generated by culturing an adherent fraction of mononuclear cells with 50 ng/ml recombinant human GM-CSF in serum deprivation conditions for 7 days. (CBA x C57Bl/6)F1 depressive-like male mice, developed under the long-term social stress, were undergoing the human type-2 macrophages conditioned medium intranasal administration (60 ml twice daily for one animal) for 6 days. Mice behavioral phenotyping was carried out using an automatic registration system (Noldus Information Technology). Cytokines were determined by ELISA.

Depressive-like mice behavioral phenotyping after type-2 macrophages conditioned medium administration revealed anhedonia decrease, motor activity stimulation in the open field and forced swimming tests, anxiety reduction in elevated plus maze. Behavioral changes were recorded against the pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL- 6, INFγ) decrease in striatum and hippocampus, as well as anti-inflammatory IL- 10 increase in hippocampus and hypothalamus.

Results demonstrated the effectiveness of human type-2 macrophages biologically active soluble products in relation to the stress-induced depressive-like behavior editing

No significant relationships.

The COVID-19 pandemic has been causing relevant public health and psychosocial consequences.

To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, lifestyle and personal relationships in the Italian general population.

An online survey spread between May and June 2020 to collect socio-demographic, clinical, lifestyle, relationship, and mental health self-reported information. Mental disorder screening was performed by the Patient Health Questionnaire and PTSD Checklist for DSM-5.

Participants were 2003, 1504 of which (75%) completed the entire questionnaire (1157 females, 77%). Among the completers who have not had any mental disorder before (n=524, 35%), 263 (51.7%) met cut-off scores for psychiatric diagnoses on the self-report psychiatric screeners during the pandemic (i.e., Major Depressive Disorder, 11.3%, with death thoughts in approximately half of the cases; Panic Disorder, 1.1%; Generalized Anxiety Disorder, 13%.3, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, 13.2%, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, 7.3%; Alcohol Abuse, 5.5%). In line with this, 39% of completers complained of insomnia, while 12% and 10% started using anxiolytics and antidepressants, respectively. Approximately 7-8 % of completers started/increased alcohol and/or nicotine consumption, 33% quitted/decreased physical activity, and 40% declared decreased sexual satisfaction. Approximately 21% and 38% declared worsening in relationship with partner and difficulty in child-caring, respectively.

The COVID-19 pandemic appears to be a risk factor for new onset of mental disorders and worsening in lifestyle and familial relationships in the Italian population. These results should be confirmed by clinical interviews, and may represent a starting point for further monitoring of the medium and long-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.

No significant relationships.

Delusional Disorders with Religious Content (DDRC) require careful study concerning their prevalence, psychopathological heterogeneity and the risk of destructive behavior.

To classify the clinical forms of DDRC

By clinical-psychopathological, follow-up and statistical approaches 2523 cases of patients with mental disorders who received inpatient care in a state clinic for year were analyzed; in 225 cases of total 2523 delusional disorders in schizophrenia (ICD-10: F20.0, F20.01, F20.02) were diagnosed.

The comparative analysis of delusional disorders (225 cases, 100%) with religious (70 cases -31.1%) and non-religious content (155 cases - 69.9%) revealed prevalence of DDRC in non-believers (p <0.01). Delusional destructive behavior occurred in 47.1% of 70 cases in patients with DDRC (15% of total 225).

The predominant content of DDRC (among the Delusions of Possession, Sinfulness/guilt, Messianism, Manichaean and the End-world Delusions) was the Delusions of Possession - 36.8%. Psychopathological heterogeneity of DDRC was identified and specific types of DDRC were described.

DDRC is associated with the development of massive psychopathological symptoms and significant severity, and often accompanied by various forms of destractive behavior. This circumstance requires constant and careful management of these patients, collection of their religious history and asks for specific therapeutic approaches.

No significant relationships.

Chronic pain is common, costly, and associated with significant disability and negative effects on well-being and mental health. The treatment is challenging, requiring a multidisciplinary approach. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) aims to help patients in engaging in a flexible and persistent pattern of values-directed behavior while in contact with continuing pain and discomfort.

To provide an updated review on the efficacy of ACT for the management of chronic pain.

We conducted a systematic review based on the PubMed® and EBSCO databases up to April 2020.

Fifteen trials were included. The results were in favour of ACT in pain acceptance, functioning and pain intensity with small to large effect sizes. Few studies evaluated quality of life, but half of those were favourable to ACT. We also focused our analysis on ACT online interventions, considering the current demands due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The current systematic review points in favour of ACT for the management of chronic pain conditions, though the studies included suffered from methodological limitations, which may have led to overestimated effects. Methodologically robust trials are required to further understand the clinical efficacy of ACT for chronic pain and which patients most benefit from this intervention.

Placebo research investigated the underlying mechanisms of placebo effects, but they are rarely used to optimize treatments. Ethical and legal concerns have been raised, but research demonstrated that placebo mechanisms can be used without patients’ deception: Experimental studies showed that half of drugs in treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) combined with open-label placebos could be as effective as standard medication to reduce ADHD symptoms.

To estimate the health economic advantages of harnessing the combination of open-label placebos with standard medication in ADHD.

For preliminary estimation of the mean treatment costs, the 12-months prevalence of ADHD in children and adolescents aged 5 to 14 years as well as the percentage of medication treatments were extracted from the literature. Mean treatment costs per patient and year were calculated for four treatment plans (different drugs and dosages) with both treatment with standard medication and half of drugs in combination with placebos.

A 12-months prevalence of 4.3% equals around 260,000 children and adolescents with a compulsory health insurance in Germany. Of those, around 40-50% are equally treated with two standard drugs and two different dosages. Full standard drug treatments cost around 119 million EUR, and treatment with half of drugs in combination with placebos cost around 66 million EUR.

The combination of open-label placebos with half of standard medication could considerably reduce health costs. Reduction of side effects still must be considered. However, current studies are of experimental nature and lasted for no longer than two weeks.

Psychotherapy of patients suffering from schizophrenic disorders remains controversial. There are promising descriptions of psychothereputic interventions in combination with pharmacological treatment. Some empirical studies show that different forms of psychotherapy are effective. However, there are few models to combine different psychotherapeutic strategies in a comprehensive way.

We here propose a model of integrative psychotherapy that is based on the therapeutic alliance and the general principles of understanding and communication. It comprises interpersonal, behavioral, psychodynamic, and existential elements.

Theoretical principles of different psychotherapeutic schools are applied hermeneutically to a case of schizophrenia. Thus, general methods of psychotherapy gain contextual meaning by the analysis of an individual narrative. The patient himself assessed and approved his case report.

After remission of the acute symptoms, integrative psychotherapy played the major role in the recovery of a young musician. It is shown how the therapeutic alliance and communication in a general sense interacted with behavioral, cognitive, psychodynamic, and existential techniques. It is demonstrated narratively how recovery was facilitated, adjunct to pharmacological treatment, by method-integrative psychotherapy. Basic cognitive-behavioral techniques ensured at first the stabilization of the patient. Then psychodynamic remembering, repeating, and working through became possible. Finally, existential topics and creative solutions dominated the sessions.

Psychotherapeutic method-integration is necessary to treat patients with various mental disorders especially schizophrenia. We propose an ABCDE-Model that comprises the following principles: Therapeutic alliance (A); behavior change (B); cognitive reflection on dysfunctional meanings and beliefs (C); psychodynamic remembering, repeating, and working through (D); and existential understanding and communication (E).

A physicians work is closely related to patients and the understanding of their problems. The use of psychotherapeutic methods is a factor for successful care (Swanson, 1994). At the same time burnout is a syndrome that can affect the health of doctors themselves thus reflecting on the quality of care they can provide (Lloyd et al, 2002).

To investigate the use of psychotherapeutic methods in family physicians work in Latvia and the association between burnout rates and the use of these methods in practice as well as different demographic and work-related factors.

A cross sectional study was carried out. An anonymous online form that contained questions about the demographic data, psychotherapeutic methods/techniques mastering and usage and questions from the Maslach Burnout Inventory was sent out to the publicly available email addresses of family physicians in Latvia. The collected data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS software.

Together 54 responses were received from all regions of Latvia. The analysis found association between work hours per week, patients seen per week, usage of psychotherapeutic methods and burnout. More hours per week was associated with higher rates of depersonalization (p=0,014) and burnout (p=0,010). More patients per week was associated with higher rates of burnout (p=0,024). Being unsure if they were using any psychotherapeutic methods was associated with higher rates of depersonalization (p=0,028).

The data obtained allows a better insight in to the usage of psychotherapeutic methods, everyday work and the association with burnout rates in family physicians.

Internet addiction (IA) is associated with personal peculiarities, psychosocial characteristics, and physiological factors. Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is one of the most common sleep disorders in adolescents associated with social behavior patterns.

To evaluate the association of IA with EDS in Siberian adolescents.

4637 urban Siberian (Krasnoyarsk, Abakan) school-based adolescents (aged 12-18; boys/girl ratio 2215/2422) were tested with Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS). Internet users were categorized into three groups: adaptive Internet users (AIU) (scoring 27–42); maladaptive Internet users (MIU) (scoring 43–64); and pathological Internet users (PIU) (scoring ≥65). EDS was assessed by Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS); cutoffs for EDS were PDSS 95% percentiles for each age group: 12 y.o. – 20 points, 13 y.o. – 21 points, 14-16 y.o. – 22 points, 17-18 y.o. – 23 points. Quantitative data are shown as median (25-75% quartiles). Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used.

EDS prevalence increase with IA severity: AIU group (n=2402) – 1.4%, MIU group (n=1905) – 3%, and PIU group (n=330) – 12.4% (pAIU-MIU=0.001; pAIU-PIU<0.001; pMIU-PIU<0.001). Positive association was detected between IA severity and PDSS score: AIU group – 10 (6-13), MIU group – 14 (10-17), and PIU group – 17 (13-21), p(K-W)<0.001).

EDS is associated with IA in Siberian adolescents. The possible explanations of this relation may be: (1) the higher rate of night activity, (2) night sleep disturbances and (3) the presence of common pathogenic factors in IA and EDS, such as personality characteristics, depression, anxiety. The study was funded by RFBR project № 18-29-2203219.

The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project № 18-29-22032\19.

People suffering from chronic diseases, especially epilepsy, are more likely to suffer from neurobehavioral disorders, like psychotic states. Postictal psychosis (PIP) is one of these potentially serious complications, that classically follows exacerbations of seizures.

The present paper aimed to study the clinical and therapeutic aspects of PIP.

We report a case of PIP, which involved a patient hospitalized in psychiatry department, and discuss it in light of the relevant literature.

We report the case of a 27-year-old man, with medical history of generalized epilepsy which was well stabilized under treatment (carbamazepine 600 mg/day). The patient was hospitalized for dangerous behaviors after having experienced 2 episodes of seizure activity in context of poor therapeutic adherence. Psychiatric assessment revealed a psychomotor instability, a pressured speech and hallucinatory behavior. There were no delirium symptoms. Neurological examination showed no localization signs, and cerebral imaging was normal. The patient was treated with benzodiazepines (Diazepam), associated to antipsychotics (Haloperidol). His antiepileptic drug was quickly reintroduced. After 48 hours of treatment, psychiatric symptoms improved. The patient returned to its baseline condition after 7 days.

The short-term prognosis of PPI is often favorable, compared to other psychotic disorders. However, more severe psychiatric disorders can potentially develop in the long-term, raising diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. Thus, a good collaboration between psychiatrists and neurologists is highly desirable in order to better adapt the treatment.

No significant relationships.

Joseph Pratt, a sanatorium doctor, at the beginning of the 20th century began to organize groups of patients in order to transmit information about their illness, observing that those who came had a better evolution. In the twenties, Jacob L. Moreno, would make the leap towards mental health, transferring the group format to the treatment of mental disorders. At the same time, Lazell and Marsh began to carry out psychoeducational groups with admitted schizophrenic patients.

Present experience of a psychotherapeutic group in a brief psychiatry hospitalization unit.

Non-directional, voluntary group, with daily frequency and 30 minutes duration. Between 8-15 patients participated. Participation in the group required compliance with 2 rules: respecting word turns and speaking from one’s own experience. The sessions were organized in three parts, 1. Opening of the group: the rules are remembered and we welcome new patients. 2. Group: dialogue between patients 3. Group closure: summary of the session and dismissal of discharge patients.

The following topics were addressed: - The experience of admission; traumatic vs restorative. - The difficulties they expected to encounter after discharge. - Aspects related to family bonding, between equals and couples. As difficulties we find: - The heterogeneity in the symptoms of the patients. - Voluntary participation in the group. - Conflicts reactive to non-compliance with the rules.

Group therapies in brief hospitalization units have great therapeutic potential.

No significant relationships.

No significant relationships.

Research has shown that ADHD and sleep disorders are intimately intertwined in the majority of patients in both childhood and adulthood. Circadian rhythm sleep disturbances, esp. the delayed sleep phase syndrome, as well as several other sleep disorders, such as Insomnia, Restless Legs, Periodic Limb Movement Disorder and Sleep apnea are associated with ADHD. With a prevalence rate of 80% of sleep disorders in adults with ADHD, the question not only is what is chicken and egg, but even if both conditions share a joint pathophysiology.

To investigate the consequences of this comorbid sleep disorders on severity of ADHD, mood and health, as well as to find evidence on improvement of ADHD by treatment of the sleep disorder(s).

Recent research will be evaluated to formulate answers to these questions.

Sleep loss resulting from sleep disorders increases ADHD severity due to more impairment of cognition and memory as well as mood instability. Sleep loss in the longer term also leads to obesity, with negative consequences for health in general. First studies showing a decrease of ADHD symptoms by treatment of sleep disorders will be discussed.

ADHD and sleep disorders come together in the majority of patients and need both assessment and treatment. Treatment of ADHD by improving sleep, is an intriguing research question with potential new treatment options.

The burden of depression and anxiety is poorly documented in Central African populations.

To present the epidemiology of depressive and anxiety disorders among older people in two Central African countries.

A cross-sectional population-based study was carried out in Republic of Congo (ROC) and Central African Republic (CAR) between 2011 - 2012 among people aged ≥ 65 years (EPIDEMCA study). Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire and participants underwent a brief physical examination. Depression and anxiety symptoms were ascertained using a community version of the Geriatric Mental State (GMS-B3). Probable cases were defined as having a GMS-AGECAT score ≥ 3. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between potential risk factors collected and presence of at least one of both symptoms.

Overall 2002 participants were included in the EPIDEMCA study. Median age of the participants was 72 years [interquartile range: 68 – 78 years] and 61.8% were females. Prevalence was 38.1% (95% Confidence Interval: 35.9% - 40.2%) for depression, 7.7% (95% CI: 6.5% - 8.9%) for anxiety. In total 40.1% had least one of both symptoms. In multivariable models, the following factors were associated with the presence of at least one of both symptoms: female sex, residence area, frailty, cognitive disorders, a high happiness score (protective) and hypertension (adjusted Odds Ratios from 1.3 to 1.7; p<0.01).

In light of the high prevalence of both psychiatric symptoms among Central African older people, evidence on their epidemiology is important for better management and policy planning.

Perinatal depression is a severe and disabling condition, which affects negatively both mothers’ and children’s mental health and well-being. About 12.8% of pregnant women report depressive symptoms in the perinatal period.

The aims of the present study are to: 1) identify factors (socio-demographic and clinical) associated with an increased risk of developing PD; 2) promote a screening program on PD.

All pregnant women were assessed at each trimester of pregnancy, three days after the childbirth and after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months, with the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS). Women scoring ≥10 on the EPDS were invited to receive a full psychiatric evaluation to confirm the diagnosis.

420 women were recruited. 52.9%, 27.6% and 31.6% of participants presented an EPDS≥ 10 score at The I, II and III trimester of pregnancy, respectively. The percentage of patients with and EPS score ≥19 is 16.6%, 6.8%, 6.8%, 11.3% and 7.8% in 3 days following the childbirth and after 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, respectively. Higher EPDS scores are predicted by the presence of anxiety symptoms before pregnancy and of depressive and anxiety symptoms in previous pregnancies (p<0.05). Women with family conflicts and with anxiety symptoms in the partner are more likely to report higher EPDS scores (p<0.001).

Our results confirm that perinatal depression is a highly prevalent condition. An early identification of depressive symptoms during this period is crucial in order to reduce the long-term negative impact on the mothers, the newborn and other family members.

No significant relationships.

Eating Disorders are a frequent pathology, particularly among teenagers, a group characterized by its vulnerability and body dissatisfaction. Social networks (SN) can be a gateway to ED, mainly with Pro-Ana and Pro-Mia resources. Despite the aforementioned, SN can also be helpful for professionals, either as a tool of approach to vulnerable groups or as a way of interaction in patients already diagnosed.

To study the relationship between ED and SN, using the open access evidence available in Pubmed over the last 5 years.

A single-phase computerised search was carried out in Pubmed. The search terms were: (“Anorexia Nervosa”[Mesh] OR “Bulimia Nervosa”[Mesh] OR “Feeding and Eating Disorders”[Mesh] OR “Eating Disorders”[Tiab] OR “Eating Disorder”[Tiab] OR “Disorder, Eating”[Tiab] OR “Disorders, Eating”[Tiab] OR “Anorexia”[Tiab] OR “Bulimia”[Tiab]) AND (“blogging”[Mesh] OR “social media”[Mesh]). The filters applied were: “free Full Text” and publications for the last 5 years.

36.84% studied SN as a positive tool for ED. 47.37% revealed negative influence, only 44.44% focused on Pro-Ana and Pro-Mia. 15.79% provided both positive and negative arguments. The most studied SN were Twitter and Facebook.

Despite the known negative effect that SN can have on ED, they can also be used as a supportive recovery framework. They can be used to identify dangerous behaviours and intervene or as a prevention tool.

No significant relationships.