Individuals who report psychotic-type experiences are at increased risk of future clinical psychotic disorder. They constitute a ‘at-high risk’ group for studying the trajectory to schizophrenia and related illnesses. Psychotic disorders are a significant risk factor for suicide, especially young people. Previous research has used screening instruments to identify this high risk group but few studies have followed up by an in-depth clinical interview to assess the relationship between psychotic symptoms and suicidality or other psychopathology.

As part of a community study, a 50-minute self -reported screening questionnaire which included one item designed to assess psychotic symptoms (auditory hallucinations) was administered to 900 adolescents aged 14 years in community schools, in Cork, Ireland. The following question (“Have you ever heard voices or sounds that no one else can hear?”) was used as it has been shown previously to have best predictive power (Kelleher., 2009). Other screening questions assessed suicidality and other psychopathology. Detailed clinical interviews by experienced child and adolescent psychiatrists were subsequently carried out with some of these adolescents who endorsed a positive answer to screening questions.

We plan to calculate the sensitivity and specificity and positive predictive value for the specific screening symptom on auditory hallucinations and its relationship to psychopathology as verified on clinical interview.

Our results will be of value to those engaged in treating children and adolescents with psychiatric disorder and will inform on the clinical significance of a positive answer to a screening question on auditory hallucinations in adolescence.

Describe Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder's (ADHD) prevalence in Bipolar Disorders (BD) and relatives.

78 admissions for Bipolar Disorder (DSM-IV) in Impatient Psychiatric Unit, in Hospital Clínico Universitario of Valladolid (Spain). Only 36/78 patients participate in study. Demographic, social and clinical information were registered. ADHD symptomatology was evaluated from patient and descendant (Conners short version).

ADHD symptomatology suggestive in childhood/adolescence were detected in 13,9% (5/36). Conners score were negative (below 15) in all case.

ADHD symptomatology suggestive in their children were detected in 6,25% (n=3). Conner score were positive in 2,1%. Family psychiatry history in 72,2% (n=26), affective disorder in 60,52% (n=23). No family history with ADHD diagnosis. Only one case (2,8%) with symptomatology suggestive of ADHD in relatives.

The ADHD prevalence in our sample of BD and relatives weren’t higher than general population.

:

- Frontiers Between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Bipolar Disorder. Cathryn A. Galanter, MDa, Ellen Leibenluft, MD. Child Adolesc Psychiatric Clin N Am 17 (2008) 325-346.

- Co-occurrence of bipolar and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders in children.

Singh MK, DelBello MP, Kowatch RA, Strakowski SM.Review Article Bipolar Disorders 2006: 8: 710-720

Self-mutilation refers to a variety of behaviors in which individuals deliberately inflict body lesions against themselves, with not accepted or even socially reproved purposes, but with no suicidal intent. Adolescence is a known risk factor for these behaviors.

Clinical and bibliographic review of self-mutilation in adolescence.

Review of medical files of adolescents followed in the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Bibliographic review of papers about self-mutilation in adolescents.

The authors present 5 clinical vignettes (4 girls and 1 boy) of adolescents presenting with self-mutilations. Proposed theoretical models explaining the causes of these behaviors and their alleged functional role for the individual are presented based on the bibliographic review. Implicated psychosocial factors (predisposing and precipitating), associated symptoms and psychiatric syndromes (eg.: depression, personality disorders) and relation to suicide are discussed. Finally, different therapeutic approaches are presented as well as the major challenges to intervention in these situations.

: Self-mutilation represents a heterogeneous clinical condition with a multifactorial and complex pathophysiology requiring a comprehensive biopsychosocial intervention.

To evaluate the reason of major behavioral problems in patients with alopecia universalis, we tried to examine by way of the Millon's MCMI- III whether these signs are transient or ingrained.

Patients with alopecia universalis (279 consecutive) were studied before and 3 months after treatment with MCMI-III and scheduled psychiatric interview. They were stratified in regard to sex, age, socioeconomic class, age of onset of alopecia (before or after 18yrs.) and response. The results were compared with 3000 normal examinees.

There was significant preponderance of personality disorders among patients with early onset (p< 0.003) but not late onset (p=0.1) alopecia including schizotypal, schizoid, self defeating, borderline and avoidant personalities compared to the general population. This was not affected by treatment. (p< 0.004) All alopecia patients showed higher scales in axis II disorders including depression, anxiety, drug abuse, alcohol abuse in addition to major thought disorders. (Overall p< 0.02) These were ameliorated with treatment of alopecia. These data were confirmed by scheduled interviews.

This is the first report of severe personality disorder in the context of a medical condition. We conclude that childhood onset chronic illnesses can cause serious personality disorders that are a stronger predictor than genetics or learned behavior encompassed in previous theories on personality. Alopecia universalis has a more sustained effect due to jeopardizing the development of self image.

Diagnostics of level of uneasiness at children with damage intrafamily relations and working out of the recommendation about the most effective methods of psychocorrectional work.

64 persons took part In research. From them 38 maidens. (59,3%), 26 it is small. (40,6%). The age of the surveyed has made from 6 till 10 years.

1. 1) a technique of measurement of level of uneasiness of Taylor (adaptation by Norakidze),

2. 2) projective techniques: «family Drawing», and «the Nonexistent animal».

At 46 people (71,8%) high level of uneasiness is revealed; at 18 foreheads (28,1%) the uneasiness average level-was revealed; uncertainty in and a low self-estimation (р≤0,05).

More often the surveyed mark such features in intrafamily mutual relations as: verbal aggression from members of a family to the examinee, critical noticed and neglect interests of the child, and as absence of joint activity with parents.

Presence of uneasiness, a low self-estimation and sensation of emotional isolation, specify on family desadaptation and use of inadequate approaches in education. In system of complex psychocorrectional work with children of the given contingent, it is expedient to apply a method of group psychotherapy with relaxation elements (respiratory and muscular), dreams therapy.

This recent demographic and epidemiologic study includes the prevalence of nocturia among the primary school children in Ardabil, Nocturia causes irretrievable damages in children's mentality and may have results such as being shy, offensive and lying on children.

In this study, about 500 students were determined but regarding to different cultural issues. questionnaires were distributed among the students in clustery ways which were answered by the parents of the students. Information and statistics were analyzed by using SPSS software out of 640 filled papers.

The prevalence of nocturia among the children in Ardabil is 17/18% which 7/49% were girls and 9/68% were boys. 83/5% of them had the primary nocturia and 15/6% the secondary one. The most prevalence was in age-groups between 8 to 10 with 41/8%. 60/6% of them nocturia were the first or second one in the family. 31/2% of them had precedent of using horrible movies.23/1%coming a newborn baby.20/4%had the precedent of snoring at nights and a stuff feeling during sleep. 18/2%had inadequate physically growth. 13/8% had the prevalence of UTI, 13/1% the mothers employed, 7/5% had constipation, 3/7% spinal trauma, 2/7% congenital kidney diseases and 0/9% had

Myelic problem.

The goal of this study is finding the number of children having nocturia in Ardabil in primitive age groups regarding the separation of girls and boys and looking into the reasons that cause nocturia in order to find effective strategies against the problem.

A percentage of children with learning difficulties (LD) in reading and calculating have behavioral problems (BP), too. Two LD groups - having (GA) and not-having (GB) behavioral problems according to their teachers - were studied.

Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was filled by the teachers of 236 LD children, 45 of them having BP complaints. Factor Analysis was employed to analyze CBCL data.

Two Factors accounted for more than 70% of the total data variance on both GA (F1 and F2) and GB (F3 and F4 in Table 1) groups.

Table 1

ATE - attention deficit; HIP - hyperactivity; OPO - opposition-defiant; SOC - sociability; ANX - anxiety; AFE -affective complaints; SHY - shyness; AGR - aggressiveness; SOM - somatic complaints.

According to the DSM-V and the above results, GA children have a CBLC profile compatible with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD - F1) or Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Combined Type (F2), whereas GB students are either ADHD, Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type (F3) or ADHD, Predominantly Inattentive Type (F4).

The results indicate that teachers tend to consider either ADHD/Hyperactive-Impulsive (F3) or ADHD/Inattentive (F4) as not having BP and to consider misbehavior associated with GAD (F1) and ADHD/Combined (F2).

About 27% of teenagers have some type of mental health disorder such as anxiety, depression and substance abuse. Depression is a serious disorder, most common in teenagers and often goes unnoticed. However, they can be detected early by teachers and we have effective treatments. Studies in European countries estimated the prevalence of adolescent depression around 12.55%, being more frequent in women. The prevalence increases with age and there are population studies that suggest that the high prevalence of depression is common in adolescents. One of the most important and most frequently associated with depression is suicide, becoming a serious health problem and constitute the third leading cause of death among adolescents between 15 and 24.

To estimate the prevalence of depression in adolescents in Spain. Rate sociodemographic variables associated.

Study desing: Observational, descriptive.

Study scope: Primary Care Health.

Subject of the study: Spanish students of 14 to 18 years old.

Variables to measure: Depression: Beck's depression index. Sociodemographics: Age, sex, course, repeater, number of siblings, smoker, drinker, toxic consumer, marital status of parents.

Sample size: It is calculated by accepting a signification level of 95%. A sample size of 2347 patients is estimated, including losses.

We will do an univariate analysis of qualitative variables by frequency and quantity by the mean, median and standard deviation. We will do a bivariate analysis using chi-square for qualitative variables and t test and ANOVA for qualitative as quantitative. Logistic regression will assess the factors that are associated with depression.

To describe a cohort of adolescents presenting to an emergency department with mental health problems.

An Emergency Department (ED) computerized record system and hospital records were used to obtain data on adolescents aged from 12 to 17 years who presented to an ED of a General Hospital with emotional or behavioural problems.

There were 213 presentations of 182 adolescents in a 12-month period. 77% were female, 56% were 16 or 17 years old, 8% did not live with immediate or extended family. There was a wide variety of presenting symptoms including anxiety, self-harm, suicide attempts (14,5% presented with suicidal behaviour), behavioural disorders, depression, eating disorders, acute psychosis, developmental disability, substance abuse. Psychosocial problems were frequent. Medication was prescribed in 38% of the presentations and 7.5% of the cases were admitted to a psychiatry ward. 54% had no previous psychiatric history.

Many adolescents with mental health problems had no previous or current treatment and were referred to local mental health resources for further evaluation. Psychiatric ED evaluations are an opportunity for recognition of risk factors, screening and early intervention in youth with mental health disorders and their management involves collaborative efforts with multidisciplinary services.

To evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of playrooms implemented in care services of children's health, while waiting for a consultation appointment.

A playroom was developed in a child psychiatry outpatient service in a University Hospital, where spontaneous approaches, without educational or psycho-specific directing, were conducted by members of a multidisciplinary team of this service. The children had their attitudes and behaviors observed by these professionals during the playful waiting time in the playroom. Therefore, all observations have been used in subsequent discussions with the professional directly responsible for the child's care, in order to enrich and supplement the case's supervision.

In spite of the spread of the playrooms, there are few studies about them, their objectives and key aspects for their creation and maintenance. It not only adds new elements to those given by family, teachers and patients, but also allows a free observation of the latent unspoken aspects that emerge during play and complement or even change the caregiver first impressions.

The experience of a playroom implemented in a child psychiatry outpatient service in a University Hospital agrees with the studies that indicate that through playful-creative activities children can make discoveries their own way, develop relationships and elaborate affective aspects of their psychic space. Rescue strategies in spontaneous play are essential elements for the children's integral development, creativity, learning and socialization. Above all, playrooms also have a therapeutic and diagnostic role in children's care.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is among the most commonly diagnosed behavioural disorders. There is a glaring paucity of published data on current practice in ADHD Clinics in UK. Following on from recommendations of the European Clinical Guidelines for Hyperkinetic Disorder, NICE guidelines, American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, it is practice that an appropriately qualified healthcare professional only should make a formal diagnosis of ADHD, with the assessment process involving a multidisciplinary team approach. A specialist ADHD clinic was started in Hemel Hempstead in 2005 conducted on a monthly basis.

The present work aims to collate the demographics of the referrals to the Specialist ADHD clinic, and compare it to the National figures. Theories and ideas relevant to improvement could be deduced from this data.

Literature review has been conducted to have national figures for comparison. Data will be collated from monthly appointments to ascertain the demographic facts. Further work will include looking at the outcome of the assessment. Data collection will involve review of notes, letters and recording of information and analysis will be done with use of excel and graphs.

Will show the number and characteristics of referrals; and the outcome of assessments. These will then be compared to national figures.

Recommendations will be extracted from the data available. These preliminary findings would help in understanding the disorder better, and add to the evidence base which could then be applied to effective management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

In classical stroop task ADHD children show core deficit in interference control in the condition of the incongruent color word: more errors and slower speed. In previous studies children with emotional disorder were found to show attentional bias in emotional stroop task in which children are asked to name quickly the color of emotional words such as ‘anxious’, ‘worried’, ‘sad’ and ‘disappointed’, while ignoring the meaning of the words. The aim of this study was to evaluate emotional stroop effect between ADHD and emotional disordered children to investigate attentional bias toward emotional stimuli.

The subjects were 22 ADHD children and 14 children who have emotional disorder, including anxiety, tic or depressive disorder. Classical stroop task as well as emotional stroop task, IQ test, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children(STAIC) and Children's Depression Inventory(CDI) were administered individually to all children.

1. 1. Children with emotional disorder obtained higher CDI and STAIC scores than ADHD children.

2. 2. There were no significant group difference in emotional stroop task between children with emotional disorder and ADHD even after controlling IQ.

We could not found that children with emotional disorder show more attentional bias toward anxiety or depression-relevant stimuli than ADHD children. Further research with large subjects and more sophisticated assessment of emotional problem is needed to elucidate emotional stroop effect.

Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (Goodman et al, 1998) completed from children and their parents. SDQ included 25 items, generating scores for emotional-behavioral problems.

Was completed using SPSS 10.0. Comparisons were made between groups, problems and predictive factors influencing emotional and behavioral problems.

A total of 200 children referred to CAP from 2 - 17 years old were screened, from which 53.1% males and 46.3% females. Mean age was 9.5 ± 4.4 years old. 15.4% were identified being with borderline emotional symptoms and 62.9% were within abnormal range of emotional symptoms. 16.7% of the children were identified with borderline behavioral symptom and 60.6% were within abnormal range of behavioral symptoms. 10.5% were identified with borderline hyperactivity symptoms and 48.7% were within abnormal range of hyperactivity/inattention symptoms. From the total sample resulted that 8% of them had borderline difficulties and other 84.6% of the subjects had experienced abnormal and major overall social, emotional, behavioral difficulties. There was a significant statistical difference between symptoms and gender (p< 0.002).

This study represents a serious approach in identifying problems of emotional and behavioral health for Albanian children/adolescents and the need of further studies in community for the prevention of mental health problems in children/adolescents.

M. is a 12 year old girl, whom since the age of 3 has been increasing the frequency of tics (screeches, closing the eyes, clenching the fists, exposing her teeth, repeating countlessly “I’m kidding!”, “You’re a whore”).

She has a younger sister. Her mother was diagnosed with anxious depression and her father suffers from chronic alcohol abuse.

The complementary diagnostic tests performed (CT, EEG, MRI), requested by the physicians that she consulted previously, were normal.

With sorrow, M. states on her first appointment “I’m hyperactive and I cannot control myself”.

The authors aim to present a short revision of the literature on Tourette syndrome, describing a clinical case, highlighting the therapeutic intervention (psychopharmacological and psychotherapeutic) and the clinical course.

Clinical case presentation and revision of the literature.

Managing patients with Tourette syndrome requires a comprehensive intervention, which includes medication and a psychotherapeutic approach.

In the case described, a psychoeducational intervention was performed with M.’s family and M. teachers (information about the disease and strategies to reduce stress inducers and undervalue the tics), family counseling (exploring the impact of the tics in their lives and how this could be minimized), cognitive-behavioral techniques and administration of a dopamine antagonist agent.

In this particular case, family intervention was paramount to the favorable clinical outcome, since it was a dysfunctional family.

To describe a case of conversion disorder in a pre-school girl, affecting the sensory functions.

The authors revise the specific characteristics of this disorder in pre-school children and highlight its differences from adult's common pictures. With that purpose they describe a case of a 5 year's old girl who attended the ER with sudden blindness complaints. She was admitted for observation and investigation. All possible organic causes where excluded. She was then referred to Child and Adolescent Psychiatry emergency consultation. She was diagnosed with Conversion Disorder triggered by a familiar stressful situation and was medicated with diazepam. Her vision recovered suddenly within a few hours.

Although common among adolescents and older children, conversion disorder is a rare entity among pre-school children. The affected function in this age group is usually the motor function, but in rare cases it can affect the sensory functions causing deafness or blindness. This seems to be associated with stressful events but also has a strong familiar component, where imitation of adult's behaviors and familiar gains take major roles.

Eating disorder becomes a problem in the moment when the changes in the way of food consumption are changing the quality of life.

In the population of secondary school students, 610 students,have been chosen by the method of systematic sampling. The study is prospective, control, clinical-epidemiological, descriptive and analytic. The applied instruments are Eating Attitudes Test and Eating Disorders Inventory by Garner. The respondents who have the score of 20 or higher on the EAT-26 are the experimental group, and control group is consisted of adolescents who did not show high scores on these scales. What is being compared between the groups are the scores of the Eating Disorders Inventory by Garner and EAT-26 scales.

There were(59%) females and males (41%). 56 (9.2%) had a high score on the EAT-26, Salčić S. (2005) found 10.3% of respondents with a high sum on the EAT-26. 67.9% of respondents who are in the group of critical score on the EAT-26 (x2 = 8,049, p = 0005) show a desire for slenderness. Dissatisfaction with their own body shows 91.1% (x2 = 5,638, p = 0018). 53.6% from the experimental group show an interceptive awareness (x2 = 24,207, P = 0000). 42.9% (x2 = 11,602, P = 0001) have an expressed perfectionism.

Changes in the nutrition attitudes are also followed by certain changes in body perception and mood, which is reflected in the development of clinical forms of eating disorders.

Adolescence characterize frequent psychical crisis which are result of biological development, looking for own identity, changes in family relation and many socio-cultural influences. Many of social, economic, other environmental factors make some changes in adolescent population. The main objective was finding how many adolescents had risk behavior and subsequences oftener sexual intercourse and aggressive behavior.

Research has done in Banjaluka's high schools, involved 202 adolescents age 18 (51 male, 151 female) which are separate in two groups. Adolescents who consumed psychoactive substances were in experimental group and control group involve adolescents who don’t use psychoactive substances. In research used risk behavior questionnaire Q-2000 (K.B. Kelly, 2000).

Out of total number of individuals in the study, 35,6% was cigarette smokers, 56,9% consumed alcohol, 20,2% consumed marijuana, and sexual intercourse 21,7% (75% used contraceptive methods). Adolescents which used alcohol oftener had sexual intercourse(27,8%, p= 0,026) than adolescents who don’t drink (13,8%), and 29,5% was aggressive in last year. Similar results was found in groups with marijuana and tobacco. Group which used marijuana 34,1% (p= 0,052) had sexual intercourse than group who don’t smoke cannabis (18,6%) and they were aggressive 41,8%. Group which used tobacco had sexual intercourse 34,7% (p=0,0017) than group nonsmokers (14,6%), and aggressive behavior 30,5%.

Adolescents are prone to abuse of psychoactive substances in developing countries. The consequence is higher risk behavior such as violence and promiscuity. Research will be conducted to develop preventive and educational programs in schools.

Many youth with tics experience distress about having tics and how others may perceive them. Such symptoms are often more impairing and distressing than are the tics and negatively impact self-concept, functioning, and quality of life. Although treatments exist that target the frequency and severity of tics, no intervention has been developed that helps youth with tics cope with their condition and limit associated functional impairment and distress. Given this, we developed a cognitive-behaviorally oriented psychotherapy protocol that promotes adaptive coping and resiliency among youth with tics in addressing varied issues commonly experienced by this population. This poster reports data from the Phase I component of this study.

Phase I concentrated on developing the treatment protocol through expert opinion coupled with focus groups with parents and children with a tic disorder. Based on this, we developed a preliminary manual and piloted it in 6 youth with tics who met relevant inclusion/exclusion criteria. Phase II involves a preliminary test of the protocol in that focuses primarily on feasibility issues. All subjects participated in assessments (Screening, Baseline, Post-treatment) conducted by a blinded independent evaluator.

Only Phase I data will be presented as Phase II is ongoing. Descriptive statistics related to improvement rates; tic severity; child self-esteem and self-efficacy; and child internalizing symptoms will be reported. Qualitative data from the focus groups will also be presented regarding domains of impairment for youth with tics.

This treatment shows early promise of helping youth with tics cope with their condition.