Coarctation of aorta is commonly treated with endovascular interventions such as coarctation stenting. Migration of stent is the most dreaded complication of coarctation stenting. A 60-year-old lady with severe malaligned coarctation underwent endovascular stent placement. The expanded stent migrated to proximal aorta, which could be stabilized with a bioptome, re-positioned with a balloon and postdilated to its optimal size, resulting in a good outcome.

Cardiac tumours are extremely rare in children. Although more than 90% are benign, children can develop obstructive or embolisation derived symptoms, arrhythmias, constitutional symptoms, cardiac tamponade, or even sudden death. Although the majority are asymptomatic, and some spontaneously regress, appropriate follow-up is needed on a case-by-case basis, as patients may develop late symptoms. Definitive diagnosis is only possible through histological analysis; however, it is possible to infer tumour type with a high grade of certainty based on imaging features, particularly cardiac magnetic resonance. Surgical resection is advocated for those causing symptoms, obstruction, cardiac dysfunction, and high risk of embolisation. The aim of this review is to present the state of the art related to cardiac tumours in the paediatric population, in the context of our own experience.

We report the interventional procedures performed on a 12-year-old child with obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract, pulmonary valvar insufficiency, pulmonary arterial stenosis, and an atrial septal defect. A staged repair of all anomalies was performed successfully using transcatheter techniques.

Serial foetal echocardiography showed the development of severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction and thrombosis in a previously healthy foetus. Normal cardiac findings in a mid-trimester foetus do not exclude subsequent dilated cardiomyopathy.

A previously healthy 15-year-old teenage boy was admitted for fever and heart failure. Myocarditis was suspected, and endomyocardial biopsy revealed giant cell myocarditis. Immunosuppressive treatment was initiated, with excellent response. A plausible link to previous leptospirosis was identified. At 18-month follow-up, left ventricular function is normal. Only one other reported case of paediatric giant cell myocarditis had such a favourable outcome.

Here, we report two rare cases of pulmonary sequestration that were fed by large systemic arteries and embolized with a large Amplatzer duct occluder and their 3-year follow-up, and we discuss the efficacy and safety of the embolization of a large aberrant systemic artery to pulmonary sequestration using an Amplatzer duct occluder. A 9-year-old boy complained of chest pain for 1 month, and a 6-year-old boy initially complained of recurrent cough for 3 months. A series of examinations was launched to evaluate any possible malformation or abnormalities in the patients. Chest CT and CTA identified a right lower pulmonary sequestration with infection. After admission, transcatheter device occlusion was planned after essential antibiotic treatment, and postoperative infection prevention and anti-inflammatory treatment were given. In the following 2 years of follow-up, neither of the children had recurrent chest pain, cough or other related symptoms. However, the CT follow-up demonstrated that a residual mass was visible in both patients. The same chest scan section revealed slight reductions in lung lesions from 38.344 cm2 to 37.119 cm2 (3% reduction) and 14.243 cm2 to 13.178 cm2 (7.5% reduction) for each patient. No follow-up data demonstrated the long-term clinical outcomes of the residual lesion. We do not recommend that embolization be performed for large pulmonary sequestration lesions with an aberrant artery larger than 6 mm that is planned to receive a device larger than 10 mm, as their outcomes showed a higher possibility of rebuilding the vascularization network feeding the pulmonary sequestration, indicating a higher risk for long-term complications.

Constrictive pericarditis is uncommon in children. It results from scarring and consequent loss of the normal elasticity of the pericardial sac and is most commonly seen as a late sequelae of idiopathic or viral pericarditis. Here, we report a case of protein losing enteropathy as a complication of constrictive pericarditis in a 2-year-old child. Pericardial thickening was demonstrated by cardiac MRI and subsequent pericardiectomy led to remarkable improvement and resolution of protein losing enteropathy.

Double-chambered left ventricle is a rare CHD that is usually asymptomatic and managed conservatively but can present with ventricular arrhythmias or heart failure. It is important to differentiate from acquired diseases such as post-infarct pseudoaneurysm that need surgical treatment, and cardiac MRI offers an excellent diagnostic tool.

Percutaneous atrial septal defect closure is widely used as an alternative to surgical repair in many hospitals. Infective endocarditis related to occluding devices is commonly known, but following that atrial septal defect closure with a device in a child is rare. This report describes an 11-year-old girl who developed late-stage bacterial endocarditis following incomplete endothelialisation after a percutaneous procedure.

Cardiac and pulmonary physiology in patients with functionally univentricular hearts is markedly different from that found in the setting of the normal circulation. The physiology of both the heart and the lungs remains abnormal after palliative procedures, such as creation of systemic-to-pulmonary shunts, banding of the pulmonary trunk, or creation of the cavo-pulmonary connections. In this brief review, I will concentrate on two main aspects of physiology, namely oxygenation and haemodynamics. I will make comparisons between the normal circulation and the functionally univentricular circulation, the latter both before and after creation of a cavo-pulmonary connection. To finish, I will discuss the physiology of the cavo-pulmonary connection itself, and consider some clinical implications.

Paediatric cardiology is arguably the sub-specialty in which the greatest advances have been made in both disease diagnosis and treatment over the past half a century. Paediatric cardiology emerged as a discipline in the 1930s. Since then, advances in imaging techniques such as echocardiography, angiography, CT, or magnetic resonance and extracorporeal circulation have provided excellent diagnosis and treatment of CHD. The pioneers of paediatric cardiology are more than eponyms, for each used in new and original ways the tools and concepts available in his or her era. This brief overview of the history of paediatric cardiology on stamps begins from William Harvey up to our own time, and includes the milestones in paediatric cardiology.

An asymptomatic 5-year-old male was diagnosed with severe coarctation of the aorta despite normal peak flow velocity with pathology identified on the basis of Doppler flow profile.

Conventional ambulatory heart rhythm monitoring is limited in its ability to provide rapid diagnosis of arrhythmias in athletes participating in water or high-intensity sports. This case report is of a 17-year-old female competitive swimmer who underwent loop recorder implantation with Confirm Rx™ ICM 3500 (Abbott, Minneapolis, MN) to monitor for arrhythmias during swimming. The purpose of this case report is to describe the utility of implantable loop recorders in arrhythmia diagnosis and symptom evaluation in water sport athletes.

A boy diagnosed with persistent truncus arteriosus and severe truncal valve regurgitation had uncontrollable heart failure. Thus, truncal valve repair, ventricular septal defect closure, and right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction were performed on the second day of life. We report about a neonate with severe truncal valve regurgitation who was successfully treated with autologous pericardial truncal valve leaflet reconstruction.

Congenital left ventricle to coronary sinus fistula is a rare entity. We report a case of an infant with prenatal finding of left ventricle to right atrial shunt. The anatomy was defined by multi-modality imaging. Baseline electrocardiogram was notable for a Wolff–Parkinson–White pattern. He underwent successful catheter device closure of the left ventricle to coronary sinus fistula. The patient developed supraventricular tachycardia and underwent successful ablation of the accessory pathway.