The following general description of the capsule, trabeculæ, and sheaths of the splenic vessels is based on the examination of the spleen of the Kitten.

The Tunica serosa consists of a single layer of somewhat thick endothelial cells, which is continuous with the peritoneal lining of the body cavity, and in addition of a thin layer of very finely fibrillated connective tissue that lies immediately subjacent to the endothelial layer.

The Tunica propria differs from a true capsule in that it blends along its whole under surface with the splenic parenchyma, from which it cannot be detached without tearing the splenic substance.

In the report on Oceanic Circulation, based on the observations made on board H.M.S. “Challenger,” and other observations, which was published in the beginning of 1895 as an Appendix in the Summary of Results, Second Part Challenger Reports, the specific gravities dealt with were all at the standard temperature of 60° Fahr., the standard density being that of distilled water at 39°·2 (4° C). By this method of treatment the question of the salinity or saltness of the water is approximately stated, unquestionably one of the most important questions affecting the physics of the ocean. But the movement of the water, or oceanic circulation, as resulting from different densities, can only be represented by stating, not the specific gravity reduced to the uniform temperature of 60°, but the specific gravity at the observed temperature at all points in the ocean at which observations are made. In this paper these specific gravities are viewed in their relations to the circulation of the waters of the ocean.

During her famous circumnavigation of the world, H.M.S. Challenger left the Cape of Good Hope on the 17th December 1873, and, proceeding in a south-easterly direction, visited in succession Prince Edward and Marion Islands, the Crozet Islands, Kerguelen Island, and Heard Island. From Heard Island the Expedition sailed southward, and on the 16th February 1874 passed ten miles beyond the Antarctic Circle in longitude 78° 22′ E., the ship being at this time surrounded by a large number of huge tabular icebergs, some of them four miles in length, and all with perpendicular sides rising about 200 feet above the sea-level. From this most southerly point the Challenger took a north-easterly course towards Melbourne in Australia, where she arrived on the 17th March 1874.

The case under consideration was brought to my notice while I was attempting to arrange a colour match by the well-known disc method. The colour was somewhat like lilac, though rather more red. A number of onlookers—including the gentleman whom I afterwards found to be colour-blind, and whom I shall in this paper denote as Mr A.—pronounced the match fairly satisfactory. Mr A. subsequently remarked to me that he sometimes had a difficulty in distinguishing greens and blues. He said, also, that he had, though much less frequently, a difficulty with reds. This condition is so abnormal that I at once handed him a direct vision spectroscope and asked him to name the colours which he saw in succession from one end of the spectrum to the other. He said that red was the first. “And after the red?” I asked; “green,” he said: “and after the green?”; “blue.” And when asked what followed the blue, he said that the rest of the spectrum was blue throughout the whole extent. When asked if he saw white light between the red and green colours, he was very undecided, but said that he did not think he would call it white—it might be yellow.