Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T01:20:36.112Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Staff Competence in Dealing with Traditional Approaches

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2020

M. Kastrup
Get access

Abstract

Health care and health care systems should be seen and understood in their socio-cultural context. Modern urbanized societies are likely to exhibit health care pluralism, and different therapeutic approaches are available side-by-side. The various models may take their origin in different cultural traditions, but in most societies one type of care is at a given time considered “above” the others. However health care activities in all societies show a degree of interrelation, reflecting societal changes in which normative practices, value systems and structures change over time. In the current Western health systems evidence-based biomedical care is the prevailing system taught to all professionals.

The present paper outlines the prevailing health paradigms, and the advantages and shortcomings of the various approaches and their relation to modern care will be discussed. With increased multicultural backgrounds of patients there is a need for mental health professionals to recognize the existence of traditional approaches and be aware of the parallel systems of care. Competent treatment of such patients requires that mental health professionals are aware of this and exhibit a willingness and ability to bridge between the more traditional and the Western approaches to treatment. The delineations and various aspects of the concept cultural competence and its dimensions will be discussed from a clinical perspective.

Comparative studies of the various Western and the traditional approaches respectively will be reviewed.

Keywords

Staff competenceTraditional approachesCultural competenceDieaseIllness
Type
Research Article
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 23 , Issue S1: Transcultural psychiatry in Europe , January 2008 , pp. s59 - s68
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

16. References

Al-Krenawi, A., Graham, J.R.Gender and biomedical /traditional mental health utilization among the bedouin-arabs of the Negev. Culture, Med Psychiatr 1999; 23: 219–243CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV). Washington: APAPress: 1994Google Scholar
Baez, A., Kastrup, M.Faldgruber og redningsbælter: Psykiske lidelser hos personer af ikke dansk baggrund i almen praksis (Pitfalls and safety belts. Psychiatric disorders in persons of non-Danish background in general practice). Månedsskr Prakt Lægegern 2003; 81: 1641–1652Google Scholar
Bannerman, R.H., Burton, J., Wen-Chieh, C.Traditional medicine and health care coverage. Geneva: World Health Organization: 1983Google Scholar
Bhugra, D.Migration and Schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 2000; 407: 68–73CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cross, T., Bazron, B., Dennis, K., Isaacs, M.Towards a culturally competent system of care, volume I. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Child Development Center, CASSP Technical Assistance Center: 1989Google Scholar
Davis, K.Exploring the intersection between cultural competency and managed behavioral health care policy: Implications for state and county mental health agencies. Alexandria, VA: National Technical Assistance Center for State Mental Health Planning: 1997Google Scholar
Edwards, S.D.Traditional and modern medicine in South Africa: a research study. Soc Sci Med 1986; 22: 1273–1276CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eisenberg, L.Disease and illness: Distinctions between professional and popular ideas of sickness. Culture, med psychiatr 1977; 1: 9–23CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eiser, A., Ellis, G.Cultural competence and the African American experience with health care: The case for specific content in cross-cultural education. Acad Med 2007; 82: 176–183CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eskin, M.Rural population's opinions about the causes of mental illness, modern psychiatric help-sources and traditional healers in Turkey. Internat. J Soc Psychiatr 1989; 35: 324–328CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fox, R.C.Cultural competence and the culture of medicine. New Engl J Med 2005; 353: 1316–1319CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Furnham, A., Smith, C.Choosing alternative medicine: a comparison of the beliefs of patients visiting a general practitioner and a homeopath. Soc Sci Med 1988; 26: 685–689CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldberg, D., Huxley, P.Mental Illness in the Community: The Pathway to Psychiatric Care. London: Tavistock: 1980Google Scholar
Gullestrup, H.Kultur analyse. (Culture analysis). Copenhagen: Akademisk forlag: 2002Google Scholar
Haasen, C., Yagdiran, O., Mass, R., Krausz, M.Schizophrenic disorders among Turkish migrants in Germany: a controlled clinical study. Psychopathology 2001; 34: 203–208CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Helman, C.G.Culture, health and illness. London: Arnold: 2001Google Scholar
Helweg-Larsen, K., Kastrup, M.Etniske forskelle I kontaktmønstret til psykiatrisk behandling (Ethnic differences in contact pattern to psychiatric treatment). Copenhagen: Centre Transcultural Psychiatry: 2007Google Scholar
Heritage, J., Maynard, D.W.Problems and prospects in the study of physician-patient interaction: 30 years of research. Annual Rev Sociol 2006; 32: 351–374CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hiegel, J.P.Collaboration with traditional healers Experience in refugees mental care. Internat J Ment Hlth 1984; 12: 30–43CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaba, R., Sooriakumaran, P.The evolution of the doctor-patient relationship. Internat. J Surgery 2007; 5: 57–65Google Scholar
Karders, B., Gonzales, P.P., Beine, K.-H.Psychogene anfälle: Domäne des Hoca? Psychiat Prax 2001; 28: 193–197CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King M A, Sims A, Osher D. How is Cultural Competence Integrated in Education? http://cecp.air.org/cultural/Q_integrated.htm#def, 4.7.2007.Google Scholar
Kirmayer, L.The cultural diversity of healing: meaning, metaphor and mechanism. Brit Med Bllt 2004; 69: 333–348Google ScholarPubMed
Kleinman, A.Patients and healers in the context of culture. Berkeley: University of California Press: 1980Google Scholar
Kleinman, A., Gale, J.L.Patients treated by physicians and folk healers: A comparative outcome study in Taiwan. Culture. Medicine and Psychiatry 1982; 6: 405–423CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kleinman, A.Rethinking psychiatry: From cultural category to personal experience. New York: Basic Books: 1991Google Scholar
Kleinman A, Benson P. Anthropology in the clinic: The problem of cultural competence and how to fix it. http://medicine.plosjournals.org/perlserv/%3Frequest-get-document&doi-10.1371%2Fjournal.prmed.0030294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knutzen, M., Sandvik, L., Hauff, E., Opjordsmoen, S., Friis, S.Association between patients’ gender, age and immigrant background and use of restraint – a 2 year retrospective study at a department of emergency psychiatry. Nord J Psychiatr 2007; 61: 201–206CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lemelson, R.B.Traditional healing and its discontents: Efficacy and traditional therapies of neuropsychiatric disorders in Bali. Med Anthropol Quart 2004; 18: 48–76CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Malina, D.Compliance, caricature, and culturally aware care. New Eng. J Med 2005; 353: 1317–1318CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nielsen, A.Etniske minoriteters brug af sundhedsvæsenet. (The utilization of health services by ethnic minorities). Copenhagen: AMID: 2002Google Scholar
Okasha, A.The impact of Arab culture on psychiatric ethics. Okasha, , et al.Ethics culture and psychiatry Washington: APA Press, 2000Google Scholar
Razali, S.M., Khan, U.A., Hasanah, C.I.Belief in supernatural causes of mental illness among Malay patients: impact on treatment. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1996; 94: 229–233CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Röder, F., Opalic, P.Der Einfluss des Hodschas auf türkische psychiatrische Patienten in der Bundesrepublik- eine Auswertung klinischer Fallbeispiele. Psychiat Prax 1987; 14: 157–162Google Scholar
Tobin, M.Developing mental health rehabilitation services in a culturally appropriate context: an action research project involving Arabic-speaking clients. Aust Health Rev 2000; 23: 177–184CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tseng, W.-S.Handbook of cultural psychiatry. San Diego: Academic Press: 2001Google Scholar
Tseng, W.S.Clinician's guide to cultural psychiatry. San Diego: Academic Press: 2003Google Scholar
Warner, R.Deception and self-deception in shamanism and psychiatry. Internat. J Soc Psychiatr 1980; 26: 41–52CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wessels, W.H.The traditional healer and psychiatry. Austral. New Zealand J Psychiatr 1985; 19: 283–286CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wikipedia. Cultural competence http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_competence 4.7.2007.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Formulating strategies for Health for All by the Year 2000. Geneva: WHO; 1979.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases 10th revision (ICD-10). Geneva: WHO; 1994.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Traditional Medicine Strategy 2002-05. Geneva: WHO; 2002.Google Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.