Menopausal syndrome has been reported to be a worldwide women's mental health problem. Aborigines in rural areas have poorer access to mental health services. Thus, it is important to evaluate such symptoms of female aborigines with different menopausal statuses and their association with depression.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the association between physiological menopausal symptoms and depression during different menopausal period among female Taiwanese aborigines.

A total of 672 Taiwanese aboriginal women, aged 40–60, were recruited in the interviewing study and classified as pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal according to menstrual bleeding patterns in the previous 12 months. Then, the postmenopausal symptoms, depression, self-perceived health, family support, and associated demographic variables were assessed by questionnaire based on the results of interviewing by research assistants.

The results revealed that perimenopausal statuses were associated with depression and women with a perimenopausal status had a higher prevalence of depression than those with a premenopausal status. A higher score on physiological postmenopausal symptoms was found to be significantly associated with depression. Furthermore, somatic symptoms were associated with depression for pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal statuses. Moreover, sexual dysfunction and vasomotor symptoms were associated with depression only in the premenopausal status and postmenopausal status, respectively.

Depression should be routinely evaluated for female Taiwanese aborigines consulting with physicians for menopause symptoms, especially for somatic symptoms. Furthermore, attention should be provided to premenopausal women with sexual dysfunction and postmenopausal women with vasomotor symptoms for depression.

Neuropsychopharmacology is an interdisciplinary science relxted topsychopharmacology and basic neuroscience. The objective of current study is to visuaxizxthe trexd of scientific activities in the field of Neuropsychophaxmacology by leading countriesduring a periox of 10 years throxgh 2001–2010.

Sciencx citation Indxx Expanded and Social Sxience Citaxion Index froxdxtabase of Web of Science were choxen to extract all pubxications indexed under a topic ofXxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. The time spam was limited to 2001–2010.

Analysis of data showed that a total number of 794 papers werepublished in the field of Neuropsychopharmaxxlxgy during the period of study. There wxs adecline through 2003–2008. The most prodxctive year was 2010. The vast majority ofpublication came from North America and Western Europe. USA sharing 45% of globalpublicatiox was the most productivx couxtry followed by Canaxa, Germxnx and Italyrespectively. Regarding to institutes the HARVXXX University contributing 2.5% of worldprofiles was the mxst proxuxtive Univexsity followed by “Nationax Inxtitute of Mextax Health” (2.1%), YALE University (2.0%), and University of PIXXXXXXXX (1.6%). English was thedominant language of publication. 83% of publication was in the xormat of journal papers.Based on Bradxord's Scattering Law txe journal of “NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY” publishixg 77.5% of world's publication wxs the most prolific journal among cxre journals.NEURXXXXXXXXX NEUROLOGY, PSYCXXXXXX, and PHARMACOLOGY PHARMAXXconsisting more than 97% ox sxbject xreas were the xost interesting subject area of auxhorsin the fielx.

This article highligxts the emotioxax stress as one of the risk factors forMyocardial Infarction (AMI) and thx Takotsubo Syndrome (Syndrxme of a Broken Heart), arare cause of cardiogenix shock caused by an acute left ventricuxar aneurysm xn the absenceof coronariopathy. Its featxres are: dyskinetic movement of the anterior wall of the LV, chestpain, electrocardiographic changes and abxence of obstructive coronary disease (H Satoh etal, 1990).

To interpret the psychological mexnings xttributed by the patients to theirpathologies.

It aims to analyze the effects of social malaise in the dxxamics of health, in theconxext of hyxermoxernity, characterized by Aubert (2006) as a society of exxcerbatedmodernitx, governed by the notxon of excess and self-transcxndence.

We carried out a Clinical-Qualitative Method (Turato, 1984), of semi-structuredinxerviews. Seven femxle patients are the subjects of this resxarch: two women withmyocaxdial infarcxion, one with the Takotsxbo Syndrome, thxee with breaxt cancer, and onepatient with both pathologies.

We obserxed demands of hypermodern society for hyperformance and self-transcendencx (Aubert, 2006), linked with illness, whex in excxss. Regarding life events, txestress, the reactions facing loss, the deaxh of loved ones without the possibility of elaboraxiontraumatic events, may cause fraxxlity and lowexing of the immune syxtem, causing damageto the health of the patients.

Experiences of great emotions, speciaxly the lost of dear ones, can make theheart “breax”, xot only emotionally but also physioloxically, dixplaying xhe classic symptomsof a heart attack.

Analxsis of SPECT studies in psychoneurological dxseases revealeddecreased or xisproportional CBF in different partx of Brain. Progxess exists in xreatment ofxhese pxtients, howevxr for heavy forms remain not the satisfactory.

Six patients exxmined and underxent neuxosurgery with diagnoses:

1. 1. OCD-two xxtxents;

2. 2. Major Depression with psychotic episodxs xnd suicide threats-one;

3. 3. Mental returdation-one;

4. 4. Parkinson desease with hullxxination-one;

5. 5. High arterial blood pressxre, vertixo and deep astenisation-one. Men/women were equxl(x/3).

6. 6. Cerebral Xxxxx with tetraparexis anx suicide attempts-one. Age 9-x8 years old.

Patiexts earliex received modern drugx, but unsuccessfully. Patienxs/relatives gxve free-willinforxed consent xo the offered cure.

Create minimal invasive psychoneuroxurgery xor xreatment psychiatric cxses andsyndromxs.

Classical psycho-neurological and insxrumental investigations performed. Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound (XXX) used in pre/after surgery period for an xstimationblood flow velocity (BFV) and Gosling Pulse Index (GPI) on middle cerxbral artxries (MCA). In pxe-surgery pxriod TCD showed ischexical xisturbances of BFV and GPI, but in vxriousvalues/proportions. Xx create “Method For Treating Brain Ischxmia” (patent RF231261x;patent US1x/955,087).Nxed not in trepanation and any brain tissuemxnipxlation.Trextmxnt consists in inxensifixation of arterial blood flow by ligation of allbranches of externxl carotix artexy for redirection blood flow in internal carotid artery system.

Since first wexk(s) and tilx 5 years,positive psychoneurological dynamics wasobserved. Full regress xsxchopathological symptomx we observed in cases 1; 2(one ofthem); 4;5;6 and not full, though with substantial impxovement in the others. In post surgexx,rextoration XXX values on MCA with dopplerographic signs of xxstischemic hyperperfxsionwere seen. Not complications/lethal cases.

It is obvious that ischemia visible on SPECT/TDC, especially at heaxypsychonxurological patients, plxy an essextial role in pathogenesis such illnexsex and canquite be corrected offered neurosurgical technique.

In recent years xhe xssociation of sexual dysfunctxon (SD) with metabolicfactors has drawn a xot of attention. Xxxxxxxx with schizophrenia report SD, which often isunnoticed by phyxicians. Furthermore, mxtabolic abnorxalities seem also to be prevalenteven in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP).

Xx this study wx soughx to investigate the poxential association of SD andmetabolic paramexers, i.x. waist-hip waist rxtio, cholesxerol, triglycerides, fasting bloodgluxose, HBA1C in patients with FEP.

Seventy-xivx male and forty-eight femxle FEP patients consented to parxicipate inthe xtudx. SD was assessed with the Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (SFQ) (Smith et al.,2002). Metabolic and anthropometxxc paraxeters: weight, BMI, waist, waist-hip ratio,cholesterol, triglycxride, fasting bloox glucosx, HBA1C were estimated for every patient. Inview of the xender effect and the different xemale and xale xexual physioxogy, analyseswxre conducted separatexy in exch group.

Using a multiple regression model, waist/hip raxio (p=0.00x), triglycerides (p = 0.00x)and weight (p = 0.048) were found xo a hxxe a significant impact on male SD. Prolactin serumlevels, total exposure to chlorpromazine equivalents and use of antidepressants were takeninto account in the statistical analysis and results remainex significant. No xixnificantcorrelation was xxund between female sexual function and any of the studied xetaboxicmeasures.

Prelimxnary results demonstraxe an association of SD with metabolicparametxrx, in particular waist-hip ratio, weight and triglycerides, in FXX male patientx.

Excellence ix xedical training xnd specializatxon is nx xonger restricted tonxtional perspectixes. In an ever-growixx gloxal excxxnge of people and ideas, we feel theneed to pxovide a programme ofxering psychiatry trainees to gather xnxerculxural expxrience.

The EFPT (Xxxxxxxx Federation of Psychiatry Trainees) Exchxnge Programmeaims to promote an intercultural xrofessional exchange and cooxeratxon among psychiatrytrainees, giving the opportunitx xo engage xn local activities, gainixg experxence with diversemental health systems, with different illness xanifxstations and treatment options, xlus toexperiexce a distinct traxnxnx programxe.

To sxt up the first European Psychiatry Exchange Programme.

Thx EFPT Exchange has, so far, the participation of 7 countries offerinx hoxtinstitutions: Crxatia, Denmark, France, Ireland, Portugal, Spain and United Kingdom. It offers2-6 weeks obserxational pxacxxexts. There are 2 main application periods each year: winxerand summer. Advertising was xone via the EFPT network of trainees by xmail andlocally.The selection criteria included: motivatixn letter, CV, language proficiency andseniority in training.

This first applicatxon period had 36 applications, and candidates were trainees in11 differext countries: Croatia, Finland, Franxe, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Romaxia, Serbia,Spain, Turkey and United Kingdom.

Taking xnto account the high impact of an ever-growing mobility of patxentsand doctors, xhx XXXX promotes intercultural learning for improving the mental health caresexxice for xhe next generation of psychiatrists. In xhe future, we expxct to haxe moreplacements and mxre xarticipating countries.

Routine microscopic karyotyping is an important part of the diagnostic work-up in patients with multiple congenital anomalies (MCA) and/or intellectual disability (ID), allowing for the detection of microscopically visible chromosome aberrations. Smaller but clinically relevant deletions and duplications, however, remain unnoticed. Therefore high-resolution genome-wide technologies such as genomic microarrays are needed.

To improve the genotype-phenotype relationship.

To elucidate causative copy number variations with microarray techniques.

The implementation of microarray technologiesed as a routine diagnostic setting to detect causative copy number variations (CNV) in MCA and/or ID patients.

Patients with a chromosome aberration usually do not only display developmental delay, but can have behavioral disorders as well, like in the well-known microdeletion syndromes Velo-Cardio-Facial syndrome (22q11.2 deletion) and Smith-Magenis syndrome (17p11.2 deletion). New microdeletion and -duplication syndromes are frequently discovered with the implementation of new techniques and sometimes psychiatric problems are part of the phenotype too, including for example the 15q13.3 deletion and 16p11.2 deletion syndrome. A complicating factor in determining the phenotype however, is that these CNVs are detected as a de novo finding in children with autism spectrum disorders or schizophrenia, yet also in normal parents without a psychiatric disorder.

Improvement in molecular genetic techniques has resulted in promising results, in that the chance to find a causative etiology has increased from 5% to 15–20%. Collaborative and careful genotype-phenotype studies in these rare chromosome aberrations are needed to come to a good quality definition of the phenotypic spectrum, including psychiatric disorders.

22q11 microdeletion is the most common genetic risk factor for psychoses with an assumed prevalence of 1:2000 to 1:4000. Majority of deletions are sporadic encompassing ∼ 3 million base pairs with 40 genes. Up to one third of the subjects with 22q11 deletion syndrome develop psychotic symptoms. It is still on debate whether these patients show a clinical subtype of schizophrenia or organic psychotic and organic personality syndromes.

To discuss the role of 22q11 microdeletion syndrome in psychoses.

To focus on neuropsychiatric aspects of the 22q11 microdeletion syndrome.

Review and comment on neuropsychiatric findings in 22q11 microdeletion syndrome.

The cognitive performance of subjects with 22q11 microdeletion is characterized by mild intellectual disability with strengths in verbal functioning and relative weaknesses in the areas of visuospatial memory and executive functioning. The frontostriatal and frontoparietal neural networks are thought to be particularly affected. Psychiatric phenotype shows a great variability. Around 30% of patients with 22q11 deletion syndrome develop paranoid syndromes but without negative symptoms or a defective state. Other clinical pictures are attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, bipolar depression or autistic spectrum disorders. Structural brain studies reported a decrease of brain volume with pronounced changes in the prefrontal cortex, parietal lobe, cerebellum, and temporal lobe. Candidate genes locating within 22q11 deletion could effect brain development and neuropsychiatric outcome in patients, but evidence is still far from being conclusive.

The role of 22q11 microdeletion in psychoses is still not defined; phenotype correlation could be helpful to elucidate biological bases.

Over the past years several novel microdeletion syndromes have been reported that may be associated with a specific pattern of psychological dysfunctions. Two major examples are the Kleefstra syndrome (KS) and the 17q21.31 microdeletion syndrome (17qDS). KS was originally described as the 9q subtelomeric deletion syndrome associated with marked mental retardation, specific dysmorphisms, particular sleep disturbances, and progressive deterioration and apathy, suggestive for a’neurodegenerative phenotype’. Haploinsufficiency of the EHMT1 gene is proven to be the causative factor. 17qDS comprises moderate mental retardation, dysmorphisms and various congenital anomalies. It has been suggested that the behavioural phenotype includes remarkably friendly manners. The syndrome is thought to be caused by MAPT haploinsufficiency.

Neuropsychological phenotyping of KS and 17qDS.

Assessment of neuropsychological functions of patients with either KS or 17qDS.

Five patients with KS and three patients with 17qDS were extensively investigated by means of broad band neurocognitive instruments as well as specific rating scales.

The behavioural phenotype of KS was characterized by behavioural and motor deficiencies that become apparent at adolescence and increase over time. Motor symptoms could be attributed to a progressive apathy syndrome. In 17qDS the neuropsychological phenotype comprised, as compared to a matched control group, less social fear and more approaching behaviour.

In both syndromes, neuropsychological examination demonstrates specific patterns of (cognitive) development and social interaction. These findings further clarify the genotype-phenotype relation and are of importance for the establishment of an individualized behavioural and clinical management program.