Since the pu blication in the Transactions of this Society of Part II. of my Contributions to Indian Craniology, I have prepared for publication descriptions of additional series of skulls, both from India itself and from countries with which the Government of India has had diplomatic relations in recent years. From the Presidency of Madras I have obtained specimens of the Tamil-speaking Southern Dravidians, of Pariahs, and the skeleton of a Badaga. I have examined and described an interesting series of the skulls of the professional stranglers or Thugs. Some additional skulls of the Veddahs of Ceylon, with one of which the other bones of the skeleton had been preserved, have also been presented to the Anatomical Museum of the University. To former pupils attached as medical officers to the expeditions to Tibet and Seistan I am indebted for skulls from those countries. Thirty-nine specimens are described in this part, and their measurements are recorded in the tables.

The experiments which form the subject of the present communication were carried out two years ago, and supplement results already published. A brief note of some of the results was read before the Society in June 1904, and was also read before the British Association Meeting at Cambridge in August of the same year.

The previous paper discussed the effect of high temperature on the relation between electrical resistance and magnetization when the wire was magnetized longitudinally, that is, in the direction in which the resistance was measured.

The present results have to do with the effect of high temperature on the relation between resistance and magnetization when the magnetization was transverse to the direction along which the resistance was measured.

The object of this paper is to discuss the recently discovered encystment of Tardigrada, as far as our imperfect knowledge permits; to compare the process with that observed in certain low groups of the Acarina, in which the Tardigrada are generally considered to have their nearest relatives; then to inquire whether these new facts throw any light on certain puzzling facts in the physiology of the Tardigrada and Acarina, such as the retrogression which produces the simplex forms of Tardigrada, and which is said to accompany each moult of the Acarina; and lastly, if they contribute anything towards settling definitely the systematic position of the Tardigrada.

(1) It is well known that if equations of the type referred to in the title be dealt with like ordinary quadrics, the eliminant obtained is marred by association with an irrelevant factor. Thus, to take the simplest case, viz.

the left-hand member of which contains the irrelevant factor |α2β2|, being readily shown to be equal to

The object of the present short paper is to draw attention to other modes of procedure, and to formulate the results for n variables.

An essential part of Pfaff's method of sloving an ordinary differential equation in 3m variables consists in obtaining what he calls his auxiliary equations.

In this paper the results of observations of the elevation of the boiling point of aqueous solutions of electrolytes are given, and a few results of observations of the depression of the freezing point, together with conductivity data obtained by observations of conductivity at about 99·4° and 0° Centigrade.

There are few organs which have engaged the attention of the topographical anatomist more than the stomach, and few which have yielded him so small a reward as the result of his labours. The changes which so rapidly set in after death through relaxation of its muscular wall, combined with the many different forms which the organ may assume during life, make the investigation one of great difficulty. Improved methods, and more especially the introduction of formalin as a hardening and preserving agent, have, however, placed the modern anatomist in a much more favourable position than his predecessor for attacking problems of this nature, and have enabled him to do justice to many views which have been more or less tentatively put forward by the earlier observers in this branch of study.

Archæologists and students of Roman Scotland have long known that somewhere in the neighbourhood of Newstead, near Melrose, lay the site of a Roman settlement.

Excavations which have recently been undertaken by the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, under the direction of Mr James Curle, F.S.A., of Priorwood, Melrose, have been successful in ascertaining, to the east of the village of Newstead, the exact position of a large fort, which occupied a commanding position within sight of the Eildon Hills.

It is well known that double ovariotomy, when performed prior to puberty, exercises a prejudicial effect not only upon the generative organs but also upon the whole organism. There is, however, some disagreement as to the results of this operation when performed after puberty, and particularly in regard to the occurrence of heat or menstruation.

It is the purpose of this paper to adduce further evidence upon this question, as well as to describe experiments the result of which indicates that the nature of the ovarian influence is chemical rather than nervous.

The material for this work was that collected and prepared by Professor J. Graham Kerr in the Chaco (Lepidosiren), and by Budgett from the Gambia (Protopterus). The process of development follows nearly the same course in the two genera, and where differences occur they are mainly such as are to be expected from a comparison of the adult skulls. While the series of stages of Lepidosiren left no unfilled gaps, the material was scantier in the case of Protopterus. Except where otherwise stated, the detailed descriptions were worked out in Lepidosiren, but whenever I was unable to verify that the process was substantially the same in the other genus, the fact has been mentioned. The stages are numbered in correspondence with the stages figured by Graham Kerr (Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc, B., vol. cxcii.). The Protopterus stages are numbered the same as the corresponding ones in the other genus. As far as possible, the nomenclature adopted by Gaupp* has been adhered to.

While engaged in investigating the Tardigrada of the Scottish Lochs, I was desirous of comparing our Tardigrade Fauna with that of other parts of the world, and it occurred to me that the then recently returned Scottish Antarctic Expedition might furnish some suitable material. On applying to Mr R. N. Rudmose Brown, in the absence of Mr Bruce, I was courteously supplied with various samples of moss which I judged likely to contain Tardigrada.

On examining this moss it was found that Tardigrada were indeed numerous in it, and although not in very great variety, some of the forms were of considerable interest.

The observations recorded in the following pages were begun upwards of four years ago. In the course of an investigation into the anatomy and physiology of the central nervous system of the monkey, it was deemed necessary, amongst other things, to note whether the lesions established had influenced the temperature of the affected limbs. On consulting the chapter on “Animal Heat” by Pembrey in Schäfer's Text-booh of Physiology, and Richet's article “Chaleur,” in the Dictionnaire de Physiologie to find what the normal temperature of the monkey was, it was discovered that very few observations on the temperature of this animal had been made. Considering the high position which the monkey occupies in the animal scale, it seemed to us that this was an omission which we might with advantage do something to remedy; we decided therefore to avail ourselves of the material at our disposal, and to record the temperature of such healthy monkeys as should come into the laboratory from time to time.

An investigation of the peat mosses in some districts of the Scottish Highlands was made in 1905, with a view of comparing the features found there with those already recorded from the Southern Uplands in 1904. The salient feature met with in the Southern districts was the existence in all the older mosses of an upper and lower forest-bed, with a zone of Arctic plants intercalated between. The existence of this Arctic plant bed, stretching at the same horizon through the peat in districts widely separated, indicates a lowering of temperature which must have obtained over much greater areas; for the conditions implied by the presence of an Arctic vegetation at low levels in the South of Scotland would suffice—precipitation being great enough—to produce glaciation in the Highlands.

The town of Ardrossan is built largely upon the 15-feet beach which to the north and south of the promontory is a well-marked terrace of sand and gravel, but on the promontory itself is represented by a rocky shelf rarely exceeding 12 feet in height. The promontory owes its origin to a great extent to the igneous rock of the Castlehill and the Inches, which has offered more resistance to marine denudation than the neighbouring sandstones. The railway to West Kilbride runs for some distance along the 50-feet beach, while the 100-feet beach is represented by an irregular accumulation of sand and gravel some distance inland.

The term intermedio-lateral tract was introduced in 1859 (Phil. Trans., 1859, p. 445) by Lockhart Clarke to designate a tract or column of nerve cells in the spinal cord, which he had previously described in 1851 (Phil. Trans., 1851, ii. p. 613) as occupying that portion of the lateral margin of the grey matter which is intermediate between the anterior and posterior cornua. According to Clarke's original account, the column in question was very transparent in appearance, and resembled somewhat the substantia gelatinosa of the posterior horn. It was found in the upper part of the lumbar enlargement, extended upwards through the dorsal region, where it distinctly increased in size, to the lower part of the cervical enlargement. Here it disappeared almost entirely. In the upper cervical region it was again seen, and could be traced upwards into the medulla oblongata, where, in the space immediately behind the central canal, it blended with its fellow of the opposite side. In the more complete account of the tract published in 1859 (p. 446), its component cells are described as in part oval, fusiform, pyriform, or triangular, and as being smaller and more uniform in size than those of the anterior cornua. In the mid-dorsal region, where they are least numerous, they are found only near the lateral margin of the grey matter, with the exception of some cells which lie among the white fibres beyond the margin of the grey substance. In the upper dorsal region the tract is larger, and not only projects further outwards into the lateral column of the white fibres, but also tapers inwards across the grey substance, almost to the front of Clarke's column. In the cervical enlargement it gradually disappears, although it seems to contain, in part at least, a few scattered cells resembling those of the intermedio-lateral tract of the dorsal region. In the upper cervical region, as already stated, it is again seen occupying a lateral horn similar to that found in the dorsal region. It is composed of the same kind of cells, and can be followed up into the medulla, where it is said to give origin to some of the fibres of the vagus and the spinal accessory.

In a Lepidosiren embryo of stage 20 (Graham Kerr) the mesoderm stretches continuously through the head and trunk regions. In the trunk the dorsal mesoderm is segmented into myotomes, but the segmentation stops short some distance behind the auditory vesicle, leaving unsegmented mesoderm in front of this. In both head and trunk the lateral plate mesoderm is still connected with the dorsal, myotomic or somatic portion.

In this communication some account is given of the various instruments used in the survey of the seiches of Loch Earn, of the methods of observing, and of the reduction of the results of observation.

In Part II., which immediately follows, Mr James Murray gives an account of the preliminary survey, of which he had charge. Later, a summary will be submitted to the Society of the results as regards the periods and nodes of the lake; and finally, an account will be rendered of the observations made in order to connect the occurrence of seiches with other atmospheric phenomena.