^{page 197 note *} A preliminary account of this animal, illustrated by a number of specimens, photographs, and drawings, was read to the Society on the 20th December 1869, and an abstract of this communication was printed in the Proceedings of that date. By permission of the Council I have been allowed to supplement the preliminary notice with additional observations, and to extend it in a form for the Transactions of the Society.

^{page 200 note *} The extreme ends, probably one foot from each lobe, had unfortunately been cut away before the measurement was taken.

^{page 202 note *} In the 2d vol. of Dr Scoresby's Account of the Arctic Regions, p. 531, it is stated, on the authority of Captain Day, that amongst the whales pursued by the southern whale-fishers is one called “sulphur bottom,” a species of Fin whale of great length and swiftness. Can it be that sulphur bottom is a corruption of silver bottom ? and that this whale frequents both the northern and southern oceans?

^{page 203 note *} Proc. Zoological Society, Nov. 8, 1864.Google Scholar

^{page 205 note *} Bulletins, vol. xx. 2d series, No. 12.

^{page 209 note *} Account of the Arctic Regions. I., 470.

^{page 209 note †} Memoir translated for the Ray Society, p. 10.

^{page 209 note ‡} I am indebted for information regarding this whale in part to Mr J. Walker of Maryfield House, Bressay, and in part to Mr Coughtrey. The latter gentleman has just returned from a visit to the Shetland Isles, and when there not only collected at my request various interesting facts about this animal, but also procured for me a number of its bones.

^{page 209 note §} Dr Knox (Catalogue of Anatomical Preparations of the Whale, Edinburgh, 1838) points out the thinness of the cuticle in the species of the great northern Rorqual which he dissected; nowhere, he says, did it exceed ths of an inch. He compares it with the B. mysticetus, and shows how in the one there are conjoined thin cuticle and short baleen, in the other thick cuticle and long baleen.

^{page 210 note *} In the Anatomical Museum of the University of Edinburgh are several specimens (161 to 164) prepared upwards of twenty years ago by the late Professor Goodsir, one from the B. mysticetius, three from a “Rorqual,” probably the Balœnoptera musculus, which give most illustrative views of the filiform papillæ of those animals.

^{page 212 note *} Structure and Economy of Whales. Phil. Trans. 1787.Google Scholar

^{page 212 note †} Eschricht and Reinhardt. I have also seen this in two specimens of Balmnoptera rostrata.

^{page 213 note *} Although the rows of plates were counted without difficulty in the greater part of the wreath, yet at the posterior end, and at the front, of the mouth the exact enumeration was attended with considerable difficulty, owing to the bristle-like baleen being arranged in less definite rows than were the blades of this substance.

^{page 217 note *} As confirmatory evidence of this fluid being blood, I may state that I requested my friend, Dr Arthur Gamgee, to apply the chemical test for blood. He found that the fluid gave with guaiacum and peroxyde of hydrogen the characteristic greenish-blue colour of hæmoglobin.

^{page 217 note †} Ann. des Sc. Naturelles, 2 Sér. t. v.

^{page 217 note ‡} Abhand. der Akad. der Wissensch. zu Berlin, 1829, p. 127.Google Scholar

^{page 217 note §} Catalogue, op. cit.

^{page 217 note ∥} Odontography, p. 312.

^{page 217 note ¶} Ray Society's Translation, op. cit.

^{page 217 note **} Proc. Zool. Soc., 1865, Nov. 28.Google Scholar

^{page 217 note ††} Monographie Illustrée du Baleinoptère, Stockholm, 1867.Google Scholar

^{page 222 note *} Annales du Museum. Vol. x. p. 364.

^{page 222 note †} Catalogue, op. cit. p. 22. Knox's preparations are in the Anatomical Museum of the University of Edinburgh.

^{page 222 note ‡} Die Nordischen Wallthiere, 1848.

^{page 223 note *} Philosophical Transactions, 1868, p. 232.Google Scholar

^{page 226 note *} Journal of Anatomy and Physiology. Vol ii. p. 73.Google Scholar

^{page 228 note *} Proc. Zool. Soc., Feb. 14, 1865.Google Scholar

^{page 230 note *} Catalogue, p. 18.

^{page 230 note †} Die Nordischen Wallthiere, p. 104.

^{page 230 note ‡} Philosophical Transactions, 1867, p. 245.Google Scholar

^{page 231 note *} British and Foreign Medico-Chinirgical Review, October 1862, p. 479Google Scholar, and Journal of Anatomy and Physiology. Vol. ii. p. 66.Google Scholar

^{page 234 note *} My colleague, the Professor of Engineering, Professor Fleeming Jenkin, to whom I pointed out the structure of this tube, concurs in the opinion of its function expressed in the text.

^{page 234 note †} The mesenteric rete in the pig has long been known to anatomists—see Barclay, on the Arteries, Edinburgh, 1812Google Scholar; Aitki, T. J. in Reports of Edinburgh Meeting of British Association, 1834, p. 681Google Scholar; Owen, , Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates, vol. iii.Google Scholar; Gurlt, , Anatomie der Haussaugethiere, Berlin, 1860Google Scholar. The complexity of the rete in the pig is due to the plexiform arrangement of both the mesenteric vein and artery.

^{page 236 note *} Die Nordischen Wallthiere, p. 148, Ray Society's translation of Memoir on Greenland Whale, p. 103

^{page 237 note *} The other laryngeal cartilages were so much injured during their removal from the adolescent whale, that I was unable to examine them satisfactorily. I may, however, refer to their great size and thickness, more especially of the cricoid and body of the arytenoid. The cartilage was traversed in various directions by very distinct vascular canals.

^{page 239 note *} Structure and Economy of Whales.

^{page 239 note †} Nieuwe Verhand. van Wetensch. te Amsterdam, 1831.

^{page 239 note ‡} Catalogue, pp. 11, 17, 23.

^{page 239 note §} Die Nordischen Wallthiere, p. 103, e. s.

^{page 239 note ∥} Op. cit., p. 236, e. s.

^{page 240 note *} Dr Martyn, in a paper published in the Proc. Roy. Soc, London, 1857, ascribed the supposed absence of the voice in the cetacea to the absence of a thyroid gland; but as I pointed out in a memoir published, in 1860, in the Transactions of this Society, a thyroid gland exists both in Phocæna and Delphinus.

^{page 240 note †} Whilst this memoir is passing through the press, Dr Murie has published in the “Journal of Anatomy and Physiology,” November 1870, an interesting paper on Grampus rissoanus, in which he points out that a laryngeal sac of moderate capacity exists in the toothed whales in the angle of junction between the enlarged epiglottis and the thyroid cartilage. He also describes a pair of folds within the larynx of Risso's grampus, which he regards as representatives of the vocal cords.

^{page 241 note *} I have described and figured the innominate bones and the sternum in the “Journal of Anatomy and Physiology,” May 1870.Google Scholar

^{page 242 note *} Phalainologia nova. Edinburgh, 1692.Google Scholar

^{page 243 note *} Eschricht, “Die Nordischen Wallthiere.” Van Benbden and Gervais, “Ostéographie des Cétacés,” p. 188. Dr Gray in his Catalogue says, probably it may belong to this species.

^{page 243 note †} Proc. Zool. Soc., Feb. 14, 1865.Google Scholar

^{page 243 note ‡} Idem., Nov. 28, 1865.

^{page 243 note §} Idem., Dec. 9, 1869.

^{page 244 note *} Proc. Zool. Soc. 1856.

^{page 244 note †} Catalogue, p. 158.

^{page 244 note ‡} The notices of this animal which I have read, and from which the above statements are drawn, are by Breda, M. Van in Cuvier's “Hist. Nat. des Cétacés,” p. 328Google Scholar; by Eschricht, in “Die Nordischen Wallthiere,” p. 176Google Scholar; by Lilljeborg in the Memoir translated for the Ray Society, p. 262; by Dr Gray in his “Catalogue of Seals and Whales ;” and by Dubar in his “Ostéographie de la Baleine.” For the opportunity of consulting Dubar's scarce pamphlet, I am indebted to my colleague Professor Kelland.

^{page 245 note *} Abstract of a paper on the “Anatomy of the Rorqual (a Whalebone Whale of the largest magnitude),” by DrKnox, Robert (Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin., March 18, 1833)Google Scholar. “Account of the Gigantic Whale or Rorqual, the Skeleton of which is now exhibiting in the great rooms of the Royal Institution, Princes Street,” by Frederick John Knox, surgeon, Edinburgh, 1835. “Catalogue of Anatomical preparations llustrative of the Whale, particularly the Great Northern Rorqual,” by F. J. Knox, Edinburgh, 1838. Although the name of Mr Frederick Knox is attached to the catalogue, yet it would appear that the best part of it was from the pen of Dr Knox (“Life of Knox,” by Dr Lonsdale, p. 168). For the opportunity of consulting this scarce and valuable catalogue, to which I have referred on various occasions in the text, I beg to express my acknowledgments to my friend Dr John Alexander Smith. The skeleton of this animal is figured in Jardine's, “Naturalist's Library,” vol. vi., Edinburgh, 1837.Google Scholar

^{page 245 note †} The Gravesend B. musculus was only 11 feet 1 inch between the points of the tail. The Pevensey Razor-back, about 13 feet; the Langston harbour specimen 11 feet. In the Pevensey whale the distance from the end of the tail to the middle of the anal aperture was 17 feet 9 inches.

^{page 245 note ‡} Proceedings, Part xv. p. 117.

^{page 246 note *} Dr Gray, “Catalogue of Seals and Whales,” p. 144; Van Beneden and Gervais, “Ostéographie,” p. 172 ; and various other writers on the cetacea.

^{page 246 note †} Proc. Zoological Soc, June 8th.

^{page 246 note ‡} Idem, Nov. 8, 1864, and June 13, 1865.

^{page 246 note §} This skeleton has since been acquired by the British Museum.

^{page 247 note *} Appendix to Catalogue of Seals and Whales, p. 380.

^{page 246 note †} Vidensk. Meddelelser fraden Naturhist, Forening i Kjöbenhavn, 1867. Translated in “Annals of Nat. Hist.,” November 1868.

^{page 246 note ‡} Although the end of the dorsal fin had been removed from the adolescent Longniddry whale before my measurements were taken, yet sufficient had been left to show that this fin had been more than 12 inches high. Consequently, I do not think that the shortness of the dorsal fin is so definite a character as Reinhardt supposes.

^{page 248 note *} “Monographie illustrée du Baleinoptère,” Stockholm, 1867. For the opportunity of consulting this work, three copies only of which are, I believe, in this country, I am indebted to my friend, Mr J. W. Clark, of Cambridge.

^{page 248 note †} Proc. Zool. Soc., March 12, 1868.Google Scholar

^{page 248 note ‡} Memoir, cited above.