Hybrid cardiac surgery involves simultaneous catheter based and surgical treatment of heart diseases. We report a complete repair of dextro-transposition of the great arteries and perimembranous and muscular ventricular septal defects in a 5-month-old girl. This included an arterial switch operation followed by an off-bypass, echocardiographically guided per-ventricular muscular ventricular septal defect closure.

Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is an uncommon morphologic variant of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which is rarely diagnosed in childhood. To date, very few cases of asymptomatic children younger than 18 years have been reported in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of paediatric apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy presenting with exertional chest pain, with characteristic electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, MRI, and cardiac angiography findings.

Transposition of the great arteries combined with totally anomalous pulmonary venous connection is extremely rare outside of heterotaxy syndrome. Most reported cases have been treated by a modified atrial switch operation. We report the successful treatment of a neonate with this rare association, repaired by arterial switch operation and connection of the pulmonary venous return to the left atrium.

An increased incidence of CHD has been noted in twin gestations and in infants conceived using assisted reproductive technologies. However, CHD in these populations remains understudied and the mechanisms underlying these phenomena remain unclear. We present the case of twins conceived via in vitro fertilisation both with Tetralogy of Fallot and additional cardiac and extracardiac malformations.

An 11-year-old male was presented with exertional chest pain and was diagnosed with atresia of the left main coronary artery. A stress nuclear perfusion imaging was negative at initial presentation, and a vasodilator stress cardiac MRI was again negative 5 years later. The patient has fully participated in competitive sports for 6 years with no occurrence of cardiac events.

We report the case of a fetus with anamnios sequence and VACTERL syndrome, having a circumflex right aortic arch. Two arterial ducts join anteriorly to form a common vessel that connects to the pulmonary trunk with confluent pulmonary branches. Embryologically, the dorsal right 6th aortic arch did not disappear and the aortic arch development stopped in a symmetrical state with an exceptional “Y-shaped” merged bilateral arterial duct.

We present a case of a large left ventricular capillary haemangioma incidentally discovered in a pre-adolescent patient.

Troponin levels are often obtained when chest pain is evaluated in the paediatric emergency department. Elevations in troponin levels can be due to different causes, and it is important to fully understand all of these possible causes to help streamline further evaluation and therapy. We present the case of a teenager who had two episodes of troponin elevation in the setting of rhabdomyolysis.

Patent ductus arteriosus is the most common cardiovascular abnormality in premature infants. With newly available percutaneous devices, centres are reporting high rates of success and favourable safety profiles with percutaneous closure of haemodynamically significant ductus arteriosi in infants under 1000 g. We report the case of a 5-week-old, previous 25-week gestation, 1200-g infant who underwent successful percutaneous closure of a ductus arteriosus with a Medtronic Microvascular Plug but who developed late-term coarctation from the device. This case should prompt practitioners to consider the need and timing of follow-up echocardiograms in this population and sheds light on a newly reported long-term complication of device closure in premature infants.

A pregnant woman was referred to our hospital due to fetal cardiomegaly. We recognised a dilated umbilical vein, which raised a suspicion of placental chorioangioma. A male neonate was delivered at 37 weeks of gestation. The cardiomegaly was gradually improved. Pathological examination identified five non-giant placental chorioangiomas. Multiple non-giant chorioangiomas may cause fetal complications despite the difficulty of prenatal diagnosis.

Congenital right pulmonary artery to left atrium fistula is rare cause of cyanosis. It is an abnormal fistulous connection between right pulmonary artery and left atrium representing a direct communication between a pulmonary artery and vein with absence of capillary network connecting between these two. Cardiovascular examination usually remains normal. High index of suspicion on clinical examination and subsequent transthoracic echocardiography is needed to suspect this entity. Bubble contrast echocardiography usually confirms the diagnosis. Cardiac catheterization is used as diagnostic as well as therapeutic modality. Cardiac catheterization is useful in classifying the fistula and helps in transcatheter closure by embolization devices. Choice of devices depends on type of fistula, vascular access, and presence of atrial communication. Here, we are reporting 8-month-old girl presenting with type 2 right pulmonary artery to left atrium fistula, which underwent successful transcatheter closure by 6 mm/4 mm duct occluder (Heart R, Lifetech Scientific, Shenzhen, China). Early closure in this young age will prevent complications of cyanosis. The technical consideration, possible access, and closure techniques are discussed in this young infant.

We report of a 26-year-old female patient who was referred to our centre with congestive heart failure (CHF). Acute myocarditis with a high Parvovirus B19 virus load was diagnosed by myocardial biopsy. CHF improved after start of ramipril 5 mg/d, metoprolol, diuretics, immunoglobins, and a 24-hour infusion of levosimendan. Soon after initiation of medical therapy, the patient started to expectorate bronchial casts with varying frequencies (three times per week to five times daily). Thorough pneumological workup, including histology of the casts, microbiology, and a CT scan of the lungs, did not reveal any cause for bronchial cast formation. Inhalative corticoids were started without any benefit. Two years later, cardiac catheterisation demonstrated normalised left ventricular function. LV end-diastolic pressure, however, was still elevated at 14 mmHg. Endomyocardial biopsies at this time were negative for virus genome. Finally, we changed afterload reduction therapy from ramipril to candesartan. Within 24 hours, expectoration of bronchial casts terminated. Four weeks later, re-exposition to ramipril prompted immediate re-appearance of cast formation, which again stopped with switching back to candesartan. Finally, we were to prove that treatment with ramipril resulted in bronchial cast formation in this patient.