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Flint clays, tonsteins and the kaolinite clayrock facies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

F. C. Loughnan
F. C. Loughnan*
Affiliation:
School of Applied Geology, University of New South Wales, Australia
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Abstract

The characteristic structural, textural and compositional features of the various kaolinite-rich clayrocks known as flint clay, toasted clay, kaolinite tonstein and bauxitic clay are briefly reviewed together with their mode of occurrence. It is considered that these rocks have much in common; sufficient to warrant their grouping in a single sedimentary facies. The origin of these clayrocks is discussed and it is concluded that whereas some modifications apparently took place within the depositional area, the concept of development in Situ for the bulk of the material is difficult to substantiate. Rather, the evidence appears consistent with an essentially allochthonous origin.

Résumé

Résumé

Les traits caractéristiques de structure, de texture et de composition des différentes roches argileuses riches en kaolinite connues sous les appellations d'argile à silex, argile grillée, tonstein à kaolinite et argile à bauxite sont rapidement passés en revue ainsi que leur mode de gisement. On considère que ces roches ont beaucoup de points communs, suffisamment pour justifier leur groupement sous un seul faciès sédimentaire. L'origine de ces roches argileuses est discutée et l'on conclut que tandis que certaines modifications ont apparemment pris place dans la zone de dépôt, il est difficile de prouver le concept de développement in situ pour la majeure partie du minéral. Les constatations semblent plutôt indiquer une origine essentiellement allochtone.

Kurzreferat

Kurzreferat

Es werden die charakteristischen strukturellen, texturellen und kompositionellen Merkmale verschiedener kaolinreicher Tonsteine, wie sie als ‘flint-clay’, ‘toasted clay’ kaolinitischer Tonstein und baüxitischer Ton bekannt sind, beschrieben und zwar zusammen mit der Art ihres Vorkommens. Es lässt sich nachweisen, dass diese Gesteine vieles gemeinsam haben. Sie dürften in eine einzige sedimentäre Facies einzuordnen sein. Es wird die Herkunft dieser Tonsteine diskutiert und wird gefolgert, dass für die Hauptmenge des Materials die Auffassung einer in situ-Entwicklung schwer zu bestätigen ist, weil doch anscheinend einige Veränderungen innerhalb des Ablagerungsbereichs stattgefunden haben. Vielmehr scheint Klarheit über eine im wesentlichen allochtone Herkunft zu bestehen.

Resumen

Resumen

Se pasa revista brevemente alas caracteristicas estructurales, de textura y de composición de las diversas pelitas ricas en caolinita, conocidas como arcilla de sílex, arcilla tostada, tonstein caolinita y arcilla bauxítica, así como al modo en que se presentan. Se opina que estas rocas tienen mucho en común; lo suficiente para justificar su agrupación en una sola facies sedimentaria. Se discute el origin de estas pelitas y se llega a la conclusión de que si bien tuvieron lugar algunas modificaciones aparentemente dentro de la zona de deposición, es difícil systanciar el concepto del desarrollo in situ para la mayor parte del material. La evidencia parece más bien consecuente con un origen esencialmente alóctono.

Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 13 , Issue 4 , December 1978 , pp. 387 - 400
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1978

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