Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T16:59:58.525Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Calymenid trilobites from the Wenlock Series (Silurian) of Britain

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 November 2011

Derek J. Siveter
Affiliation:
Derek J. Siveter, Geological Collections, University Museum, Oxford OX1 3PW, UK.

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Most species of calymenid trilobite from the Wenlock Series of Britain are revised. In total, British trilobites of this family and epoch comprise nine species and three genera, with a further six species being referred to under open nomenclature: Calymene is represented by five species, Tapinocalymene by three and Diacalymene by one. One new subspecies, C. neotuberculata ludicra, and one new species, C. fuliginata, from the lower and upper Wenlock, respectively, are established. The previously monotypic D. allportiana (Salter, 1865) is now known from about 50 specimens. The upper Wenlock Much Wenlock Limestone Formation yields five species, the most for any formation. Calymene occurs mostly in the shallower water facies on the western edge of the Midland Platform and eastern and southern margins of the Welsh Basin, Tapinocalymene essentially in the more offshore carbonate muds of this basin and D. allportiana on the fringe of the Midland Platform and more offshore carbonate muds. British Wenlock calymenids show some affinity with those of the Scandinavia-Baltic area. C. tuberculosa Dalman, 1827 is recorded with certainty in situ outside Gotland for the first time.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Angelin, N. P. 1854. Palaeontologia Scandinavica 1: Crustacea formationis transitions, Fasc. 2, 2192. Lund: Ohlsson.Google Scholar
Baily, W. H. 1875. Figures of Characteristic British Fossils: (Palaeozoic Division), With Descriptive Remarks. London: Van Voorst.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balashova, E. A. 1975. Trilobity kitaygorodskogo gorizonta Podolii. In Balashov, Z. G., Volgin, V. N. & Krymgolts, G. Ya. (eds) Fauna pogranitsnykh ordoviksko–siluriyskikh otlozheiniy Podolii (The faunas of the Ordovician–Silurian boundary beds of Podolia). VOPR PALEONTOL 7, 102-12, 117-23, 176–9 [in Russian].Google Scholar
Barrande, J. 1846. Notice préliminaire sur le systême Silurian et les trilobites de Bohême. Leipsic: Hirschfeld.Google Scholar
Bassett, M. G. 1974. Review of the stratigraphy of the Wenlock Series in the Welsh Borderland and South Wales. PALAEONTOLOGY 17, 745–77.Google Scholar
Bassett, M. G. 1976. A critique of diachronism, community distribution and correlation at the Wenlock–Ludlow boundary. LETHAIA 9, 207–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brongniart, A. 1822. Les trilobites. In Brongniart, A. & Desmarest, A.-G.Histoire naturelle des Crustacés fossiles, sous les rapports zoologique et gélogique, 165. Paris: Levrault.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruton, D. L., Jaanusson, V., Owens, R. M., Siveter, D. J. & Tripp, R. 1979. Trilobites. In Jaanusson, V., Laufeld, S. & Skoglund, R. (eds) Lower Wenlock Faunal and Floral Dynamics—Vattenfallet Section, Gotland. SVER GEOL UNDERS C 762, 116–20.Google Scholar
Butler, A. J. 1939. The stratigraphy of the Wenlock Limestone of Dudley. Q J GEOL SOC LONDON 95, 3774.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, K. S. W. 1967. Trilobites of the Henryhouse Formation (Silurian) in Oklahoma. OKLAHOMA GEOL SURV BULL 115, 168.Google Scholar
Clarkson, E. N. K. & Howells, Y. 1981. Upper Llandovery trilobites from the Pentland Hills, Scotland. PALAEONTOLOGY 24, 507–36.Google Scholar
Cocks, L. R. M, Holland, C. H. & Rickards, R. B. 1992. A revised correlation of Silurian rocks in the British Isles. GEOL SOC LONDON SPEC REP 21, 132.Google Scholar
Cooper, G. A. 1930. Part II. New species from the upper Ordovician of Percé. In Schuchert, C. & Cooper, G. A.Upper Ordovician and Lower Devonian Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Percé, Québec. AM J SCI 20, 365–92.Google Scholar
Cuvier, G. L. C. F. D. 1844. Le Règne animal distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base à l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée, par Georges Cuvier. Edition accompagnée de planches gravées representant les types de tout les genres, les charactères distinctifs des divers groups et les modifications de structure sur lesquelles repose cette classification; par une réunion de disciples de Cuvier. Les Crustacés avec un atlas par H. Milne Edwards. Paris: Fortin, Masson.Google Scholar
Dalman, J. W. 1827. Om palaeaderna, eller de så kallade trilobiterna. K SVENSKA VETENSK-AKAD HANDL (for 1826), 113-52, 226–94.Google Scholar
Desmarest, A.-G. 1817. Crustacés fossiles. In Biot, J. B. et al. Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle, Vol. 8, 495519. Paris: Detterville.Google Scholar
Edgecombe, G. D. & Adrain, J. M. 1995. Silurian calymenid trilobites from the United States. PALAEONTOGRAPHICA A235, 119.Google Scholar
Etheridge, R. 1888. Fossils of the British Islands stratigraphically and zoologically arranged, Vol. 1, Palaeozoic (Cambrian, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, & Permian species). Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Foerste, A. F. 1923. Notes on Medinan, Niagaran and Chester fossils. BULL SCI LAB DENISON UNIV 20, 37120.Google Scholar
Haas, W. 1968. Trilobiten aus dem Silur und Devon von Bithynien (NW-Türkei). PALAEONTOGRAPHICA A130, 60207.Google Scholar
Hede, J. E. 1960. The Silurian of Gotland. In Regnéll, G. & Hede, J. E.The Lower Palaeozoic of Scania; the Silurian of Gotland. 21st International Geological Congress, Norden, Guide to Excursions A22 and C17, 4489. Stockholm: Geological Survey of Sweden.Google Scholar
Helbert, G. J., Lane, P. D., Owens, R. M., Siveter, D. J. & Thomas, A. T. 1982. Lower Silurian trilobites from the Oslo Region. In Worsley, D. (ed.) I.U.G.S. Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy. Field Meeting, Oslo Region, 1982. PALEONTOL CONTRIB UNIV OSLO 278, 129–48.Google Scholar
Holland, C. H. 1992. Wenlock. In Cope, J. C. W., Ingham, J. K. & Rawson, P. F. (eds) Atlas of Palaeogeography and Lithofacies. GEOL SOC LONDON MEM 13, 40-3, 50, 53.Google Scholar
Hollo way, D. J. 1980. Middle Silurian trilobites from Arkansas and Oklahoma, U.S.A. PALAEONTOGRAPHICA A170, 185.Google Scholar
Howells, Y. 1982. Scottish Silurian trilobites. PALAEONTOGR SOC MONOGR 561, 176.Google Scholar
Ingham, J. K. 1977. A monograph of the upper Ordovician trilobites from the Cautley and Dent districts of Westmorland and Yorkshire. PALAEONTOGR SOC MONOGR (3) 546, 89121.Google Scholar
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) 1985. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 3rd edn, 1338. London: International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature.Google Scholar
Kegel, G. J. 1927. Über obersilurische trilobiten aus dem Harz und dem Rheinischen Schiefergebirge. JAHRB PREUSS GEOL LANDESANST BERGAKAD 48, 616–47.Google Scholar
Kemp, A. E. S. & White, D. E. 1985. Silurian trench sedimentation in the Southern Uplands, Scotland: implications of new age data. GEOL MAG 122, 275–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lane, P. D. & Siveter, D. J. 1991. A Silurian trilobite fauna dominated by Calymene from Kap Tyson, Hall Land, western North Greenland. RAPP GRØNLANDS GEOL UNDERS 150, 514.Google Scholar
La Touche, J. D. 1884. A Hand-book of the Geology of Shropshire. London: Stanford.Google Scholar
Lindström, G. 1885. Förteckning på Gotlands Siluriska Crustacéer. ÖFVERS K VETENSK-AKAD FORH STOCKHOLM 6, 37100.Google Scholar
Männil, R. 1977. East Baltic Lower Silurian Calymenidae (Trilobita). In: Kaljo, D. (ed.) Fades and Fauna of the Baltic Silurian. AKAD NAUK EST SSR INST GEOL TALLIN, 240-58 [in Russian with English and Estonian summaries].Google Scholar
Männil, R. 1982a. Wenlock and late Silurian trilobite associations of the East Baltic area and their stratigraphical value. In Kaljo, D. & Klaamann, E. (eds) Ecostratigraphy of the East Baltic Silurian. AKAD NAUK EST SSR INST GEOL TALLIN, 6370 [in English with Russian summary].Google Scholar
Männil, R. 1982b. Trilobite communities (Wenlock, East Baltic). In Kaljo, D. & Klaamann, E. (eds) Communities and Biozones in the Baltic Silurian. AKAD NAUK EST SSR INST GEOL TALLIN, 5162 [in Russian].Google Scholar
Männil, R. 1986. Distribution of trilobites in different facies of the East Baltic Silurian. In Kaljo, D. & Klaamann, E. (eds) Theory and Practice of Ecostratigraphy. ADAK NAUK EST SSR INST GEOL TALLIN, 99-109, 271 [in Russian with English summary].Google Scholar
Männil, R. 1990. Silurian trilobites. In Kaljo, D. & Nestor, H. (eds) Field Meeting Estonia 1990: an Excursion Guidebook, 74767. Tallin: Institute of Geology, Estonian Academy of Sciences.Google Scholar
Marsh, R. C. 1976. Silurian stratigraphy and mineralogy in the Welsh Borderlands and South Central Wales. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of Leicester.Google Scholar
McLearn, F. H. 1924. Palaeontology of the Silurian rocks of Arisaig, Nova Scotia. MEM GEOL SURV CAN 137.Google Scholar
McNamara, K. J. 1979. Trilobites from the Coniston Limestone Group (Ashgill Series) of the Lake District, England. PALAEONTOLOGY 22, 5392.Google Scholar
Milne Edwards, H. 1840. Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, comprenant l'anatomie, la physiologie et la classification de ces animaux. Vol. 3. Paris: Roret.Google Scholar
Morris, S. F. 1988. A review of British trilobites, including a synoptic revision of Salter's monograph. PALAEONTOGR SOC MONOGR 574.Google Scholar
Murchison, R. I. 1839. The Silurian System, Founded on Geological Researches in the Counties of Salop, Hereford, Radnor, Montgomery, Caermarthen, Brecon, Pembroke, Monmouth, Gloucester, Worcester, and Stafford; with Descriptions of the Coalfields and Overlying Formations. London: Murray.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murchison, R. I. 1854. Siluria. The History of the Oldest Fossiliferous Rocks and their Foundations, with a Brief Sketch of the Distribution of Gold over the Earth. London: Murray.Google Scholar
Neben, W. & Kreuger, H. H. 1979. Fossilien kambrischer, ordovizischer und silurischer Geschiebe. STARINGIA 5, 163.Google Scholar
Peach, B. N. & Horne, J. 1899. The Silurian Rocks of Britain, vol. 1, Scotland. MEM. GEOL SURV UK.Google Scholar
Prestwich, J. 1888. Geology, Chemical, Physical and Stratigraphical, vol. 2, Stratigraphical and Physical. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Ramsköld, L., Adrain, J. M., Edgecombe, G. D. & Siveter, D. J. 1994. The Silurian calymenid trilobite Alcymene n. gen., with new species from the Ludlow of Gotland, Sweden. J PALEONTOL 68, 556–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raymond, P. E. 1916. New and old Silurian trilobites from southeastern Wisconsin, with notes on the genera of the Illaenidae. BULL MUS COMP ZOOL HARVARD 60, 141.Google Scholar
Reyment, R. A. 1980. The material of J. W. Dalman (1827) and N. P. Angelin (1854), and a note on the collection of insects and fishes in the Mo-clay deposits, northern Denmark, in the Palaeontological Museum of the University of Uppsala. ILLUS CAT TYPE COLLECT PALAEONTOL MUS UPPSALA (De Rebus in Palaeontologico Museo Upsaliensi Collectis) 4, 19.Google Scholar
Reed, F. R. C. 1906. The Lower Palaeozoic trilobites of the Girvan district, Ayrshire. PALAEONTOGR SOC MONOGR (3) 286, 97186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richter, R. & Richter, E. 1954. Die trilobiten des Ebbe–Sattels. ABH SENCKENB NATURFORSCH GES 488, 176.Google Scholar
Salter, J. W. 1848. Crustacea. In Phillips, J. & Salter, J. W.Palaeontological Appendix to Professor John Phillips' Memoir on the Malvern Hills, Compared with the Palaeozoic Districts of Abberley etc. MEM GEOL SURV UK 2, 333–52.Google Scholar
Salter, J. W. 1865. A monograph of the British trilobites from the Cambrian, Silurian and Devonian formations. PALAEONTOGR SOC MONOGR (2) 72, 81128.Google Scholar
Schlotheim, E. F. 1820. Die Petrefactenkunde auf ihrem jetzigen Standpunkte durch die Beschreibung seiner Sammlung versteinerter und fossiler Überreste des Thierund Pflanzenreichs der Vorwek erläutert. Becker, Gotha.Google Scholar
Schrank, E. 1970a. Calymeniden (Trilobita) aus Silurischen Geschieben. BER DTSCH GESELL GEOL WISS (A), GEOL PALÄONTOL 15, 109–46.Google Scholar
Schrank, E. 1970b. Die Trilobiten des Silurs der Bohrung Leba 1 (Osteeküste der VR Polen). BER DTSCH GESELL GEOL WISS (A), GEOL PALÄONT 15, 573–86.Google Scholar
Shirley, J. 1933. A redescription of the known British Silurian species of Calymene (s.l.). MEM PROC MANCHESTER LIT PHIL SOC 75, 133.Google Scholar
Shirley, J. 1936. Some British trilobites of the family Calymenidae. Q J GEOL SOC LONDON 92, 384422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siveter, D. J. 1977. The middle Ordovician of the Oslo Region, Norway, 17. Trilobites of the family Calymenidae. NORSK GEOL TIDSSKR 56 (for 1976), 335–96.Google Scholar
Siveter, D. J. 1980. Evolution of the Silurian trilobite Tapinocalymene from the Wenlock of the Welsh Borderlands. PALAEONTOLOGY 23, 783802.Google Scholar
Siveter, D. J. 1983. Calymene lawsoni and allied species from the Silurian of Britain and their stratigraphic significance. In Briggs, D. E. G. & Lane, P. D. (eds) Trilobites and Other Early–Arthropods: Papers in Honour of Professor H. B. Whittington, F.R.S. SPEC PAP PALAEONTOL 30, 6988.Google Scholar
Siveter, D. J. 1986. The type species of Calvmene (Trilobita) from the Silurian of Dudley, England. PALAEONTOLOGY 28 (for 1985), 783–92.Google Scholar
Siveter, D. J. 1989. Silurian trilobites from the Annascaul inlier. Dingle Peninsula, Ireland. PALAEONTOLOGY 32, 109–61.Google Scholar
Siveter, D. J. 1990. Photography. In Briggs, D. E. G. & Crowther, P. R. (eds) Palaeobiology: a Synthesis, 505–8. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific.Google Scholar
Siveter, D. J. & Chatterton, B. D. E. 1996. Silicified calymenid trilobites from the Mackenzie Mountains, northwest Canada. PALAEONTOGRAPHICA A239, 4360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siveter, D. J., Owens, R. M. & Thomas, A. T. 1989. Silurian field excursions: a geotraverse across Wales and the Welsh Borderland. NAT MUS WALES GEOL SER 10, 1133.Google Scholar
Smith, J. D. D. 1989. The Silurian System by R. I. Murchison; a catalogue of the fossils illustrated in part 2. BR GEOL SURV RES REP SH/89/1.Google Scholar
Swartz, C. K. & Prouty, W. F. 1923. Trilobita. In Swartz, C. K., Prouty, W. F., Ulrich, E. O. & Bassler, R. S.Systematic Paleontology of Silurian Deposits. MARYLAND GEOL SURV, SILURIAN 704–15.Google Scholar
Temple, J. T. 1975. Early Llandovery trilobites from Wales with notes on British Llandovery calymenids. PALAEONTOLOGY 18, 137–59.Google Scholar
Thomas, A. T. 1980. Trilobite associations in the British Wenlock. In Harris, A. L., Holland, C. H. & Leake, B. E. (eds) The Caledonides of the British Isles—Reviewed. GEOL SOC LONDON SPEC PUBL 8, 447–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, A. T., Owens, R. M. & Rushton, A. W. A. 1984. Trilobites in British stratigraphy. GEOL SOC LONDON SPEC REP 16, 178.Google Scholar
Tomczykowa, E. 1970. Silurian Spathacalymene Tillman, 1960 (Trilobita) of Poland. ACTA PALAEONTOL POL 15, 6394.Google Scholar
Twenhofel, W. H. 1928. Geology of Anticosti Island. MEM GEOL SURV CAN 154.Google Scholar
Warren, P. T., Price, D., Nutt, M. J. C. & Smith, E. G. 1984. Geology of the country around Rhyl and Denbigh. MEM BR GEOL SURV. for sheets 95 and 107.Google Scholar
Whitaker, J. H. McD. 1994. Silurian basin slope sedimentation and mass movement in the Wigmore Rolls area, central Welsh Borderland. J GEOL SOC LONDON 151, 2740.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whittington, H. B. 1971. Silurian calymenid trilobites from the United States, Norway, and Sweden. PALAEONTOLOGY 14, 455–77.Google Scholar
Woodward, H. 1868. On a newly-discovered long-eyed Calymene from the Wenlock Limestone, Dudley. GEOL MAG 6, 43–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar