Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T18:56:53.617Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Role of aggression, rejection, and attributions in the prediction of depression in children

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 October 2008

William F. Panak  and
Judy Garber
William F. Panak*
Affiliation:
Indiana University Medical Center
Judy Garber*
Affiliation:
Vanderbilt University
*
Send reprint requests to: William Panak or Judy Garber, Box 512 Peabody, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37203.
Send reprint requests to: William Panak or Judy Garber, Box 512 Peabody, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37203.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Concurrent and predictive relations among aggression, peer rejection, and self-reported depressive symptoms were examined in 521 third-, fourth-, and fifth-grade children at three time points over 1 year. Increases in aggression were significantly associated with increases in depression, and this relation was mediated, in part, through increases in peer rejection. The relation between peer-reported rejection and depression was mediated by perceived rejection. Finally, we found support for the cognitive diathesis-stress model of depression in children. Controlling for initial levels of depression and peer rejection, the interaction between stress (increases in peer rejection) and a depressogenic attributional style contributed significantly to the prediction of self-reported depressive symptoms 1 year later.

Type
Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 4 , Issue 1 , January 1992 , pp. 145 - 165
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. I., & Alloy, L. B. (1989). Hopelessness depression: A theory-based subtype of depression. Psychological Review, 96, 358–372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abramson, L. Y., Seligman, M. E. P., & Teasdale, J. D. (1978). Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87, 49–74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Achenbach, T. M., & Edelbrock, C. S. (1986). Manual for the Teacher's Report Form and Teacher Version of the Child Behavior Profile. Burlington: Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont.Google Scholar
Achenbach, T. M., McConaughy, S. H., & Howell, C. T. (1987). Child/adolescent behavioral and emotional problems: Implications of crossinformant correlations for situational specificity. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 213–232.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Asarnow, J. R., Carlson, G. A., & Guthrie, D. (1987). Coping strategies, self-perception, hopelessness, and perceived family environments in depressed and suicidal children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 361–366.Google Scholar
Azar, S. T. (1989, 08). The social relationships of adolescents with depressed symptomatology. Presented at the annual conference of the American Psychological Association,New Orleans, LA.Google Scholar
Barden, R. C., Garber, J., Leiman, B., Ford, M. E., & Masters, J. C. (1985). Factors governing the effective remediation of negative affect and its cognitive and behavioral consequences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 1040–1053.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression: Clinical, experimental, and theoretical aspects. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Beck, A. T. (1976). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. New York: International Universities Press.Google Scholar
Beck, A. T., Ward, C., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561–571.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Becker, J. (1979). Vulnerable self-esteem as a predisposing factor in depressive disorders. In Depue, R. E. (Ed.), The psychobiology of the depressive disorders: Implicationsfor the effects of stress (pp. 317–334). New York: Academic.Google Scholar
Berman, J. S., & Kenny, D. A. (1976). Correlational bias in observer ratings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 263–273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bibring, E. (1953). Mechanisms in depression. In Greenacre, P. (Ed.), Affective disorders: Psychoanalytic contributions to their study. New York: International Universities Press.Google Scholar
Blechman, E. A., Tinsley, B., Carella, E. T., & McEnroe, M. J. (1985). Childhood competence and behavior problems. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 94, 70–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boiven, M., & Begin, G. (1989). Peer status and selfperceptions among early elementary school children: The case of the rejected children. Child Development, 60, 591–696.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bukowski, W. M., & Newcomb, A. F. (1984). Stability and determinants of sociometric status and friendship choice: A longitudinal perspective. Developmental Psychology, 20, 941–952.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cantrell, V. L., & Prinz, R. J. (1985). Multiple perspective of rejected, neglected, and accepted children: Relation between sociometric status and behavioral characteristics. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 53, 884–889.Google Scholar
Carey, M. P., Faulstich, M. E., Gresham, F. M., Ruggiero, L., & Enyart, P. (1987). Children's Depression Inventory: Construct and discriminant validity across clinical and nonreferred (control) populations. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 755–761.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carlson, C. L., Lahey, B. L., & Neeper, R. (1984). Peer assessment of the social behavior of accepted, rejected, and neglected children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 12, 189–198.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carlson, G. A., & Cantwell, D. P. (1980). Unmasking masked depression in children and adolescents. American Journal of Psychiatry, 137, 445–449.Google ScholarPubMed
Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1983). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Coie, J. D., & Dodge, K. A. (1983). Continuity of children's social status: A five year longitudinal study. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 29, 261–282.Google Scholar
Coie, J. D., Dodge, K. A., & Coppotelli, H. (1982). Dimensions and types of social status: A cross-age perspective. Developmental Psychology, 18, 557–570.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coie, J. D., & Kupersmidt, J. B. (1983). A behavioral analysis of emerging social status in boys' groups. Child Development, 54, 1400–1416.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cole, D. A. (1990). Relation of social and academic competence to depressive symptoms in childhood. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99, 422–429.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cole, D. A. (1991). Changes in self-perceived competence as a function of peer and teacher evaluation. Developmental Psychology, 27, 682–688.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cole, D. A., & Carpentieri, S. (1990). Social status and the comorbidity of child depression and conduct disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 748–757.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cooley, C. H. (1902). Human nature and the social order. New York: Scribner.Google Scholar
Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrica, 16, 297–334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dodge, K. A. (1980). Social cognition and children's aggressive behavior. Child Development, 51, 162–170.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dodge, K. A. (1983). Behavioral antecedents of peer social status. Child Development, 54, 1386–1399.Google Scholar
Dodge, K. A., & Frame, C. M. (1982). Social cognitive biases and deficits in aggressive boys. Child Development, 53, 620–635.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dodge, K. A., & Newman, J. P. (1981). Biased decision-making processes in aggressive boys. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 90, 375–379.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferholt, J. B., Rotnem, D. L., Genel, M., Leonard, M., Carey, M., & Hunter, D. E. K. (1985). A psychodynamic study of psychosomatic dwarfism: A syndrome of depression, personality disorder, and impaired growth. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 24, 49–57.Google Scholar
Garber, J. (1984). The developmental progression of depression in female children. In Cicchetti, D. & Schneider-Rosen, K. (Eds.), Developmental approaches to childhood depression: A special edition of New Directions for Child Development (pp. 29–58). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Garber, J., Quiggle, N. L., Panak, W. F., & Dodge, K. A. (1991). Aggression and depression in children: Comorbidity, specificity, and social cognitive processing. In Cicchetti, D. & Toth, S. (Eds.), Rochester Symposium on Developmental Psychopathology, Vol. 2: Internalizing and externalizing expressions of dysfunction (pp. 225–264). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Guilford, J. P. (1954). Psychometric methods (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Hammen, C. (1988). Self-cognitions, stressful events, and the prediction of depression in children of depressed mothers. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 16, 347–360.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hammen, C., Adrian, C., & Hiroto, D. (1988). A longitudinal test of the attributional vulnerability model in children at risk for depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 27, 37–46.Google Scholar
Hammen, C., Marks, T., Mayol, A., & DeMayo, R. (1985). Depressive self-schemas, life stress, and vulnerability to depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 94, 308–319.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harter, S. (1985). Manual for the Self-Perceptions Profile for Children. Denver, CO: University of Denver.Google Scholar
Kaslow, N. J., Rehm, L. P., & Siegel, A. W. (1984). Social-cognitive and cognitive correlates of depression in children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 12, 605–620.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kazdin, A. E. (1981). Assessment techniques for childhood depression: A critical appraisal. Journal of the A merican A cademy of Child Psychiatry, 20, 358–375.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kazdin, A. E., & Petti, T. A. (1982). Self-report and interview measures of childhood and adolescent depression. Journal of Child Psychology, Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 23, 437–457.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kovacs, M. (1985). The Children's Depression Inventory. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 21, 995–998.Google ScholarPubMed
Kovacs, M., Paulauskas, S., Gatsonis, C., & Richards, C. (1988). Depressive disorders in children: III. A longitudinal study of comorbidity with and risk for conduct disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 15, 205–217.Google Scholar
Ladd, G. W., & Price, J. M. (1987). Predicting children's social and school adjustment following the transition from preschool to kindergarten. Child Development, 58, 1168–1189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lefkowitz, M. M., & Tesiny, E. P. (1980). Assessment of childhood depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 48, 43–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lefkowitz, M. M., & Tesiny, E. P. (1984). Rejection and depression: Prospective and contemporaneous analyses. Developmental Psychology, 20, 776–785.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lefkowitz, M. M., & Tesiny, E. P. (1985). Depression in children: Prevalence and correlates. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 53, 647–656.Google Scholar
Leon, G. R., Kendall, P. C., & Garber, J. (1980). Depression in children: Parent, teacher, and child perspectives. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 8, 221–235.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Matson, J. L., & Nieminen, G. S. (1987). Validity of measures of conduct disorder, depression, and anxiety. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 16, 151–157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGee, R., Anderson, J., Williams, S., & Silva, P. A. (1986). Cognitive correlates of depressive symptoms in 11-year-old children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 14, 517–524.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mead, G. H. (1934). Mind, self, and society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Metalsky, G. I., Halberstadt, L. J., & Abramson, L. Y. (1987). Vulnerability to depressive mood reactions: Toward a more powerful test of the diathesis-stress and causal mediation components of the reformulated theory of depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 386–393.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milich, R., & Dodge, K. A. (1984). Social information processing patterns in child psychiatric populations. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 12, 471–490.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moskowitz, D. S., Schwartzman, A. E., & Ledingham, J. E. (1985). Stability and change in aggression and withdrawal in middle childhood and early adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 94, 30–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Newcomb, A. F., & Bukowski, W. M. (1984). A longitudinal study of the utility of social preference and social impact sociometric classification schemes. Child Development, 55, 1434–1447.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Girgus, J. S., & Seligman, M. E. P. (1986). Learned helplessness in children: A longitudinal study of depression, achievement, and explanatory style. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 435–442.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Panak, W. F., Garber, J., & Quiggle, N. L. (1989, 04). Comorbidity of depression and aggression: Age and gender effects in a community sample. Presented at the biennial conference of the Society for Research in Child Development,Kansas City, MO.Google Scholar
Patterson, G. R., & Stoolmiller, M. (1991). Replications of a dual failure model for boys' depressed mood. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 491–498.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Poznanski, E. O., Krahenbuhl, V., & Zrull, J. P. (1976). Childhood depression: A longitudinal perspective. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 15, 491–501.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Puig-Antich, J. (1982). Major depression and conduct disorder in prepuberty. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 21, 118–128.Google Scholar
Romano, B. A., & Nelson, R. O. (1988). Discriminant and concurrent validity of measures of children's depression. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 17, 255–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rubin, K. H., & Daniels-Bierness, T. (1983). Concurrent and predictive correlates of sociometric status in kindergarten and grade one children. Merrill Palmer Quarterly, 29, 337–351.Google Scholar
Saylor, C. F., Finch, A. J., Baskin, C. H., Saylor, C. B., Darnell, G., & Furey, W. (1984). Children's Depression Inventory: Investigation of procedures and correlates. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychology, 23, 626–628.Google Scholar
Seligman, M. E. P., Peterson, C., Kaslow, N. J., Tanenbaum, R. L., Alloy, L. B., & Abramson, L. Y. (1984). Attributional style and depressive symptoms among children. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 93, 235–238.Google Scholar
Smucker, M. R., Craighead, W. E., Craighead, L. W., & Green, B. J. (1986). Normative and reliability data for the Children's Depression Inventory. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 14, 25–39.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vosk, B., Forehand, R., Parker, J. B., & Rickard, K. (1982). A multimethod comparison of popular and unpopular children. Developmental Psychology, 18, 571–575.Google Scholar