Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T06:05:34.909Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Health impacts of epidemiological environment change: measurement issues

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 July 2008

Joses Kirigia
Joses Kirigia
Affiliation:
Health Economics Unit, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Epidemiological environment (EE) could be denned as a set of conditions and processes, both physical and social, that influence the interaction between human beings and disease agents. The human epidemiological environment is shaped by various aspects of development and global change, viz. the influences of human population size, mobility, geographic distribution, urbanization, and nutrition status; modernization (macro-and microeconomic enterprise); loss of indigenous medicinal knowledge; microbial evolution of antibiotic resistance; land conversion and biodiversity loss; agricultural intensification; stratospheric ozone depletion; and climatic change (Daily and Ehrlich, 1995). Health status is affected greatly not only by economic development (e.g. by policies influencing per capita income and its distribution), but also through changes in EE.

Type
Commentary
Information
Environment and Development Economics , Volume 1 , Issue 3 , July 1996 , pp. 359 - 367
Copyright
Copyright © 1996, Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Behrman, J.R. (1993), ‘Health and economic growth: theory, evidence and policy’, in World Health Organization, Macroeconomic Environment and Health, Geneva: World Health Organization, 21–62.Google Scholar
Bergner, M., Bobbit, R.A., Carter, W.B. and Gilson, B.S. (1981), ‘The Sickness Impact Profile: development and final revision of a health status measure’, Medical Care 8: 787–805.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
British Medical Association (BMA) (1990), Family Health Encyclopedia, London: Dorling Kindersley.Google Scholar
Cairns, J. (1992), ‘Discounting and health benefits: another perspective’, Health Economics 1(1): 76–79.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, M.M. and Bryant, B.E. (1975), ‘The measurement of health—a critical and selective overview’, International Journal of Epidemiology 4(4): 257–264.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Culyer, A.J., ed. (1983), Health Indicators: An International Study of the European Science Foundation, London: Martin Robertson.Google Scholar
Culyer, A.J. (1992), ‘The morality of efficiency in health care—some uncomfortable implications’, Health Economics 1(1): 7–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Culyer, A.J. (1993), ‘Health, health expenditures and equity’, in Van Doorslaer, E., Wagstaff, A. and Rutten, F., eds., Equity in Finance and Delivery of Health Care: An International Perspective, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Culyer, A.J. and Wagstaff, A. (1992), ‘QALYs versus HYEs: a theoretical exposition’, York Discussion Paper Series No. 14, Centre for Health Economics, University of York.Google Scholar
Culyer, A.J., Lavers, R. and Williams, A. (1972), ‘Health indicators’, in Shonfield, A. and Shaw, S., eds., Social Indicators and Social Policy, London: Heinemann.Google Scholar
Davis, A. (1986), ‘Recent advance in schistosomiasis’, Quarterly Journal of Medicine 226: 95–110.Google Scholar
Donaldson, C, Atkinson, A., Bond, J. and Wright, K. (1988), ‘Should QALYs be programme specific?’, Journal of Health Economics 7: 239–257.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Drummond, M.F. (1987), ‘Resource allocation decisions in health care: a role for quality of life assessments’, Journal of Chronic Diseases, 40(6): 605–616.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drummond, M.F. (1989), ‘Output measurement for resource allocation decision in health care’, Oxford Review of Economic Policy 5: 59–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drummond, M.F. (1991), ‘Output measurement for resource allocation in health care’, in McGuire, A., Fen, P and Mayhew, K., eds., Providing Health Care: The Economics Systems of Finance and Delivery, Oxford University Press, 99–119.Google Scholar
Forsyth, D.M. (1969), ‘A longitudinal study of endemic urinary schistosomiasis in a small East African community’, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 40: 771–783.Google Scholar
Forsyth, D.M. and Bradly, D.J. (1966), ‘The consequences of bilharziasis: medical and public health importance in North-West Tanzania’, Bulletin of the World Health Organization 34: 715–735.Google Scholar
Garni, A. (1989), ‘The quality of QALYs (quality-adjusted-life-years): do QALYs measure what they at least intend to measure?’, Health Policy 13: 81–83.Google Scholar
Gerald, K., Dobson, M. and Hall, J. (1993), ‘Framing and labelling effects in health descriptions: quality life years for treatment of breast cancer’, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 46: 77–84.Google Scholar
Hunt, S.L., McEwan, J. and McKenna, S.P. (1985), ‘Measuring health status: a new tool for clinicians and epidemiologists’, Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 185–188.Google ScholarPubMed
Kaplan, R.M., Anderson, J.P., Wu, A.W., Mathews, C., Kozin, F. and Orenstein, D. (1989), ‘The quality of well-being scale: applications in AIDS, cystic fibrosis and arthritis’, Medical Care 27: S27–S43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katz, S., Ford, A.B., Moskowitz, R.W., Jacobson, B.A. and Jaffe, M.W. (1963), ‘The index of ADL: a standardized measure of biological and physiological indicators’, Journal of Gerontology 29: 555–563.Google Scholar
Kind, P. (1988), ‘Issues in the design and construction of a quality of life measure in Baldwin, S., Godfrey, C. and Propper, C., eds., The Quality of Life: Perspectives and Policies, London: Routledge, 63–71.Google Scholar
Kind, P. and Gudex, C., (1988), ‘The QALY toolkif,’ Discussion Paper, Centre for Health Economics, University of York.Google Scholar
Kind, P. and Gudex, C., (1994), ‘Measuring health status in the community: a comparison of methods’, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 48: 86–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kind, P., Rosser, R. and Williams, A. (1982), ‘The valuation of quality of life: some psychometric evidence’, in Jones-Lee, M.W., ed., The Value of Life and Safety, London: North Holland.Google Scholar
Kind, P., Dolan, P., Gudex, C. and Williams, A.H. (1994), ‘Practical and methodological issues in the development of the EuroQol: the York experience’, Advances in Medical Sociology 5: 219–253.Google Scholar
Kirigia, J.M. (1994), ‘Economics of schistosomiasis interventions: a case study of the Mwea Irrigation Scheme in Kenya’, D. Phil, thesis, University of York.Google Scholar
Kirigia, J.M. (1996), ‘Economic evaluation of Schistosomiasis Interventions: a feasibility test of the contingent valuation (WTP) approach’, Working Paper No. 16, Health Economics Unit, University of Cape Town.Google Scholar
Kirigia, J.M. and McLntyre, D. (1996), ‘Economic evaluation of Schistosomiasis Interventions: A feasibility test of the health states preference (utility) measurement approach’, Working Paper No. 18, Health Economics Unit, University of Cape Town.Google Scholar
Loomes, G. and McKenzie, L. (1989), ‘The use of QALYs in health care decision making’, Social Science and Medicine 28(4): 299–308.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mehrez, A. and Gafni, A. (1989), ‘Quality adjusted life years, utility theory, and healthy years equivalents’, Medical Decision Making 9, 142–149.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mooney, G. and Olsen, J.A. (1991), ‘QALYs: where next?’, in McGuire, A., Fen, P. and Mayhew, K., eds., Providing Health Care: the Economics System of Finance and Delivery, Oxford University Press, 120–140.Google Scholar
Murray, C.J.L. (1994), ‘Quantifying the burden of disease: the technical basis for disability-adjusted life years’, Bulletin of the World Health Organization 72(3): 429–445.Google ScholarPubMed
Murray, C.J.L. and Lopez, A.D. (1994a), ‘Global and regional cause-of-death patterns in 1990’, Bulletin of the World Health Organization 72(3): 447–480.Google ScholarPubMed
Murray, C.J.L. and Lopez, A.D. (1994b), ‘Quantifying disability: data, methods and results’, Bulletin of the World Health Organization 72(3): 481–494.Google ScholarPubMed
Murray, C.J.L., Lopez, A.D. and Jamison, D.T. (1994), ‘The global burden of disease in 1990: summary results, sensitivity analysis and future directions’, Bulletin of the World Health Organization 72(3): 495–509.Google ScholarPubMed
Parsonage, M. and Neuburger, H. (1992), ‘Discounting and health benefits’, Health Economics 1(1): 71–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Patrick, D.L., Bush, J.W. and Chen, M.M. (1973), ‘Methods for measuring levels of well-being for a health status index’, Health Services Research 8: 229–244.Google ScholarPubMed
Sackett, D.L. and Torrance, G.W. (1978), ‘The utility of different health states as perceived by the general public’, Journal of Chronic Disease 31: 697–704.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Torrance, G.W. (1986), ‘Measurement of health state utilities for economic appraisal’, Journal of Health Economics 5: 1–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Torrance, G.W., Sackett, D.L. and Thomas, W.H. (1972), ‘A utility maximization model for evaluation of health care programmes’, Health Service Research 7: 118–133.Google Scholar
Warford, J.J. (1995), ‘Environment, health, and sustainable development: the role of economic instruments and policies’, Bulletin of the World Health Organization 73(3): 387–395.Google ScholarPubMed
Williams, A. (1995), ‘The economics of coronary artery bypass grafting’, British Medical Journal 291: 326–329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, A. and Anderson, R. (1975), Efficiency in the social services, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (WHO) (1993), Women, Health and Environment: An Anthology, Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar