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El tabaquismo relacionado con la ansiedad y la depresión: evidencias de una encuesta de población: estudio HUNT
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 May 2020
Resumen
Desde hace tiempo se sabe que el tabaquismo se asocia con la depresión y con la ansiedad. Este estudio (a) analiza estas asociaciones teniendo en cuenta las enfermedades coexistentes, (b) investiga las posibles variables contaminantes, (c) compara la ansiedad y la depresión en ex-fumadores con las de fumadores actuales y no fumadores y analiza si la ansiedad y la depresión disminuyen desde que se deja de fumar. Los participantes (66%) tenían 20-89 años y se sometieron a cribado a una encuesta de salud de la población (n=60,814) usando HADS. (a) La asociación con el tabaquismo fue máxima en pacientes con depresión y ansiedad, seguida de los pacientes con ansiedad, y sólo fue marginal en pacientes con depresión. Las asociaciones fueron más fuertes en mujeres y en jóvenes, (b) Las variables que en parte explicaron esta asociación fueron los síntomas somáticos, los datos socio-demográficos, los problemas con el alcohol y la actividad física baja, (c) La ansiedad y la depresión eran máximas en fumadores actuales, seguidos de ex-fumadores y no fumadores. No se observó ninguna disminución a lo largo del tiempo en la ansiedad ni en la depresión desde el abandono del hábito de fumar. Los estudios anteriores sobre asociaciones entre depresión y tabaquismo podrían haber sobreestimado esta asociación ignorando la ansiedad coexistente.
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