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Prevalencia de la depresión medida por el CBDI en una población escolar predominantemente adolescente en Turquía
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 May 2020
Resumen
Objetivos.
Este estudio transversal distribuido al azar que involucró a una población escolar predominantemente adolescente (que iba de los cursos 6° a 11°) se realizó para determinar la prevalencia y características clínicas de la depresión en adolescentes en la ciudad de Mersin, Turquía.
Sujetos y métodos.
Se seleccionó una muestra estratificada de 4.256 estudiantes como representativa de la población escolar adolescente de la ciudad. Se dividió a los estudiantes en dos grupos segun el diagnóstico (Grupo I: adolescentes depresivos; Grupo II: adolescentes sin depresión). El intervalo de edad variaba entre 10 y 20 anos, con una media de 14,53 afios (DT = 1,89), es decir, una media de 14,73 años (DT = 1,79) para el grupo I y 15,5 afios (DT = 1,9) para el grupo II. Los datos se obtuvieron vía dos cuestionarios estructurados diseñados para determinar la presencia y las características clinicas de la depresión tanto en los adolescentes como en sus padres. Además, se administró el Inventario de Depresión de Beck para Nifios (CBD) a todos los estudiantes que participaron en el estudio. Después del control de calidad de los datos, la muestra de estudio se redujo a 4.143 adolescentes. La edad media de los estudiantes era 11,23 ± 6,44 años y la proporción chicos/chicas, 1,19:1.
Resultados.
Se encontró que la prevalencia de la depresion según el CBDI (punto de corte: 19) era 12,55% en este grupo de estudio, con una prevalencia significativamente más alta de depresion en las chicas que en los chicos. El análisis de regresión binario demostró que los factores mas importantes implicados en el comienzo de la depresión en adolescentes eran tener problemas con los padres, repetir curso y la humillatión en la escuela, y que los síntomas más comunes eran los sentimientos de falta de valía/culpa, tristeza, vacío, irritabilidad y trastornos somáticos.
Conclusión.
Este estudio escolar transversal prospectivo distribuido al azar ha examinado las características sociodemográficas y clinicas de los adolescentes con depresión en una población de estudiantes. Se encontró que en este grupo de estudio había un nivel relativamente alto de síntomas depresivos, con un predominio claro de las mujeres sobre los varones. Se ha debatido otras características clínicas de los adolescentes con depresión en el contexto de investigacions anteriores.
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References
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