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The Hydrophilicity and Hydrophobicity of Clay Minerals

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

C. J. van Oss  and
R. F. Giese
C. J. van Oss
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology and Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214
R. F. Giese
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260
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Abstract

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The terms “hydrophobic” and “hydrophilic” are typically used in a non-specific sense and, as such, they have a limited utility. Surface thermodynamic theory, as described here, allows a natural and potentially powerful definition of these terms. The boundary between hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity occurs when the difference between the apolar attraction and the polar repulsion between molecules or particles of material (1) immersed in water (w) is equal to the cohesive polar attraction between the water molecules. Under these conditions, the interfacial free energy of interaction between particles of 1, immersed in water (ignoring electrostatic interactions), exactly zero. When is positive, the interaction of the material with water dominates and the surface of the material is hydrophilic; when is negative, the polar cohesive attraction between the water molecules dominates and the material is hydrophobic. Thus, the sign of defines the nature of the surface and the magnitude of may be used as the natural quantitative measure of the surface hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity.

Keywords

HydrophilicHydrophobicSurface thermodynamics
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 43 , Issue 4 , August 1995 , pp. 474 - 477
Copyright
Copyright © 1995, The Clay Minerals Society

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