Let ${{X}^{5}}\,+\,aX\,+\,b\,\in \,Z\left[ X \right]$ have Galois group ${{D}_{5}}$. Let $\theta $ be a root of ${{X}^{5}}\,+\,aX\,+\,b$. An explicit formula is given for the discriminant of $Q\left( \theta \right)$.

The classical Hermite-Fejér interpolation process is a positive linear mapping from C[-1, 1] into the space of polynomials of degree ≤2n-1. If Tn(x) denotes the Tchebisheff polynomial of degree n and xk = xnk(k = 1,2, …, n) its roots, then for any given f∈ C[-1, 1] the Hermite-Fejér image Hnf of f is defined by

1.1

Let λ be a certain measure supported on a curve in R3. We prove that if the curve has nonzero curvature and torsion, then λ * L3/2 ⊂ L2.

The mutual injective hull of an arbitrary family of modules is constructed. Applications to the calculations of quasi-injective and π-injective hulls of direct sums are given.

We study the distribution of the discrete spectrumof the Schrödinger operator perturbed by a fast oscillating decaying potential depending on a small parameter $h$.

A non-zero module M having a minimal generator set contains a maximal submodule. If M is Artinian and all submodules of M have minimal generator sets then M is Noetherian; it follows that every left Artinian module of a left perfect ring is Noetherian. Every right Noetherian module of a left perfect ring is Artinian. It follows that a module over a left and right perfect ring (in particular, commutative) is Artinian if and only if it is Noetherian. We prove that a local ring is left perfect if and only if each left module has a minimal generator set.

In [3], the author proved that a ring R with identity is right noetherian and right injective if and only if R is a direct sum of a finite number of uniform right ideals, which are completely primary in the sense of that paper. In this paper, we shall determine the structure of such rings in the case where the sum of the isomorphic uniform components are twosided ideals. The ring is found to be a direct sum of total matrix rings over local rings.

We identify when a tubular group (the fundamental group of a finite graph of groups with ${{\mathbb{Z}}^{2}}$ vertex and $\mathbb{Z}$ edge groups) is free by cyclic and show, using Wise’s equitable sets criterion, that every tubular free by cyclic group acts freely on a $\text{CAT}\left( 0 \right)$ cube complex.

In this paper, we introduce the concept of topological left substantial subsemigroup of a locally compact semigroup S and prove that if T is such a subsemigroup in S and M(T) is the measure algebra of T, then M(T)* is topological left amenable iff M(S)* is topological left amenable, an extension of a similar result for discrete semigroups.

We prove that the ${{L}^{2}}$ restriction theorem, and ${{L}^{p}}\,\to \,{{L}^{{{p}'}}}\,,\,\frac{1}{p}\,+\,\frac{1}{{{p}'}}\,=\,1$, boundedness of the surface averages imply certain geometric restrictions on the underlying hypersurface. We deduce that these bounds imply that a certain number of principal curvatures do not vanish.

We continue to study the simplest closure conditions for chains of spectral transformations of the Laurent biorthogonal polynomials $\left( \text{LBP} \right)$. It is shown that the 1-1-periodic $q$-closure condition leads to the $\text{LBP}$ introduced by Pastro. We introduce classes of semi-classical and Laguerre-Hahn $\text{LBP}$ associated to generic closure conditions of the chain of spectral transformations.

A tournament Tn is a set of n nodes a1a2, …, an such that every pair (ai, aj) of distinct nodes is joined by exactly one of the oriented edges or . If is in Tn, then we say that ai dominates aj and write ai → aj.

The (automorphism) group G(Tn) of a tournament Tn is the group of all permutations ϕ of the nodes of Tn such that ϕ(a)→ϕ(b) if and only if a → b. It is known [9] that there exist tournaments whose group is abstractly isomorphic to a given group H if and only if H has odd order; thus all tournament groups are solvable, by the Feit-Thompson Theorem [7].

A short proof is given of a biquadratic reciprocity law proved by Burde in 1969.

Let p and q be primes ≡1 (mod 4) such that (p | q) = (q | p) = 1. Then there are integers a, b, c, d with

Set

Let [α, β] be a closed interval and C[α, β] be the space of continuous functions on [α, β], For g a function on [α, β] define

Let s be a non-negative function on [α, β]. Let F be an approximating function with parameter space P such that F(A, .)∊ C[α, β] for all A∊P. The Chebyshev problem with weight s is given f ∊ C[α, β], to find a parameter A* ∊ P to minimize e(A) = ||s * (f - F(A, .))|| over A∊P. Such a parameter A* is called best and F(A*,.) is called a best approximation to f.

In an important series of papers ([3], [4], [5]), (see also Rosen and Galovich [1], [2]), D. Goss has developed the arithmetic of cyclotomic function fields. In particular, he has introduced Bernoulli polynomials and proved a non-existence theorem for an analogue to Fermat’s equation for regular “exponent”. For each odd prime p and integer n, l ≤ n ≤ p2-2 we derive a closed form for the nth Bernoulli polynomial. Using this result a computer search for regular quadratic polynomials of the form x2-a was made. For primes less than or equal to 269 regular quadratics exist for p= 3, 5, 7, 13, 31.

We prove that if $C$ is a reflexive smooth plane curve of degree $d$ defined over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_{q}$ with $d\leqslant q+1$, then there is an $\mathbb{F}_{q}$-line $L$ that intersects $C$ transversely. We also prove the same result for non-reflexive curves of degree $p+1$ and $2p+1$ when $q=p^{r}$.

In contrast to the very complicated structure of the lattice of equational classes of commutative semigroups (see [5]), the lattice of equational classes of commutative monoids (semigroups with unit) is isomorphic with N × N* with a unit adjoined, where N is the lattice of natural numbers with the usual order and N* is the lattice of natural numbers ordered by division. (See [4].) However, the lattice of equational classes of commutative semigroups-with-zero is not so simple to describe.

The purpose of this note is to give an elementary proof of a special case of a theorem suggested by Th. Bang (2; 3) and proved by Lee et al (5; see also 1; 4; 6; 7; 8).

Mahler's measure of a monic polynomial is equal to the product of modules of its roots which lie outside the unit circle. By classical theorem of Kronecker it is strictly greater than 1 for any polynomial that is not a product of cyclotomic factors. In this case a number of lower bounds of the measure, depending either on the degree of the polynomial or on the number of its non-zero coefficients, has been found. Here is given an improvement of the bound of the latter type previously found by the author, A. Schinzel and W. Lawton.

Loosely speaking, a function (meromorphic or harmonic) from the hyperbolic disk of the complex plane to the Riemann sphere is normal if its dilatation is bounded. We call a function strongly normal if its dilatation vanishes at the boundary. A sequential property of this class of functions is proved. Certain integral conditions, known to be sufficient for normality, are shown to be in fact sufficient for strong normality.